Aquaculture and poverty in the coastal areas of the Philippines.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Iz ◽  
James R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between aquaculture and poverty was investigated in five coastal communities in the Philippines which practiced different forms of extensive and semi-intensive fish polyculture. The methodological approach combined the qualitative analysis of how this relationship was perceived by the surveyed households and a quantitative analysis of the levels and determinants of poverty and inequality in these communities. There is overwhelming evidence that aquaculture benefited the poor in important ways and that it was perceived positively by poor and non-poor alike. In particular, the poor derived a relatively larger share of their income from aquaculture than the rich, and a lowering of the poverty line only reinforced this result. Further, it was established that aquaculture represents an inequality-reducing source of income. The pro-poor character of aquaculture in this case study is explained by the fact that the sector provided employment to a large number of unskilled workers in communities characterised by large surpluses of labour.

Theorising Empowerment Thought: Illuminating the Relationship between Ideology and Politics in the Contemporary Era

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dod Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Management Of Change ◽  
Supervisory Relationships ◽  
The Poor ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship

One response to the on-going crisis of profitability, East and West, has been to alter the form and content of supervisory relationships at work and in the community. The 1990s have been described as the empowerment era. A paradox exists however in that the idea of empowerment appeals to the rich and powerful and the poor and powerless. It is both liberatory and regulative. In this article the ideological polarity of empowerment is investigated in the context of the management of change in the workplaces of large private sector organisations and public sector welfare in Britain. It is argued that the growth of the idea of empowerment is central to politics in the contemporary era.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS ZAKAT DALAM MENGURANGI KEMISKINAN DI JAWA TIMUR MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK BASIC NEEEDS DEFICIENCY INDEX (BNDI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Arum Fatmawati ◽  
Raditya Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Deficiency Index ◽  
Study Strategy ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

This research aims to test the role of zakat to reduce poverty in the East Java period 2015-2017 by using the index that was recently developed, Basic Needs Deficiency Index. The research method used is qualitative approach with case study strategy. This research formulated BNDI index to measure the deficiency and effectiveness of zakat in resolving poverty. Data required is the total population that its income was below the poverty line in every city of East Java, and also total zakat, which was distributed by BAZNAS East Java in every city of East Java. The results obtained from the BNDI calculation have been able to explain the effectiveness of zakat for reducing poverty and inequality in East Java. The result of calculation, which was a high value or approaching value 1, explains that zakat that was distributed by BAZNAS East Java is not effective in reducing poverty in East Java. Furthermore, the result of this research shows that some cities had the highest BNDI and lowest BNDI as well. Hopefully, this result could be considered to use by the policymaker to improve the effectiveness of zakat in reducing poverty.Keywords: Zakat, Poverty, Basic Needs Deficiency Index (BNDI)

scholarly journals Excavating awareness and power in data science: A manifesto for trustworthy pervasive data research

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110407
Author(s):  
Katie Shilton ◽  
Emanuel Moss ◽  
Sarah A. Gilbert ◽  
Matthew J. Bietz ◽  
Casey Fiesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Research Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Frequent public uproar over forms of data science that rely on information about people demonstrates the challenges of defining and demonstrating trustworthy digital data research practices. This paper reviews problems of trustworthiness in what we term pervasive data research: scholarship that relies on the rich information generated about people through digital interaction. We highlight the entwined problems of participant unawareness of such research and the relationship of pervasive data research to corporate datafication and surveillance. We suggest a way forward by drawing from the history of a different methodological approach in which researchers have struggled with trustworthy practice: ethnography. To grapple with the colonial legacy of their methods, ethnographers have developed analytic lenses and researcher practices that foreground relations of awareness and power. These lenses are inspiring but also challenging for pervasive data research, given the flattening of contexts inherent in digital data collection. We propose ways that pervasive data researchers can incorporate reflection on awareness and power within their research to support the development of trustworthy data science.

IMPROVING TAX ADMINISTRATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE UGANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalia Kangave
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

KANGAVE, JALIA, Improving tax administration: a case study of the Uganda Revenue authority, Journal of African Law, 49, 2 (2005): 145–176The prevalence of poverty in developing countries demands that these countries should improvise internal revenue generating projects to supplement, or better still, ultimately significantly reduce dependence on foreign funding. This way self-sustaining economies will be built. One such internal revenue-generating mechanism, and perhaps the most commonly used, is taxation. This paper makes a case for tax administration as a tool of increasing the contribution of tax revenue to Gross Domestic Product, and consequently, a means of reducing the gap between the rich and the poor. The goal of this paper is to propose ways in which the Uganda Revenue Authority (the URA) can improve its tax administration. To achieve this objective, the paper begins with a detailed discussion of the URA's structure and the procedures it follows in collecting taxes. It then highlights the problems that may arise from such structure and procedures, before making proposals on how the URA can reform its organizational structure and processes to maximize its potential in revenue collection capabilities.

Role of Institutional Governance in Protecting the Natural Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
K. K. Yadav ◽  
Kumud Dhanwantri
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Capital ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Insight Into

In the present age of industrialization and unregulated urbanization, the Aravali ranges in India are facing deforestation and degradation. The major reasons behind this are the needs of the poor, and greed of the rich. Therefore, part of the Aravalli Ranges falling in different sub-regions of the National Capital Region, has been taken as case study. The chapter intends to provide an insight into the scenario of forests and wildlife in the sub-regions; the challenges, responses, and immediate initiatives taken up by the constituent state governments. It also discusses ways forward to engage the governments and local communities in the protection of forests and wildlife. The conclusion strives to provide probable strategies that can be adopted to transform the transitions of Aravalli into a positive one and ways for engaging government machinery for better governance to escape the grim future we foresee.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Zakat: A Comparison between the Rate of Niṣāb and the Rate of Poverty Line Income in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Muhammad Pisol Mat Isa ◽  
Azhan Rashid Senawi ◽  
Azhar Harun
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Market ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Market Impacts ◽  
The World ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Relationship

Zakat plays a significant role in Muslim community as an agent in alleviating the poverty. The calculation of zakat payment depends of the calculation of nisab, which is the least amount of zakatable items of a Muslim wealth in one circle year. The zakat is an obligatory duty to a Muslim once the amount of wealth reaches the least level of nisab. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the niṣāb amount changes and the poor indication in Malaysia. This is based on the discussion of the contemporary scholars, who claimed that the price fluctuation in the world market impacts the amount of niṣāb of zakāt. Relatively, it could affect the poor once the price dropped. Therefore, the comparative analyses of the annually niṣāb and poverty line income data from 1993 to 2015 identifies that there is a significant correlation between the facts. Accordingly, it is an alert to the zakāt institution to take a precautionary step in preventing this situation.

A Study on the Economic Benefits of Globalization: Focusing on the Poverty and Inequality between the Rich and the Poor

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

Globalization is now well recognized by many as an inescapable feature of the world today. In particular, in the middle of global economic crisis globalization is one of the hot issues drawing much attention from countries around the world. There are contradictory perspectives on globalization. There are many sweeping statements that assert that economic globalization is increasing global poverty and inequality between the rich and the poor in the world. There are also many others who insist that the poverty and inequality issues have been resolved in some sense through globalization. In order to find the answer to the question, firstly the meaning of globalization was fully explained. Based on the understanding of globalization, the questions such as how globalization has contributed to reduce the economic gap between the developed and the developing countries, and to reduce the poverty by analyzing the economic growth, the number of people living below the absolute poverty line and so on were analyzed. The reasons why globalization is a good opportunity for some countries while some other countries get not something from the globalization was also discussed in this research. We found that globalization has contributed to reduce global poverty and to increase the welfare of both the developed and developing countries. However globalization has impacted different groups differently. Some have benefited enormously, while others have borne more of the costs. The developed countries could get more economic benefits from the less developed countries through globalization. This means, inequality between the rich and the poor countries still remained as a serious threat in the global economy. And even among the developing countries globalization has impacted differently. The trends toward faster growth and poverty reduction are strongest in developing economies that have integrated with the global economy most rapidly, which supports the view that integration has been a positive force for improving the lives of people in developing countries There are two main reasons for the inequality existing between the developed and developing countries. The fist one is the difference of economic size and power between the developed countries and the developing countries started to exist from the late 18th century. The second one is the differences in the management skill in taking advantage of the globalization.

scholarly journals Sirotinja između „kulture bede“ i Čuda u Milanu

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Ivana Gačanović
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Economically Marginalized ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
The Relationship

The issue of understanding, empathy and the relationship to the poor, the socially and economically marginalized segments of most contemporary societies, represents one of the most challenging political socio-economic, humanist, and scientific problems of today. The paper compares two ways of understanding and representing the urban poor - anthropological and cinematographic. The theoretical and practical achievements of Oscar Lewis and his idea of the "culture of poverty" are given as an example of the anthropological study and understanding of the poor. On the other hand, an analysis of the representation of the poor in Vittorio De Sica's film Miracle in Milan (1951) is given as an example of the cinematographic treatment of the issue. The aim of this comparison is the confronting of two viewpoints – one which aims to get to the scientific truth about poverty and the other – which gives a subjective artistic interpretation of the "old and romantic story about the rich man and the pauper" and the consideration of their cognitive and interpretative effects and potential for an anthropological theory and practice on the issue which would be "better" and wider in scope.

scholarly journals Living Arrangement of Elderly in Haryana: A Case Study of District Rohtak

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Aruna Paarcha ◽  
Masood Ahsan Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

In the present paper, we have analyzed the living arrangement of elderly in district Rohtak, Haryana. We have interviewed 500 elderly of different age groups in 2012. The study found that elderly is cared as about 90 per cent elderly stay in joint families. Not a single respondent male was living alone whereas 0.5 percent females in rural areas and 2.5 per cent in urban areas are living alone. The poor elderly are more satisfied than the rich elderly.

scholarly journals Women and Poverty in Industrialized Countries

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines empirically the relationship between gender and poverty in eleven industrialized countries that form part of the Luxembourg Income Study. For each of these countries, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty rates, based on a relative poverty line, are calculated separately for men and women. The overall poverty rate for adult men and women is decomposed into male and female poverty shares. These poverty shares are compared to the relative population shares of men and women. The main conclusion is that when the poverty experience of all women is compared to the poverty experience of all men, women are over-represented amongst the poor in some countries and under-represented amongst the poor in others. The latter part of this conclusion is in sharp disagreement with conventional views about the relationship between gender and poverty in industrialized countries.

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