From Accent to Marker in Cajun English

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Dubois ◽  
Barbara M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cajun French ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Interdental Fricatives ◽  
Vowel Nasalization

The English of bilingual Cajuns living in southern Louisiana has been described as an accented variety of English, the result of interference from French. In order to investigate this proposition, we present a variationist study of four features of Cajun English: 1) the interdental fricatives /th, ð7 realized by the dental stops [t, d]; 2) the failure to aspirate the stops /p, t, k/; 3) the monophthongization of /ai/ and 4) vowel nasalization. The data for this study are taken from the Cajun French/ English Sociolinguistic Survey; the survey has confirmed that English has become dominant in these communities over the last two generations. A sub-sample of 28 speakers, divided by gender into three age groups, is taken from St Landry Parish. If interference from French is the source of these features of Cajun English, we would expect a steady decrease in frequency over apparent time so that these vernacular features will be used more frequently by the older and less frequently by the middle-aged and least of all by the younger generation. The results of GoldVarb analysis of the variables show a complex interrelationship of age, gender and social network. All of the variables studied followed the expected pattern; the old generation use more of the vernacular variants than all others; the middle-aged dramatically decrease their use of the vernacular but the young generation exhibit a number of complex patterns in their use of the vernacular features. Interestingly the young follow the decreasing pattern for (p, t, k) but they show a level of usage for the other variables closer to the old generation so that there is a v-shaped age pattern rather than a pattern showing a steady decrease of the so-called accented features of Cajun English. We argue that although the vernacular forms produced by the older group can be considered part of an ethnic accent, they play a very different role in the younger generation which can be attributed both to French language attrition and to the on-going blossoming of a Cajun cultural renaissance. Being Cajun is now socially and economically advantageous; the younger generation, unlike the middle-aged, take pride in their Cajun identity. The functions of French for people under 40 years old have been significantly reduced so that it is now generally limited to the family domain and even more restricted in that it is used primarily in speaking with older members of the extended family. Given this situation, the only linguistic way to signal "Cajunness" is left to English.

scholarly journals Preferences for Learning and Skill Development at Work: Comparison of Two Generations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Mariya Karaivanova ◽  
Irina Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Work Preferences

The changing economic conditions of the current dynamic and insecure labour market make learning a constant preoccupation of the workforce with view of meeting the growing qualifi cation demands. These demands are likely to infl uence the work preferences of both young people now entering the labour market and older people with established career paths. Research fi ndings suggest that the younger generation exhibits a stronger orientation towards learning and skill development as compared to the older generations. Moreover, studies show that the younger people are more ready to leave the organization when they have better learning opportunities elsewhere. The present study aims at establishing how preferences for learning and skill development in the workplace relate to a number of job and organizational characteristics. Particular focus is placed on the predictive capacity of perceived learning opportunities towards the tendency to leave the organization for either of the two generations. The study addresses work preferences of two generations in the Bulgarian labour market. To this aim, 121 respondents answered a55-item questionnaire consisting of newly developed scales as well as scales based on or adopted from standardized instruments such as the Extended Delft Measurement Kit (Roe et al., 2000). Contrary to fi ndings from previous research done in countries with different cultural and socio-economic background, the older people in our sample were more eager to learn and more ready to leave their organization in pursuit of better opportunities, ascompared to the younger generation. Another noteworthy conclusion is that the preferences for learning and development form different patterns in each of the two age groups and are expressed in a different way for each of the two generations.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

scholarly journals Opioid Literacy in an Immigrant Group in Rural Area: Use of Social Determinant of Health Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Jieun Song ◽  
Jamie Gajos ◽  
Yan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Middle Aged

Abstract Opioid overdose risk is particularly high in immigrant communities partly due to limited English proficiency (Guarino et al., 2015). Previous studies reported that social determinants of health (SDH) have been associated with risk for opioid overdose (Dasgupta et al., 2018). The current study examines the association between SDH and literacy of opioid overdose risk among the immigrant population living in a rural area. Specifically, we examine the association in various age groups including young adults (aged 20 to 34), middle-aged (aged 35 to 49), and older adults (ages 50 to 75). Data were drawn from a sample of Korean American immigrants residing in rural Alabama (N=225). The participants administered the Brief Opioid Knowledge (BOOK) Questionnaire (Dunn et al., 2016). Multiple regression analyses were conducted for three age groups to identify predictors of opioid literacy. Overall, older adults had lower levels of opioid literacy relative to their younger counterparts. Among young adults, low English proficiency, more chronic conditions, and greater depressive symptoms were significant predictors of limited opioid literacy. For the middle-aged adults, lower levels of health literacy and more pain symptoms were associated with limited opioid literacy. Among older adults, women, those with higher English proficiency, and lower health literacy had lower levels of opioid literacy. The findings demonstrated a greater vulnerability of older immigrants to limited opioid literacy. Different predictors based on SDH of limited opioid literacy across age groups have implications for tailored health promotion strategies to reduce opioid overdose risk.

How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN KNODEL ◽  
JIRAPORN KESPICHAYAWATTANA ◽  
CHANPEN SAENGTIENCHAI ◽  
SUVINEE WIWATWANICH
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Economic Changes

ABSTRACTThe consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of older parents' wellbeing in Thailand using evidence from a survey that focused on the issues. The results provide little support for the alarmist view, but instead suggest that parents and adult children adapt to the social and economic changes associated with development in ways not necessarily detrimental to intergenerational relations. The migration of children, especially to urban areas, often benefits parents' material support while the recent spread of cell phones has radically increased their ability to maintain social contact. Nevertheless, changing living arrangements through increased migration and the smaller family sizes of the youngest age groups of older people pose serious challenges for aspects of filial support, especially at advanced ages when chronic illness and frailty require long-term personal care. Dealing with this emerging situation in a context of social, economic and technological change is among the most critical issues facing those concerned with the implications of rapid population ageing in Thailand and elsewhere.

scholarly journals The physical activity and health status of two generations of Black South African professional women

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Walter ◽  
Rosa Du Randt ◽  
Daniel J.L. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Health Promoting

Increased health risks associated with physical inactivity in the Black population have been reported in recent years. Black women, suffering the highest levels of inactivity, overweight and obesity, are at greatest risk of developing chronic diseases of lifestyle. This explorativedescriptive study investigated the physical activity patterns and health status of two generations of Black professional women, reflecting pre-democracy and post-democracy age groups. Quantitative measures were used, including the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. Sample groups comprised teachers, nurses, social workers and public sector managers. Participants aged between 35 and 45 years were allocated to the older generation group (n = 111), whilst those aged between 18 and 21 years (students in the mentioned professional fields) were allocated to the younger generation group (n = 69). The results indicated that these women displayed lower levels of health-promoting behavioural practices than expected, significantly lower levels of physical activity and significantly higher levels of overweight and obesity than the South African norms. The observation that the younger group appeared to be replicating the patterns of the older women is a cause of concern. Greater compliance to health-promoting behaviours was expected in this group owing to participants’ professional involvement in health, education and social development fields. Wide-ranging initiatives are necessary to promote physical activity and health amongst the Black female population in South Africa.Opsomming Gedurende die afgelope jare het navorsing onder die Swart bevolking ʼn toename in gesondheidsrisiko’s wat met fisieke onaktiwiteit geassosieer is, getoon. Swart vroue, wat die hoogste vlakke van onaktiwiteit, oorgewig en obesiteit toon, blyk ook die grootste risiko te loop om leefstylverwante chroniese siektes te ontwikkel. Hierdie ondersoekendbeskrywende studie het die fisieke aktiwiteitspatrone en gesondheidstatus van twee generasies van Swart professionele vroue ondersoek. Die tweegenerasiesteekproef verteenwoordig voor- en na-demokrasie-ouderdomsgroepe. Kwantitatiewe meetinstrumente, naamlik die ActiGraph GT1M versnellingsmeter, Globale Fisieke Aktiwiteitsvraelys en die Gesondheidsbevorderende Leefstylprofiel is gebruik. Die steekproef het onderwysers, verpleegkundiges, maatskaplike werkers en bestuurders in die openbare sektor ingesluit. Deelnemers tussen 35 en 45 jaar is aan die ouergenerasie-toetsgroep toegewys (n = 111), terwyl dié tussen 18 en 21 jaar (studente in bogenoemde studierigtings) aan die jongergenerasietoetsgroep toegewys is (n = 69). Die resultate het gewys dat die Swart professionele vroue laer as verwagte gesondheidsbevorderende gedrag, betekenisvol laer vlakke van fisieke aktiwiteit en betekenisvol hoër vlakke van oorgewig en obesiteit toon as die Suid-Afrikaanse norme. Die waarneming dat die jonger groep dieselfde gedragspatrone as die ouer vroue getoon het, is ʼn bron van kommer. ʼn Groter nakoming van gesondheidsbevorderende gedrag is onder die jonger groep vroue verwag, aangesien hulle hul opleiding in die professionele sektor van gesondheid, onderwys en maatskaplike werk ontvang. ʼn Holistiese benadering is nodig om fisieke aktiwiteit en gesondheid onder Swart Suid-Afrikaanse vrouens te bevorder.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI GENERASI MUDA TERHADAP KEGIATAN PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN BUHA KECAMATAN MAPANGET KOTA MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sofya Werembinan ◽  
Caroline B. D. Pakasi ◽  
Lyndon R. J. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Parental Work

This study aims to determine the perceptions of the younger generation of agricultural activities in the Buha Sub-District of Mapanget District. This research was carried out from August 2017 to May 2018. Primary data was collected through interviews of 15 generations of young people with the help of filling out questionnaires. Secondary data was obtained from the Buha Village Office, Mapanget District. This analysis uses descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the perception of the younger generation of agricultural activities in the Buha Sub-District is overall negative for agricultural activities. Viewed from internal factors include education, employment, gender and age. The higher the level of education, the wider the insight of the younger generation so that the lack of interest in the younger generation in agricultural activities is getting bigger. The younger generation who already have permanent jobs in the non-agricultural sector look down on agricultural activities because they assume that agricultural activities have a low social level. Women have a low interest in agricultural activities because they assume that agricultural activities are not suitable for women because it will damage their appearance. Respondents aged 21-30 years have a low interest in agricultural activities, in addition to reduced agricultural land. External factors include socialization, parental work status and land ownership status. The younger generation with a low level of socialization results in a lack of interest in the younger generation in agricultural activities. Parents of respondents who work in agriculture or non-agriculture do not want their children to make agricultural activities the main job. The young generation whose parents still own agricultural land is still doing agricultural activities to help their parents work on their farms.

scholarly journals The Role of Delay of Care in Depression among US Middle-Aged and Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic:: A Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Delay Of Care ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Univariate Analyses

BACKGROUND The depression level among US adults significantly increased during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and age disparity in depression during the pandemic were reported in recent studies. Delay or avoidance of medical care is one of the collateral damages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and it can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and delay of care among US middle-aged adults and older adults during the pandemic, as well as investigate the role of delay of care in depression among those two age groups. METHODS This cross-sectional study used the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) COVID-19 Project (Early, Version 1.0) data. Univariate analyses, bivariate analyses, and binary logistic regression were applied. US adults older than 46 years old were included. Depression was measured by Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). Delay of care were measured by four items: delay of surgery, delay of seeing a doctor, delay of dental care, and delay of other care. Univariate analyses, bivariate analyses, and binary logistic regression were conducted. RESULTS More than half of participants were older than 65 years old (58.23%) and 274 participants (8.75%) had depression during the pandemic. Delay of dental care was positively associated with depression among both middle-aged adults (OR=2.05, 95%CI=1.04-4.03, P<0.05) and older adults (OR=3.08, 95%CI=1.07-8.87, P<0.05). Delay of surgery was positively associated with depression among older adults (OR=3.69, 95%CI=1.06-12.90, P<0.05). Self-reported pain was positively related to depression among both age groups. Middle-aged adults who reported higher education level (some college of above) or worse self-reported health had higher likelihood to have depression. While perceived more loneliness was positively associated with depression among older adults, financial difficulty was positively associated with depression among middle-aged adults. CONCLUSIONS This study found that depression among middle-aged and older adults during the pandemic was also prevalent. The study highlighted the collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying the effect of delay of surgery and dental care on depression during the pandemic. Although surgery and dental care cannot be delivered by telehealth, telehealth services can still be provided to address patients’ concern on delay of surgery and dental care. Moreover, the implementation of tele-mental health services is also needed to address mental health symptoms among US middle-aged and older adults during the pandemic. Future research that uses more comprehensive CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Polskie zapożyczenia leksykalne w ukraińskiej gwarze nadsańskiej (na przykładzie kilku wsi z regionu mościskiego)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Anna Kostecka-Sadowa
Keyword(s):  
Young Generation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Polish Language

The influence of the Polish language on the Ukrainian local dialect results from the long-lasting contact between the two languages and from the bilingualism of those who speak them. On the basis of the presented examples one may draw the conclusion that the complicated cultural and linguistic situation of the inhabitants of southern borderland, especially those belonging to the middle-aged and the young generation, results in the fact that it is difficult for them to specify their identity and to distinguish which language item is actually Ukrainian and which is a borrowing.  The analysis of their Ukrainian dialect shows that its condition results from the development of both the external processes and the internal processes which include a diffusion of Polish influences. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish foreign influences from preserved archaisms or from the language’s own change and development.

scholarly journals GREEN BANKING IN INDIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Bibhu Prasad Sahoo ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Neeraj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Green banking is different from traditional banking, as green banking focus on promoting environment friendly banking. Green banking is also known as ethical banking. This paper attempts to analyze the adoption of green banking products among customers with different age groups. ANOVA and post hoc tests are applied for analyzing the objectives. This paper finding explains that there is significant difference in the usage of green banking products across various age groups individuals, as young generation is more inclined towards green banking products than middle age and senior age groups. Therefore, more awareness is need to be created among the middle and senior age groups individuals.

scholarly journals English Self-Assessment Based on Pluralism in Preventing Radicalism

JURNAL IQRA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Santi Andriyani ◽  
Hayu Diah Yulistianti ◽  
Nusrotus Saidah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Religious Understanding

The practice of radicalism in Indonesia has increased among all age groups, including young generation. They were mostly affected by radicalism and extremism. The aim of this study was to find out the implementation of English Self-Assessment Based on Pluralism in Preventing Youth Radicalism. This study used a descriptive analysis method. The instrument of this study was the students’ self-assessment worksheet focused on pluralism materials. The result showed that the implementation of English self-assessment through the values ​​of pluralism can improve the students’ understanding by using the technique of reading comprehension. And the religious understanding of the students was good criteria Keywords: English Self-Assessment, Preventing Radicalism, Self-Assessment

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