Consumer demand for animal welfare products.

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Faical Akaichi ◽  
Cesar Revoredo-Giha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Demand Side

Abstract Modern agricultural practices have increased the efficiency of food production with a decrease in their cost and prices for consumers. However, to some extent this has been detrimental to the ethical way in which livestock are treated, particularly in more intensive production systems. On the demand side, an increasing number of consumers are interested in the way that food is produced and the attributes behind it. Animal welfare is one of those ethical attributes that are particularly important for consumers, and at the retail level, it is reflected in a number of labels aiming at passing cues (due to its nature as a credence attribute) to consumers. For meat supply chains, these labels have the possibility to positively affect sales if consumers are willing to pay more for products with those attributes. Moreover, if increasing animal welfare implies higher costs of production, it is important for the supply chain to know whether these costs can be passed on to consumers. These issues have motivated a substantive literature on the measurement of consumers' interest in animal welfare and their willingness to pay for its attributes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the economic theory behind the measurement of animal welfare and some empirical applications.

Ecoagriculture for a Sustainable Food Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Chalmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
European Farming

Global food security is dependent on ecologically viable production systems, but current agricultural practices are often at odds with environmental sustainability. Resolving this disparity is a huge task, but there is much that can be learned from traditional food production systems that persisted for thousands of years. Ecoagriculture for a Sustainable Food Future describes the ecological history of food production systems in Australia, showing how Aboriginal food systems collapsed when European farming methods were imposed on bushlands. The industrialised agricultural systems that are now prevalent across the world require constant input of finite resources, and continue to cause destructive environmental change. This book explores the damage that has arisen from farming systems unsuited to their environment, and presents compelling evidence that producing food is an ecological process that needs to be rethought in order to ensure resilient food production into the future. Cultural sensitivity Readers are warned that there may be words, descriptions and terms used in this book that are culturally sensitive, and which might not normally be used in certain public or community contexts. While this information may not reflect current understanding, it is provided by the author in a historical context.

scholarly journals Climate forcing by battered-and-breaded fillets and crab-flavored sticks from Alaska pollock

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi L. McKuin ◽  
Jordan T. Watson ◽  
Alan C. Haynie ◽  
J. Elliott Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Seafood Products

The food sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, contributing 10–32% of global anthropogenic sources. Compared with land-based food production systems, relatively little is known about the climate impact of seafood products. Previous studies have placed an emphasis on fishing activities, overlooking the contribution of the processing phase in the seafood supply chain. Furthermore, other studies have ignored short-lived climate forcing pollutants which can be particularly large for ship fuels. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we conducted a carbon footprint analysis of seafood products from Alaska pollock, one of the world’s largest fisheries. A holistic assessment was made including all components in the supply chain from fishing through retail display case, including a broad suite of climate forcing pollutants (well-mixed greenhouse gases, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, black carbon and organic carbon), for domestic and top importers. We found that in some instances the processing phase contributed nearly twice the climate impact as the fishing phase of the seafood supply chain. For highly fuel-efficient fisheries, such as the Alaska pollock catcher-processor fleet, including the processing phase of the seafood supply chain is essential. Furthermore, the contribution from cooling emissions (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and organic carbon) offsets a significant portion of the climate forcing from warming emissions. The estimates that include only greenhouse gases are as much as 2.6 times higher than the cases that include short-lived climate forcing pollutants. This study also advances our understanding of the climate impact of seafood distribution with products for the domestic retail market having a climate impact that is as much as 1.6 times higher than export products that undergo transoceanic shipping. A full accounting of the supply chain and of the impact of the pollutants emitted by food production systems is important for climate change mitigation strategies in the near-term.

Performance Measurement and Risk Management Framework of the Enterprise’s Integrated in Logistic Chains in the Context of the Information Society

2015 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Mircea Constantin Duică ◽  
Anişoara Duică ◽  
Iwona Grabara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Measurement Framework

The intensified competition, the frequent change of the clients’ preferences and the globalization of the capital, product, service and information flows have turned the efficient product management into an essential factor for increasing competitiveness in production systems integrated in supply chains. In this context, industrial excellence can be obtained only by an efficient process piloting, using some performance measurement systems that permit a good substantiation of the decisions based on correct and reliable information, taking into account the risks specific to supply chains. The paper includes a review of the literature in the field of performance measurement for supply chains to understand the current practice and contributes to the development of the supply chain performance measurement framework using risk management, the case study method, a statistic quantitative data analysis and modern performance measurement techniques such as: balanced scorecard and supply chain operation reference.

scholarly journals The Vanishing Ethics of Husbandry

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Paul B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Factory Farms

AbstractThe ethics of food production should include philosophical discussion of the condition or welfare of livestock, including for animals being raised in high volume, concentrated production systems (e.g. factory farms). Philosophers should aid producers and scientists in specifying conditions for improved welfare in these systems. An adequately non-ideal approach to this problem should recognize both the economic rationale for these systems as well as the way that they constrain opportunities for improving animal welfare. Recent philosophical work on animal ethics has been dominated by authors who not only neglect this imperative, but also defeat it by drawing on oversimplified and rhetorically overstated descriptions of the conditions in which factory farmed animals actually live. This feature of philosophical animal ethics reflects a form of structural narcissism in which adopting a morally correct attitude defeats actions that could actually improve the welfare of livestock in factory farms to a considerable degree.

scholarly journals Beyond Kulturkritik: Along the Supply Chain of Contemporary Capitalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Production Culture ◽  
Cultural Processes

Notions of Kulturkritik stemming from twentieth century accounts of mass con-sumption present culture as an effect of the mode or relations of production. Culture becomes the means by which capitalism imposes itself as an ideological system. This paper asks how Kulturkritik might be revived or revisited in the current moment of capitalist globalisation. Focusing on changes to production systems introduced by the growth of logistics and supply chain management, it argues that cultural processes of translation, signification, communication and argument have become deeply and materially embedded in the development of capitalism. Particular attention is paid to how infrastructure and technology shape relations of capital and labour. The paper asks how the subjective force of labour can exploit the vulnerabilities inherent in supply chains and confront the networked forms of organisation that enable contemporary capitalism. Overall the aim is to establish a role for culture in struggles against capitalism and to rethink the place of critique and ideology in the wake of such an approach.

scholarly journals Supply Chain 4.0: A Survey of Cyber Security Challenges, Solutions and Future Directions

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Theresa Sobb ◽  
Benjamin Turnbull ◽  
Nour Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Technology Processes

Supply chain 4.0 denotes the fourth revolution of supply chain management systems, integrating manufacturing operations with telecommunication and Information Technology processes. Although the overarching aim of supply chain 4.0 is the enhancement of production systems within supply chains, making use of global reach, increasing agility and emerging technology, with the ultimate goal of increasing efficiency, timeliness and profitability, Supply chain 4.0 suffers from unique and emerging operational and cyber risks. Supply chain 4.0 has a lack of semantic standards, poor interoperability, and a dearth of security in the operation of its manufacturing and Information Technology processes. The technologies that underpin supply chain 4.0 include blockchain, smart contracts, applications of Artificial Intelligence, cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Things. Each of these technologies, individually and combined, create cyber security issues that should be addressed. This paper explains the nature of the military supply chains 4.0 and how it uniquely differs from the commercial supply chain, revealing their strengths, weaknesses, dependencies and the fundamental technologies upon which they are built. This encompasses an assessment of the cyber risks and opportunities for research in the field, including consideration of connectivity, sensing and convergence of systems. Current and emerging semantic models related to the standardization, development and safety assurance considerations for implementing new technologies into military supply chains 4.0 are also discussed. This is examined from a holistic standpoint and through technology-specific lenses to determine current states and implications for future research directions.

A practical approach on sustainability for supply chain managers of meat, dairy, and other animal proteins.

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-299
Author(s):  
Temple Grandin
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
System Development ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Sustainable System

Abstract This chapter discusses how grazing ruminants can be used to improve the environment, the principles of sustainability, animal welfare as a part of a sustainable system; development of supply chains where the origin of a meat product can be tracked and some programmes for renewable fuels that are not sustainable.

scholarly journals Beef animal welfare, attitudes and Willingness to Pay: A regional comparison across the Pyrenees

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Sans ◽  
Ana I. Sanjuán-López
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Regional Comparison ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Contingent Valuation Survey ◽  
Welfare Attitudes

<p class="StyleTexteSJAR">Attitudes towards beef animal welfare (AW) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for AW certification are investigated among consumers in two Spanish and two French regions located on both sides of the Pyrenees (n=1213). Attitudes were measured through a scale of 11 animal practices, on which, consumers report their degree of concern and trust on the supply chain compliance. Attitudes significantly differed across regions, especially with respect to those AW practices carried out by farmers, while trust lies behind concerns. Three segments based on individual consumer attitudes are defined by opposing those consumers who are more concerned and who trust more on the compliance with AW standards (n=264, 22%) to those less concerned and who are more uncertain about stakeholders´ compliance with AW rules (n=356, 29%). Consumer location, gender, age and education significantly differed across attitudinal clusters. Results from a contingent valuation survey show that WTP for certified animal friendly beef ranged between 20.6% and 22.6% over the average market price of standard beef, in Spain and France, respectively. Both, consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics and habits regarding beef meat purchasing and attitudes towards farmers influenced this WTP (the more consumers trust in farmers’ involvement in animal welfare, the highest is their WTP), while a negative overall attitude significantly reduced WTP.</p>

scholarly journals Pandemic turned into pandemonium: the effect on supply chains and the role of accounting information

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajantha Velayutham ◽  
Asheq Razaur Rahman ◽  
Anil Narayan ◽  
Michael Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Respiratory Devices

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the disruptive effects of COVID-19 on supply chains and question the role of accounting information in managing these supply chains in the face of such disruptive effects.Design/methodology/approachThe study first explains the effects of COVID-19 on the supply chains of business entities. It then explains the role of accounting information in supply chain management, questions accounting information's ability to play such a role, and makes recommendations for better accounting disclosures and accounting research for supply chains of firms. To illustrate the salient points, a case study of Fisher and Paykel Healthcare is conducted. It identifies the risks and uncertainties of supply chains exposed by COVID-19 disruptions to businesses.FindingsCOVID-19 has affected Fisher and Paykel Healthcare from both the supply-side (upstream) and demand-side (downstream) perspectives. On the supply side, it has disrupted the supply of raw materials used in the manufacture of respiratory devices and the costs of importing such materials. On the demand side, it has disrupted market logistics and customer demand. This has subsequently affected production. Such disruptions can be overcome through the dissemination of appropriate accounting information for the different stages of the supply chain to the managers. Such accounting information can also be useful to external stakeholders for minimizing their risks.Originality/valueThe study attempts to create an awareness of the supply chain uncertainties faced by managers and stakeholders arising from exogenous shocks, such as a pandemic, and how these uncertainties can be mitigated by aligning accounting information flows with the supply chain activity flows. The observations made in this paper are at a conceptual level and, therefore, can be applied to any industry.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zimbabwe - Round 2 Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vine Mutyasira
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The Government

In response to COVID-19, the Government of Zimbabwe enforced a nationwide lockdown on 30 March 2020, closing most sectors of the economy, including informal markets. However, with limited cases, lockdown movement restrictions were eased and supermarkets, restaurants and vegetable markets allowed to reopen. Between 3-13 October 2020, a second-round (R2) of surveys was conducted, targeting farming communities in Mvurwi and Concession Areas of Mazowe District, to assess COVID-19 impacts on food production systems, supply chains and general livelihoods. This report summarises insights obtained from the phone-based survey, covering 102 respondents (20 female and 82 male-headed households), and 5 local key informants (councillors and extension officers). Results are compared to the earlier R1 survey carried out in late June/early July.

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