The pragmatism of drawing context networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Butt ◽  
Alison Rotha Moore ◽  
Canzhong Wu ◽  
John Cartmill
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Context Modelling ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistic ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Mapping Systems ◽  
The Way

Abstract Linguistics has embraced the functional and contextual turn but, when building tools for systematic contextual description, we have not made as much use as we could of our own functional traditions. Rather, we have largely relied on the metaphors of law and rule, which do not adequately capture tensions between consistency and variability in how language and context relate to each other. Our aim in this paper is to show the economy and practicality of representing context as a pathway through a network, drawing on the network technique for mapping systems of grammatical choice introduced by Michael Halliday, and on its application to other linguistic strata first offered by Ruqaiya Hasan. The paper begins by outlining why alternative frameworks are needed for describing context-language relations. We then present a contextual network for one specific domain of the Systemic Functional Linguistic notion of Tenor, namely social distance, and use this to explore how different configurations of features of social distance influence the way that traditions of practice are passed on as a specialised legacy in two different professional collaborations. While the kind of context modelling discussed here is in a very early phase of development compared to phonetic, morphological and grammatical description, it has many advantages: contextual networks are paradigmatic in orientation; they help display and theorise metastability in language; they are “ad hoc” in Firth’s positive sense; and they constitute a proposal to be tested against observed behaviour within specific cultural and situational settings.

Revisiting the risk of undesired appeal in investment treaty arbitration: is deference to the tribunal’s award still less likely in the ICSID context?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J Marcopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Investment Treaty Arbitration ◽  
The Way

Abstract Although they are generally not subject to appeal the way court decisions typically are, investor-State arbitration awards can be reviewed—and potentially set aside—in a number of ways and on various bases. In this respect, investor-State arbitration under the auspices of ICSID is notable in that it provides a self-contained system for the review of arbitral awards by ICSID-appointed ad hoc committees. In the period 2000–2010, this feature of the ICSID system attracted criticism as ad hoc committees appeared to be overreaching in their review of arbitral awards, exercising less deference to the tribunal’s decisions than what would be expected given the narrow bases for setting aside an award under the ICSID Convention. This article revisits the issue 10 years later, exploring whether ICSID practice has evolved in these areas and whether there remains a greater risk of unexpected de novo review by ICSID ad hoc committees. Looking at recent ICSID annulment decisions as well as the case law of arbitration-friendly jurisdictions, the article concludes that although the ICSID ad hoc committees have recently shown more restraint, they continue to interfere more with the tribunal’s reasoning and decisions than many courts exercising the same function.

scholarly journals Adaptive mobile visualization - the chameleon framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Pombinho ◽  
Maria Carmo ◽  
Ana Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Information Visualization ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
User Context ◽  
Screen Space

The evolution of mobile devices and the development of high speed wireless networks have supported a widespread use of these devices with increasingly more complex applications. This reality has fostered the research in the field of information visualization in mobile devices. However, the limited screen space, resource constraints and interaction restrictions impose difficulties to developers and users of these applications. An approach to address these problems is to adapt the visualization to the user context. However, these proposals are normally designed in an ad-hoc fashion and are difficult to generalize. In addition, existing solutions are focused only in some subset of possible characteristics of the user context or only address a very specific domain and related adaptations. The objective of this paper is to present the design of a framework for adaptive mobile visualization (AMV) applications, denominated Chameleon, and the development and evaluation of prototypes that use this conceptual-based framework.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistics Background Determining Linguistic Politeness

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Shokhikhatul Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Politeness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
The Way

This article is intended to show that Sociolinguistics background influences linguistic behavior among people. The way people communicate with other is vary based on their Sociolinguistics background; included the way to show Politeness. Thus, the difference Sociolinguistics background will determine the linguistic Politeness. Politeness is a concept which seeks to give respect to other when we are speaking. Some Sociolinguistics backgrounds that determine Linguistic Politeness, such as: power relationship and social distance, education, social status, job profession, gender, and ethnicity

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Anna L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
False Sense ◽  
State Policymaking ◽  
The Way

Summarises the nature of alcohol policy in Russia and explains why such diverse perceptions of it exist. The existence of the anti-alcohol initiative under Medvedev gave a false sense of cohesiveness and intentionality to alcohol policy, concealing its fragmented and ad hoc nature. The kleptocracy inherent in Russia’s political economy has a distorting effect on state policymaking, as formal state priorities are undermined by the priorities of informal power networks. This can be seen in the way in which an official policy of reducing spirits consumption has been distorted into policies that impact harshly on vodka’s main competitor, beer.

Wireless Technologies for Mobile Computing

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Biju Issac ◽  
C. E. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Computing ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
802.11 Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Way

Mobility and computing were two concepts that never met a decade or two ago. But with the advent of new wireless technologies using radio propagation, the impossible is now becoming possible. Though there are many challenges to be overcome in terms of improving the bandwidth and security as with a wired network, the developments are quite encouraging. It would definitely dictate the way we do transactions in future. This chapter briefly explores some popular wireless technologies that aid in mobile computing, like 802.11 networks, Bluetooth networks, and HomeRF networks. Under 802.11 networks, we investigate the details of both infrastructure and ad hoc networks and its operations. The reader is thus made aware of these technologies briefly along with their performance, throughput, and security issues, which finally concludes with user preferences of these technologies.

Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Jaulin
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Citizenship Regime ◽  
The Way

No major citizenship reform has been adopted in Lebanon since the creation of the Lebanese citizenship in 1924. Moreover, access to citizenship for foreign residents does not depend on established administrative rules and processes, but instead on ad hoc political decisions. The Lebanese citizenship regime is thus characterized by immobilism and discretion. This paper looks at the relationship between citizenship regime and confessional democracy, defined as a system of power sharing between different religious groups. It argues that confessional democracy hinders citizenship reform and paves the way to arbitrary naturalization practices, and that, in turn, the citizenship regime contributes to the resilience of the political system. In other words, the citizenship regime and the political system are mutually reinforcing.

scholarly journals Object Reconstruction from 2D Drawing sketch to 3D Object

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossi Passarella ◽  
Osvari Arsalan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
3D Models ◽  
View Point ◽  
Object Reconstruction ◽  
3D Object ◽  
Orthographic Projection ◽  
2D Drawing ◽  
The Way

Design engineer in the early phase of building up another product is  typically using a freehand sketching to communicate or illustrate the idea in the form of orthographic projection. This orthographic projection is based on viewpoint. A translation from 2D drawing  view point to 3D models is needed to help engineer to imagine the product preview in 3D. This procedure includes a tedious, so that automation is needed. The way to deal with this reproduction issue begin straightforwardly from 2D freehand portraying, by using the camera, the 2D drawing is captured and then transferred to a Personal Computer. Inside the computer, the image is processed with  filtering to find the view point zones. The view point zone than separate to 3 zones, each zone consists of the pixel coordinate. This coordinates are used to generated and processing of 3D voxel Image according to the form of geometries. A case study is presented in order to emphasize and discuss the proposed method

THE OTTOMANS DURING THE GLOBAL CRISES OF CHOLERA AND PLAGUE: THE VIEW FROM IRAQ AND THE GULF

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isacar A. Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Building ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe cholera and plague pandemics of the 19th and early 20h centuries shaped Ottoman state-building and expansionist efforts in Iraq and the Gulf in significant ways. For Ottoman officials, these pandemics brought attention to the possible role of Qajar and British subjects in spreading cholera and plague, as well as the relationship between Iraq's ecology and recurring outbreaks. These developments paved the way for the expansion of Ottoman health institutions, such as quarantines, and the emergence of new conceptions of public health in the region. Specifically, quarantines proved instrumental not only to the delineation of the Ottoman–Qajar border, but also to defining an emerging Ottoman role in shaping Gulf affairs. Moreover, the Ottomans’ use of quarantines and simultaneous efforts to develop sanitary policies informed by local ecological realities signal a localized and ad hoc approach to disease prevention that has been overlooked. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that environmental factors operating on global and regional scales were just as important as geopolitical factors in shaping Ottoman rule in Iraq and the Gulf during the late Ottoman period.

The Speculative Scheme

1997 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses Alfred North Whitehead's speculative scheme. The elaboration of a speculative scheme does not proceed in an ad hoc manner, but is controlled each step of the way by the norms which govern the ideal product. The most fundamental criterion of any metaphysics is that it be self-referential, interpreting not only the world of experience but itself, its process of formulation, and its relation to other theories as well. Any philosophical theory should be the prime exemplification of itself if it is not to be useless speculation. For Whitehead's scheme, this entails that the theory manifest the same organic interconnections as it ascribes to the world.

Blending Virtual Campuses Managing Differences through Web 2.0 Experiences in Transnational Cooperation Projects

2010 ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Yuri Kazepov ◽  
Giovanni Torris
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Way

Starting from the increasingly widespread need to develop effective teaching in complex transnational settings, this chapter presents an innovative blended model with Web 2.0 collaborative learning strategies built in. The model balances pedagogical, technical and content related issues into an ad hoc institutionally designed 60 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) curriculum of the European Masters in Comparative Urban Studies (E-Urbs). The chapter aims at disentangling the different dimensions involved in the curriculum delivery, highlighting the pros and cons of all dimensions of the model adopted. In doing so the chapter is divided into three sections. The first section addresses the challenges that effective teaching in complex transnational settings has to face, in particular it highlights the crucial need of managing differences. In the E-Urbs project we had 24 students from 14 countries, 5 continents, 6 disciplinary backgrounds, 32 scholars from 9 partner institutions in 8 countries. The second section deals with the way in which challenges and differences have been addressed and describes the dimensions of the blended model the authors adopted, arguing that a sound virtual campus arrangement should address the pedagogical, technical and content related dimensions in a balanced way considering the institutional setting within which they are embedded. The third section addresses the way in which the blended approach has been enriched through a Web 2.0 perspective, promoting p2p (peer-to-peer) collaboration in the generation of knowledge. The main argument is that an increasingly fluid society generates and treats information differently and learning agencies should not only acknowledge these differences but should address them with balanced learning models which take advantage of the new 2.0 paradigms. The authors argue that the result of a balanced blended Web 2.0 approach helps to transform the challenges into a resource for each of the stakeholders involved (e.g., students, scholars, partners, institutions) providing an added value in each dimension of the learning process (pedagogical, technical, content related and institutional).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document