Translating in a forked tongue: Interlinear glosses as a creative device in Japanese translations

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Good Effect ◽  
Source Text ◽  
State Of Tension ◽  
Semantic Layer

An intriguing contrapuntal device available to Japanese translators and writers is small-font glosses known as rubi, marginalia juxtaposed alongside words or phrases to fulfil a multitude of functions. Moving far beyond their original role of a phonetic aid, rubi are often used bivocally to produce not only two unrelated pronunciations of a word but also an extra semantic layer, helping to transcend the limitations of conventional translational equivalents. Rubi glosses can enhance a word’s expressiveness, emphasize, exaggerate, elucidate or delimit its meaning, convey a different register or speech mode, or act as a paraphrase or inside joke. The double layering and shifting focus provided by different headword-rubi permutations enable translators to convey the meaning of source text concepts while retaining their foreignness, including a representation of the original sound (an aspect that is usually sacrificed when meaning is translated). Rubi can also have a subversive function, destabilizing the headword by qualifying or relativizing its meaning or acting as an intimate critique or commentary. Thus these in-text excurses often exist in a state of tension, an uneasy embrace, with the words to which they are attached. This article examines how rubi enable and exploit to good effect the elaborate interplay amongst different scripts, sound and meaning in Japanese translations, and suggests that some aspects of this double-voiced practice could be adapted by translators in other languages as an avenue for heteroglossic experimentation.

scholarly journals Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation and Ablation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Riyaz A. Kaba ◽  
Aziz Momin ◽  
John Camm
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Complex Forms

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a global disease with rapidly rising incidence and prevalence. It is associated with a higher risk of stroke, dementia, cognitive decline, sudden and cardiovascular death, heart failure and impairment in quality of life. The disease is a major burden on the healthcare system. Paroxysmal AF is typically managed with medications or endocardial catheter ablation to good effect. However, a large proportion of patients with AF have persistent or long-standing persistent AF, which are more complex forms of the condition and thus more difficult to treat. This is in part due to the progressive electro-anatomical changes that occur with AF persistence and the spread of arrhythmogenic triggers and substrates outside of the pulmonary veins. The posterior wall of the left atrium is a common site for these changes and has become a target of ablation strategies to treat these more resistant forms of AF. In this review, we discuss the role of the posterior left atrial wall in persistent and long-standing persistent AF, the limitations of current endocardial-focused treatment strategies, and future perspectives on hybrid epicardial–endocardial approaches to posterior wall isolation or ablation.

Los estereotipos sociales a través del filtro de la traducción

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233
Author(s):  
Gemma Andújar Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Points Of View

Cultural referents not only designate specific realities of a given culture which do not always exist in another but they are also semantic elements which trigger social representations. By conveying values and points of view about different social groups, cultural referents become linguistic instruments to build stereotypes. These thought patterns are shared by the members of a social or cultural community and act as a filter of reality. The aim of this paper is to study the role of cultural referents in the construction of social stereotypes, focusing on the socio-cognitive universe they evoke. To this end, we have analyzed the translations techniques applied in the Spanish, Catalan and English versions of a novel which has been very successful on the French literary scene: Muriel Barbery’s L’Élégance du hérisson (2006). As show the results of this textual comparison, the explanations, descriptions and additional information observed in target texts do not trigger the same associations as cultural referents do in the source text. Translational approaches are too limited when it comes to achieve linguistic adequacy to different world visions. Therefore, translation must be conceived as an encounter between two cultural systems, in which the translator must build bridges, not so much between two linguistic systems as between the social perceptions and values of two different cultural communities.

scholarly journals Notes from the Editors

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. iii-ix
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relevant Work

We introduce this issue with a thought. There has been much made of the need for our discipline to be “policy relevant,” and much ridicule has been directed at the Review recently that comments how little the Review offers that is relevant for decision makers. But what does it mean to be policy relevant? Generally, scholarly journals publish the best in basic research, which hopefully can be used by those in positions of authority to good effect. This often means that there are no catchy titles, nor opinion-editorial pieces that are so often portrayed as the model of policy relevant work. In our view, the role of the Review is to expand knowledge on important scholarly questions, not only to publish work that is currently popular or somehow ordained as useful by pundits. There is certainly a place for such work, but not in the pages of the Review. On the other hand, we as the editors of the Review understand the need to make the Review accessible to as broad an audience as possible, and we have made great efforts to do just that.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EU CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Indra Grietēna
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Interference Problems ◽  
State Language

The paper reviews publications by Latvian linguists looking at the main translation problems within the context of the EU between 2005 and 2010. The author analyses the publications from three aspects: general aspects of translation problems and practices within the EU context, particular translation problems, and methodological publications providing guidelines for translators working within the EU context. The author reveals discussions on the ways translation influences language in general, the role of the source language for the development of the target language, and the role and responsibility of a translator at the ‘historical crossroads’. The article discusses a number of EU-specific translation problems, including source language interference, problems of the translator’s visibility and a translation’s transparency, ‘false friends’, and linguistic and contextual untranslatability. The author briefly summarizes the contents of guidelines and manuals for translators working within the EU context, highlighting the main differences between English and Latvian written language practices, literal (word-for-word) translation and the translator’s relationship with the source text. The publications selected and analysed have been published either in conference proceedings or in academic journals from the leading Latvian institutions in the field of translation: Ventspils University College, the University of Latvia, the State Language Commission of Latvia and Translation and Terminology Centre of Latvia.

Municipal solid waste management considering NGO’s role in consumer environmental awareness and government regulations for air pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-807
Author(s):  
Masoud Rabbani ◽  
Parisa Hashemi ◽  
Pegah Bineshpour ◽  
Hamed Farrokhi-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in increasing customer environmental awareness (CEA) to decrease the municipal solid waste (MSW), and secondly, to examine the effect of government policies in the amount of air pollution caused by transfer stations (TSs). Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. For solving this multi-objective problem, the authors use epsilon constraint method, which presented eight Pareto solutions. For selecting the best solution, the analytic hierarchy process approach is used. The presented model is applied on a real case study, and the results are discussed and sensitivity analysis is implemented on the parameters of the concern. Findings This study confirms the assumption that by allocating budget to NGOs for increasing CEA, the produced waste will be decreased. Research limitations/implications In the present study, the authors only investigate air pollution caused by TS. Future studies can investigate other types of pollution. Furthermore, uncertainty in the amount of produced waste can be variable making the problem closer to the real environment. In this case, robust optimization may have better results. Practical implications Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, some implications obtain that can highlight by managers in the decision-making process. The operational costs of TS have a critical aspect in founding TS, so using new technology and high-tech machines for operational processes of TSs, can result in decreasing the running cost of TSs. Also, the determination of TS capacity is a remarkable issue in optimization, which should be paid special attention to this for the design of TSs in the planning phase of the system. Moreover, collaborating with NGOs has a good effect on increasing CEA that results in a decrease of MSW. Originality/value The role of NGOs and government simultaneity has been considered in a green supply chain. Moreover, the authors considered TS between source and disposal that reduce the time of transferring waste. Therefore, this study can be beneficial for the MSW management system, which faces the problems in the lack of capacity and transportation problems and environmental issues by proposing solutions in three studies including economic, environmental and social aspects.

Taming iconicity in the Spanish and Italian translations of Shakespeare’s Sonnets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonzálvez-García
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Secondary Predication

Abstract Building on Tabakowska’s (1993, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2013) full-blown defense of a cognitive linguistic approach to literary translation as well as on previous research dealing with the implementations of Construction Grammar(s) for translation studies (Szymańska 2011a, 2011b; Serbina 2015), this paper critically examines the role of iconicity in selected lines from Shakespeare’s Sonnets capitalizing on the passage of Time-Death and their corresponding translations in present-day Spanish and Italian. Specifically, drawing on Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg 2006) and Contrastive Construction Grammar (Boas 2010a; Boas & Gonzálvez-García 2014), I focus on instances of secondary predication with verbs of sensory perception, causative constructions and aspectual constructions iconically connected with the above-mentioned motif and demonstrate that iconicity emerges as a very useful communicative ‘filter’ that can help to minimize any undesirable arbitrariness which may obscure the semantico-pragmatic interpretation of the source text and/or its rendering into the target text.

scholarly journals Bilingual formal meeting as a context of translatoriality

Target ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merja Koskela ◽  
Kaisa Koskinen ◽  
Nina Pilke
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Formal Meeting

Abstract Drawing on the concept of translatorial action by Justa Holz-Mänttäri, this article sets out to analyse the role of translation in a bilingual formal meeting without any professional translation or interpreting. The analysis reveals the central role of translatorial activities: 60% of the turns include some kind of translatoriality. The chair and expert speakers stand out as producers for most of the translations. Self-translation is the most prominent form of translation, but otherwise the translator role tends to vary dynamically with the role of the source text producer. Three types of translatorial action with varying degrees of replication of content were found: duplicating, summarizing, and expanding. In the meeting context, translatorial action is the primary means of enabling participation for all, regardless of language skills or language background, and this action was used by the participants in flexible and dynamic ways.

scholarly journals Recurrent Pericarditis, an Unexpected Effect of Adjuvant Interferon Chemotherapy for Malignant Melanoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ashraf ◽  
Fady Marmoush ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Shafi ◽  
Ashish Shah
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Interferon Therapy ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Recurrent Pericarditis ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Adjuvant Interferon

Drug-induced pericarditis is a well-described cardiac pathology that can result from a variety of medications; however, interferon-mediated pericarditis is extremely rare. We present a case of a young female with recurrent pericarditis due to interferon therapy. The role of interferon in adjuvant chemotherapy is well known and yields good effect, but this case highlights the very uncommon phenomena of interferon induced pericarditis and the significant distress it can cause.

Applications of Fiber Bragg Grating in Strain Measurement of Concrete Bridge

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2286-2290
Author(s):  
Xian Xi Tang ◽  
Xian Zhou Tang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Fiber Grating ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Experimental Researches

In order to verify the role of fiber bragg grating strain gauge in strain measurement of concrete bridge, and the influence of concrete and steel strain properties by fatigue loading, the relevant experimental researches were carried out. The results indicated that the Fiber Bragg grating strain gauge could reflect the strain regularity of concrete and steel well; for the fiber grating strain rosettes inside the concrete, the pasting equipments of fiber gratings had a certain impact of the measurement effect. The fatigue loading had a certain impact of the properties of concrete and steel, in conditions of the same number of fatigue, the greater the stress amplitude the more obvious the effects. The results analysis shown that, fiber grating strain measurement innovated the means and methods of strain measurement in detailed structure of the concrete bridge, for the strain measurements of concrete bridge under fatigue loading, the FBG could still play very good effect.

The Simulation Study of Soft Switching Power Factor Correction Circuit Based on MATLAB

2013 ◽  
Vol 846-847 ◽  
pp. 429-433
Author(s):  
Qing Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Soft Switching ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Switching Circuit ◽  
Switching Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Switching Losses

This paper discusses the soft switching circuit—Boost-ZVT converter, and studies the role of Boost-ZVT converter in the factor correction circuit(PFC). Distinguished from the past Boost converter, the Boost-ZVT converter implements the main switch of the soft turn-off, reducing switching losses and improving the system efficiency. At last, Matlab software is carried out the main circuit simulation. The simulation results show that Boost-ZVT circuit has a good effect in PFC circuit design, and has a wide application in practical circuit design.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document