Differences in actual persuasiveness between experiential and professional expert evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Burgers ◽  
Anneke de Graaf ◽  
Sabine Callaars
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
News Report ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Professional Expert

This study investigates the persuasiveness of different types of expert evidence. Following Wagemans (2011), two types of experts were distinguished that can be used in expert evidence: experiential experts (who base their expertise on personal experience) and professional experts (who base their expertise on professional knowledge). In a between-subjects experiment (N = 179), these different types of experts were included in a news report on a political issue. Results indicate that the perceived expertise and persuasiveness of professional experts was higher than that of experiential experts. Perceived expertise completely mediated the effects of the different types of expert evidence on persuasion. These results point towards a recommendation of using professional expert evidence over experiential expert evidence in reporting on political issues.

Waldentwicklung als Politikfeld. Das südwestliche Rheinland (Deutschland) im 18. Jahrhundert | Political dimension of forest development. Southwest Rhineland (Germany) in the 18th century

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-489
Author(s):  
Christoph Ernst
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Production Agriculture ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
Archive Material

Evaluation of archive material from southwest Rhineland, Germany,has provided new knowledge on the development of forests in the 18th century. The society of those times had three different main requirements, which called for three different types of forest; for wood production, agriculture and hunting. But both landed gentry and the community as a whole were interested in maximising the use of the forest. It is therefore not accurate to conclude that wood production was only in the interest of the landowners and agriculture in the interest of the rest of the community. In addition, the different types of forest were subject to mutual dependence because changing one parameter meant that the balance governing wood production,grazing and arable areas, as well as habitat for game,also shifted. These interests, both divergent and common, of the population as a whole lead to the conclusion that forestry development was a highly political issue, and that the influence of the non-owning part of the population was greater than previously thought.

scholarly journals The Ways of Knowing the Pandemic With the Help of Prompted Autoethnography

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780042096013
Author(s):  
Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance

This article discusses how different forms of autoethnographic production prompted by diverse forms of academic self-expression can lead to different types of knowing. Utilizing five examples from the Massive_Microscopic project, where participants responded to 21 different prompts inviting autoethnographic reflections about COVID-19 global pandemic, the article explores the responses from the perspective of alternative ways of knowing, reflecting on questions of motherhood, self-care, and performance in academia. Whether visual, rhythmic, or text produced from the perspective of things, the different modalities of the prompts allowed unexpected knowledge to emerge and supported deeper and more colorful reflections. Exploring the personal experience with the pandemic is expanded by the qualitative inquiry supported by different (self-)expression formats.

scholarly journals VAGUENESS AND DISSOCIATION IN ENGLISH POLITICAL NEWS DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Katarina Damjanić
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
English Language ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Discourse Interpretation ◽  
Newspaper Articles

The main goal of this paper is to indicate the importance of the issues of vagueness and dissociation in discourse interpretation. The discourse that is taken into consideration is the discourse of political news written in the English language. This particular discourse is widely available to readers and deals with important political issues, which is why the choice of words and phrases should ideally be unbiased and accurate. If not, the readers may misinterpret the discourse and have a wrong impression of the political issue. In this research, newspaper articles are taken as an example of political news discourse. All articles analyzed were written in online British and American broadsheet and tabloid newspapers and they all dealt with the migrant crisis and 2019 Hong Kong protests. By taking into consideration the political context and the theoretical framework used in this research, 44 instances considered to be examples of vagueness and dissociation were identified, which were found in 14 newspaper articles.

The Scandalous Record of Avoidable Errors in Expert Evidence Offered in FTC and Lanham Act Deceptiveness Cases

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Deceptive Advertising ◽  
Lanham Act

A content analysis is reported on evidence introduced in deceptive advertising cases, evidence that is erroneous, meaning rejected as unable to establish the factual finding it was introduced to support. Further, this evidence is avoidably erroneous, meaning the invalidity and consequent rejection were predictable in advance on the basis of the professional knowledge of lawyers or researchers. The result is discussed as happening because of the nature of legal action and because of the interaction of lawyers and researchers. Implications of such avoidably erroneous evidence are discussed and suggestions are made for ways to eliminate them.

scholarly journals Bad Friday, Monday Effect and Political Issue: Application of ARCH-GARCH Model to Analyze Seasonal Pattern of Stock Return

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.30) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Maria Rio Rita ◽  
Sugeng Wahyudi ◽  
Harjum Muharam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Monday Effect ◽  
The Garch Model

At the end of 2016, Indonesia was shaken by a demonstration of the election of the Governor of Jakarta Capital Special Region and political issues related to religious defamation. Does this condition have an impact on stock prices and returns? The aim of this study is to test the week day pattern in IDX using LQ-45 stocks during selected observation period of August 2016-January 2017. Then a GARCH model is used to investigate the presence of week day pattern in the stock market. Therefore, the GARCH model is able to describe observed statistical characteristics of many time series of financial assets return. The test results show that there is a difference in average stock return during the trading day. The lowest and the highest return are observed on Monday and Wednesday, respectively. Meanwhile, the average negative return on Friday is not proven to significantly drive the occurrence of Monday effect. Return on Monday is influenced by the frequency of trading, not by trading volume. Is there anything to do with the psychological aspect of investors solely in assessing risk acceptance to stocks? Research agenda related to this is very relevant to do in the future.  

scholarly journals Partisan Disagreements Arising from Rationalization of Common Information

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Lauderdale
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Political World

Why do opposing partisans sometimes disagree about the facts and processes that are relevant to understanding political issues? One explanation is that citizens may have a psychological tendency toward adopting beliefs about the political world that rationalize their partisan preferences. Previous quantitative evidence for rationalization playing a role in explaining partisan factual disagreement has come from cross-sectional covariation and from correction experiments. In this paper, I argue that these rationalizations can occur as side effects when citizens change their attitudes in response to partisan cues and substantively relevant facts about a political issue. Following this logic, I motivate and report the results of a survey experiment that provides US Republicans and Democrats with information that they will be inclined to rationalize in different ways, because they have different beliefs about which political actors they should agree with. The results are a novel experimental demonstration that partisan disagreements about the political world can arise from rationalization.

Issue Salience and Political Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Moniz ◽  
Christopher Wlezien
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Decisions

Salience refers to the extent to which people cognitively and behaviorally engage with a political issue (or other object), although it has meant different things to different scholars studying different phenomena. The word originally was used in the social sciences to refer to the importance of political issues to individuals’ vote choice. It also has been used to designate attention being paid to issues by policy makers and the news media, yet it can pertain to voters as well. Thus, salience sometimes refers to importance and other times to attention—two related but distinct concepts—and is applied to different actors. The large and growing body of research on the subject has produced real knowledge about policies and policy, but the understanding is limited in several ways. First, the conceptualization of salience is not always clear, which is of obvious relevance to theorizing and limits assessment of how (even whether) research builds on and extends existing literature. Second, the match between conceptualization and measurement is not always clear, which is of consequence for analysis and impacts the contribution research makes. Third, partly by implication, but also because the connections between research in different areas—the public, the media, and policy—are not always clear, the consequences of salience for representative democracy remain unsettled.

Role of Shared Experience: A Preference Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Celotta ◽  
Patricia Bode
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Counseling Students ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Counselor Characteristics ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preference Study

In this study the role of shared experience was investigated by analyzing the preferences of 30 counseling students for 6 counselor characteristics, including shared experience. Subjects assigned to three different types of problems marked their preferences for these variables. Significant effects for counselors' characteristics were noted. There were no significant differences among the types of problems, however. The students preferred a counselor with professional experience with a particular problem significantly more than one with personal experience. However, they preferred to have a counselor with personal experience more than ones of a certain socio-economic status or of a certain race. The characteristics of age and sex were preferred as much as personal experience.

scholarly journals Shape Shifting Masculinities: Accounts of maleness in Indian man-to-animal transformation horror films

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Mithuraaj Dhusiya
Keyword(s):  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Horror Films ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Hindi Film

University of DelhiUnlike the werewolf myth, on which there is a significant corpus of takes in Hollywood cinema, Indian horror films abound in snake-, tiger- and gorillatransformations. Most of these shape-shifting monsters represent aberrant subjectivities that set in motion a cycle of destruction and redemption within these narratives. This article will explore how the male body in Indian horror films acts as a site of different bodily discourses that permits a reading of socio-cultural crises within the societal framework. Although there are almost a dozen Indian horror films to date that deal with such shape-shifting monsters, this article will limit itself to studying one Hindi film Jaani Dushman (1979, dir. Raj Kumar Kohli) and one Telugu film Punnami Naagu (1980, dir. A. Rajasekhar). The following core questions will be explored: do these narratives challenge the constructions of hegemonic masculinity? What departures from normative masculinity, if such a thing exists at all, take place? How do these narratives use horror codes and conventions to map the emergence of different types of masculinities? How can these bodily discourses be correlated with various contemporary socio-political issues of India?

Postinternational Theory

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yale H. Ferguson ◽  
Richard W. Mansbach
Keyword(s):  
Global Politics ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
Future Theory

Postinternational theory in international relations (IR) theory offers an alternative to the state-centric perspectives on the world that have dominated IR theory. A state-centric approach is far too restrictive. Despite the resurgence of populist nationalism, contemporary scholars are much more aware than in the past of the enormous variety of states, the important distinction between state and nation, the fact that states, even at the policy-making level, are not unitary actors, and the recurring possibility that violence will be intrastate or trans-state rather than interstate. It is apparent, too, that the stage of global politics is crowded by countless actors of different types, whose complex interactions substantially determine the intermediate and longer-range scenes in particular dramas. Moreover, the flow of events significantly reflects not only such ideational factors as competing identities, ideologies, and mental spaces, but also the pace and volume of globalization in its multiple dimensions and related localization dynamics that include resistance to globalization. Postinternational theory embodies the foregoing worldview. It shares some areas of agreement with leading schools of IR theory, but provides a much better foundation for future theory building as well as a policy-relevant way of thinking about the world and analyzing global political issues.

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