scholarly journals An overview of the Japanese quotative itta and itte ita

Pragmatics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Hironori Nishi
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The Past ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dominant Pattern ◽  
Third Person

Abstract The present study provides an overview of the quotative utterances made with itta (past form of iu ‘to say’) and itte ita (the combination of iu and the past form of the -te iru construction) in naturally occurring conversations in Japanese. The examination of approximately 13 hours of conversations shows that itta is used in 91.1% of first-person quotations (‘I said that…’). In second-person (‘you said that…’) and third-person (‘he/she said that…’) quotations, itte ita is used in 90.0%, and 77.3% of the cases, respectively. The present study argues that the high percentage of itte ita for second- and third-person quotative utterances is due to the fact that the -te iru construction, which is included in itte ita, is used as an evidential marker. The present study also analyzes the deviant cases from the dominant pattern (i.e. using itta for third-person utterances), and demonstrates how -te iru’s evidential function is utilized manipulatively in conversation.

My Pronoun, ’tis of Thee

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Allan Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
American South ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The American South ◽  
Further Development

Chapter 8 interrupts the narrative to explain the importance of the further development of “Guy” to “guy” or “guys.” It tells about the second-person personal pronouns of English from Old English times, a thousand years ago, to the present. These are words we regularly use in speech and writing: first-person singular “I” and plural “we,” third person “he, she, it” and “they,” and then the second person, which happens to have undergone major changes in the past few centuries. Originally the second-person singular was “thou,” the plural “you.” But then, like several other European languages, the second-person plural was seen as more polite than “thou,” so “you” became second-person singular too. That was fine, except now a listener couldn’t tell whether a speaker was referring just to the listener or to the whole group. So with “you” solidly entrenched as second-person singular, a substitute had to be found for second-person plural. One possibility was “y’all,” still preferred in the American South, but that can be used for the singular too. Eventually, while the vacancy remained empty two centuries later, a successful substitution emerged, none other than the “guys” most of use as second-person plural today.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS USING “BEAUTY AND THE BEAST” MOVIE SCRIPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Elisa Fadlilah ◽  
Rika Septyani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Beauty And The Beast ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study deals with the English deixis. The objectives of this study are to analyze type of deixis and to find out the frequency of each deixis in the movie entitled Beauty and The Beast. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research. The source of data was taken from the movie script of Beauty and The Beast. Documentary technique is used in collecting data. The findings showed that there are three types of deixis found in the Beauty and The Beast movie script and there are nine frequencies of deixis, namely person deixis in greater occurrences than another. Type of person deixis is used 128 times or (84,21%), which consists of first person used 53 times or (34,86 %), second person used 52 times or (34,21 %), and third person used 23 times or (15,13 %). The next, spatial (place) deixis is used 12 times or (7,89 %) and the last, temporal (time) deixis is used 12 times or (7,89 %) which consists of present used 5 times or (3,28 %), past used 5 times or (3,28 %), future used 2 times or (1,31 %). The least frequently used by the Beast in Beauty and the Beast Speech film`s dialogue was first person deixis used 53 times or (34,86 %). Keywords:  Pragmatic, Movie,  Deixis

Introduction to the Special Issue on First-Person Methods in HCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Audrey Desjardins ◽  
Oscar Tomico ◽  
Andrés Lucero ◽  
Marta E. Cecchinato ◽  
Carman Neustaedter
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
First Person ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Computer Interaction

In this introduction to the special issue on First-Person Methods in (Human-Computer Interaction) HCI, we present a brief overview of first-person methods, their origin, and their use in Human-Computer Interaction. We also detail the difference between first-person methods, second-person, and third-person methods, as a way to guide the reader when engaging the special issue articles. We articulate our motivation for putting together this special issue: we wanted a collection of works that would allow HCI researchers to develop further, define, and outline practices, techniques and implications of first-person methods. We trace links between the articles in this special issue and conclude with questions and directions for future work in this methodological space: working with boundaries, risk, and accountability.

scholarly journals Referential hierarchies: A new look at some historical and typological patterns

Linguistics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spike Gildea ◽  
Fernando Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Asymmetrical Pattern ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
Constituent Ordering ◽  
Person Marking

AbstractThis paper proposes a diachronic typology for the various patterns that have been referred to as Hierarchical Alignment or Inverse Alignment. Previous typological studies have tried to explain such patterns as grammatical reflections of a universal Referential Hierarchy, in which first person outranks second person outranks third person and humans outrank other animates outrank inanimates. However, our study shows that most of the formal properties of hierarchy-sensitive constructions are essentially predictable from their historical sources. We have identified three sources for hierarchical person marking, three for direction marking, two for obviative case marking, and one for hierarchical constituent ordering. These sources suggest that there is more than one explanation for hierarchical alignment: one is consistent with Givón’s claim that hierarchical patterns are a grammaticalization of generic topicality; another is consistent with DeLancey’s claim that hierarchies reflect the deictic distinction between present (1/2) and distant (3) participants; another is simply a new manifestation of a common asymmetrical pattern, the use of zero marking for third persons. More importantly, the evolution of hierarchical grammatical patterns does not reflect a consistent universal ranking of participants – at least in those cases where we can see (or infer) historical stages in the evolution of these properties, different historical stages appear to reflect different hierarchical rankings of participants, especially first and second person. This leads us to conclude that the diversity of hierarchical patterns is an artifact of grammatical change, and that in general, the presence of hierarchical patterns in synchronic grammars is not somehow conditioned by some more general universal hierarchy.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DEIKSIS DALAM BAHASA GORONTALO

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Aryati Hamzah ◽  
William I. S. Mooduto ◽  
Imam Mashudi
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Third Person

This research aims to describe the use of deixis in Gorontalo Language. This research was conducted in two stages namely the stage of preparation and implementation of the research. This research was conducted for 1 year. The result of the research showed that the form and meaning of deixis are person deixis, time and place. Persona deixis is divided into several types is deixis of first-person singular (wa’u ‘1sg’, watiya ‘1sg’), deixis of the first person plural (ami ‘1pl.excl’), deixis of the second person singular (yi’o ‘2sg’, tingoli ‘2sg’), deixis of the second person plural (tingoli ‘2pl’, timongoli ‘2pl’), and deixis of the third person singular (tio ‘3sg’) and timongolio ‘3pl’ as a deixis of the third person plural. Whereas, deixis of place are teye, teyamai ‘here’, tetomota ‘there’ this means to show the location of the room and the place of conversation or interlocutor. Deixis time among others yindhie ‘today’, lombu ‘tomorrow’, olango ‘yesterday’, dumodupo ‘morning’, mohulonu ‘afternoon’, hui ‘night’ which have the meaning to show the time when the speech or sentence is being delivered.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN PENGGUNAAN PRONOMINA PERSONA BAGI MAHASISWA STKIP BANJARMASIN (THE FORM AND USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS BY STKIP STUDENT IN BANJARMASIN)

Kadera Bahasa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Suryatin
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Third Person

This study discusses the forms and variations in the use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and variations in the use personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection is obtained by observation techniques, see, and record. Research data are in the form the speech used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin, Department of PBSID (Local or Indonesian Language and Literature Education). The results show that the using personal pronouns are three forms, namely the first person, second person, and third person. Based on the type of reference personal pronoun used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are singular and plural pronoun.When it is viewed from the morphological distribution, there are a full form and a short form. The short forms are usually used in proclitic (appears before its host) and also enclitic (appear after its host). Personal pronouns used by the students in their speech are varied. Although they are in Banjar, they do not only use personal pronouns in Banjar language, a part of the students use the first person singular pronoun gue ‘aku’. Personal pronouns in Banjar language used by the STKIP students in Banjarmasin are the first person singular pronoun, ulun, unda, sorang, saurang and aku. First person singular pronoun aku has some variations –ku and ku- that are bound morpheme. First person plural is kami and kita. The second person pronouns are pian, ikam, nyawa, and kamu. Meanwhile, the third person singular pronouns are Inya and Sidin. The third person plural pronoun is bubuhannya. The use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are dominantly consist of five speech components only that are based on the situation, the partner, the intent, the content of the message, and how the speaker tells the speech.

scholarly journals voix du "moi" dans Enfance de Nathalie Sarraute

2021 ◽  
pp. 723-745
Author(s):  
Antonella Lipscomb
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Nathalie Sarraute ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Procedure ◽  
Narrative Voices

Si la autobiografía constituye el reino privilegiado del relato en primera persona, Nathalie Sarraute adopta en Enfance(1983) un procedimiento original: el diálogo. En su relato, la alternancia de la primera y la segunda persona del singular permite simular un diálogo entre dos instancias de un mismo “yo”. El presente artículo analizará este desdoblamiento interior orquestado por dos voces narrativas donde afloran las voces implícitas que han marcado el pasado de la autora – las voces de la madre, del padre y de la madrastra, Véra. Toda una polifonía de voces vivas, tan intactas como los recuerdos evocados. If autobiography is the privileged field of the first person narrative, Nathalie Sarraute adopts in Enfance(1983) an original procedure: the dialogue. In her autobiography, the alternation between first and second person singular enable to simulate a dialogue between two instances of the self. This article entitled “Voices of the self in Nathalie Sarraute’s Enfance” aims to analyse this interior duality orchestrated by the two narrative voices where the implicit voices that have shaped the writer’s childhood – voices of the mother, the father and the stepmother Véra – emerge from the past. A polyphony of living voices, as intact as the memories evoked. Si l’autobiographie est le domaine privilégié du récit à la première personne, Nathalie Sarraute adopte dans son autobiographie Enfance (1983) un procédé original: le dialogue. Dans son récit, l’alternance du début à la fin de la première et deuxième personnes du singulier est là pour simuler un dialogue entre deux instances d’un même "moi". Un dédoublement intérieur orchestré par deux voix narratives où se glissent les voix implicites qui ont marqué le passé de l’auteur, à savoir les voix de la mère, du père et de la belle-mère Véra. Tout une polyphonie de voix vivantes, aussi intactes que les souvenirs évoqués.

scholarly journals Unrealism in russian prose of early 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Elena V. Astashchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Imperative Mood

  The aim of the article is to analyze the multilevel manifestation of the text modality - from grammatical to aesthetic and build a general concept of unrealism as a peripheral, but permanent, constant of the modernist era. However, the ubiquity and dominant delimitation, necessary of structures with conjunctions of unreal comparison, with the predominance of those derived from future forms over those derived from the imperfect, also serves to strengthen the independence of the artwork from social pressure. Subsequently, the characteristic structures of modernity, analogous to the European "future in the past", building an alternative reality, are supplanted by the imperative mood of the second person, with the illocutionary act of calling for a change in the existing reality, in the primitive vanguard and the third person with the "pust" particle [let] in the middle of the 20th century, gradually degenerating into the imperative mood with the "puskai" particle [May], whose motivating pathos is extremely low.  

scholarly journals PERSONAL DEIXIS AS ADDRESSING SYSTEM TO EXPRESS SOLIDARITY AT CAMPUS COMMUNITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Winantu Kurnianingtyas SriAgung
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Campus Community ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Third Person

This research investigates personal deixis that indicate solidarity in campus environment. Students and lecturers conversation transcription were collected and analyzed by the researcher to identify the types of personal pronoun that commonly used to pointer the participants. The result showed that there were three kinds of pronoun used commonly by the participants and those indicate close relationship among others such as first person singular, second person singular, and third person plural. The finding revealed that the second person singular of bro, sist, and jeng are common in pointing speakers’ audience. Eventhough, those become slang language in society. The implication of this research suggested for other types of pronoun to be exist in campus environment and indicate power.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Deixis in the Novel The Fault In Our Stars by John Green

HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Artika Putri ◽  
Made Budiarsa ◽  
I Gede Putu Sudana
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Spatial Deixis ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research  entitled The Analysis of Deixis in The Novel The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. Deixis is a study to describe the relation between language and contexts in language structure itself. The objectives of this study are (1) to find out and identify types of deixis in the novel The Fault in Our Stars (2) to analyze the function of each deixis type found in the novel The Fault in Our Stars. The data were collected using documentation and observation methods using the reading and note taking techniwques. Qualitative method was used to analyze the data and the method were done by descriptive technique. The method of presenting the result of data analysis was the descriptive method and was done by argumentative technique. The result of the research shows that there are three types of deixis found in the novel The Fault in Our Stars by John Green, namely person deixis, spatial deixis and temporal deixis. Person deixis consists of first person, second person and third person. The first person deixis is used to identify the speaker. The second person deixis is used to show the addressee. The third person deixis is used to show the referent not identified as the speaker or the addressee. The spatial deixis is used to describe a location participant in speech event. Temporal deixis is used to point a certain period of time.

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