scholarly journals The winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.) in the treatment of kwashiorkor

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
Hutton A. Addy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Diet

1. A feeding trial with children suffering from kwashiorkor was conducted in which the winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.) was used as the major source of protein in the diet.2. Seventy-two children who had been admitted to hospital with moderate or severe kwashiorkor were included in the study. The experimental diet, prepared from a mixture of two parts of the winged beans and three parts of maize flour, enriched with a small amount of skim milk, was given to twelve children with moderate and twenty-four children with severe kwashiorkor. Equal numbers of children with similar clinical, somatometric and biochemical measurements received a control diet in which most of the protein was provided by skim milk. Both groups of children had a supplementary meal of ‘poto-poto’of negligible protein content, which supplied an extra 100–120 kJ per kg per d. The diets were introduced after the children had overcome the most acute phase of the illness during which a routine diet based on skim milk and calcium caseinate had been given. Both diets supplied 4 g protein and 435 kJ per kg body-weight and were given to the children, on the average, for 30 d.3. The experimental diet was well accepted and tolerated, and all children made good clinical progress. The rates of gain in weight were slightly less in the experimental groups than in the children who received the control diet. Although the differences were not statistically significant, they were more marked in children whose weights were between 61 and 75% of standard (classified as second degree kwashiorkor). With both diets, mean daily weight gains were significantly higher in children with severe kwashiorkor than in those with moderate kwashiorkor.4. The increase in total serum protein and the decrease in the amino acid ratio determined 2 weeks after admission were more marked in children given the control diet. At the end of the experimental period, however, the differences between the groups in these two measurements, as well as in values for haemoglobin concentration, protein fractions and the hydroxyproline index were no longer significant.5. The high nutritive value and the pleasant, sweet taste, even in the raw state, are the main advantages of the winged bean. These should outweigh the disadvantage that its skin is tough and more difficult to remove than that of the soya bean.

scholarly journals Studies on the toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Adedapo ◽  
O.A. Omoloye ◽  
O.G. Ohore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

The toxic effects of an aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius were studied in 20 male white rats over a period of 18 days. The rats were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Those in Group A served as controls while the rats in Groups B, C and D were dosed per os with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1 600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis and specimens of the liver, kidney and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The study showed that the extract of A. precatorius caused decreased levels of packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. The extract also resulted in increased levels of total serum protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Histologically, testicular degeneration characterized by decreased numbers of lining cells of the epithelium as well as reduction in sperm cells with presence of scattered Sertoli cells were noted. The study thus showed that aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius is toxic and caution should be exercised in its use for medicinal purpose.

Haematological and serological response of broiler chickens to varying levels of direct fed microbes as feed additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. A. Ekine
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Intestinal Immunity

Several efforts are being made to find the possibilities of utilizing Direct fed microbes (DFM) that has a potential to replace antibiotics as a result of its ability to prevent internal colonization of enteropathogenic enzymes, stimulate intestinal immunity of broiler chickens and reduce stress in animals. A studywas conducted using 120, one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks to evaluate blood and serum chemistry response to direct fed microbes. The broiler chicks were obtained from a reputable hatchery and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each with three replicates of ten birds per treatment. The treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4, with levels of inclusion of direct fed microbes (DFM) at 0, 2.5, 5% and 7.5%, respectively. The birds were assigned to these treatment diets, feed and water was given ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment which lasted for 56 days. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected from the chickens and taken to the laboratory for haematological and serum chemistry analysis. The haematological characteristics of the broiler chickens showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) in haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). The WBC portrayed decreasing trend as the level of DFM increased, also the Hb, MCV and MCH portrayed an increasing trend as the DFM increased in the treatment diet up to the 5% inclusion level. The serum chemistry result shows that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in total serum protein and globulin whereas no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in serum albumin, glucose, urea and creatinine. It could be concluded that fed diet 2 containing 2.5% DFM performed better as they compete favourably with the control. Broiler chickenss fed diet 2 also had a balanced physiological system

scholarly journals Honey Bee Pollen in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Juvenile Diets: Effects on Growth, Diet Digestibility, Intestinal Traits, and Biochemical Markers Related to Health and Stress

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Panettieri ◽  
Stavros Chatzifotis ◽  
Concetta Maria Messina ◽  
Ike Olivotto ◽  
Simona Manuguerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Tnf Α

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of honey bee pollen (HBP) in meagre (Argyrosoumus regius) juveniles’ diets on growth performance, diet digestibility, intestinal morphology, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, stress-related molecular markers and biochemical blood profile of fish were evaluated, together with mineral trace and toxic element concentration in pollen and diets. Specimens of meagre (360) of 3.34 ± 0.14 g initial body weight, were randomly allocated to twelve 500 L circular tanks (30 fish per tank). Four diets were formulated: a control diet and three experimental diets with 1%, 2.5%, and 4% of HBP inclusion. All the growth parameters and crude protein and ether extract digestibility coefficients were negatively linearly affected by increased HBP inclusion (p < 0.0001). Histology of medium intestine showed slight signs of alterations in group HPB1 and HPB2.5 compared to control. Fish from HBP4 group showed severe alterations at the intestinal mucosa level. Immunohistochemical detection of TNF-α in the medium intestine showed the presence of TNF-α+ cells in the lamina propria, which resulted in accordance with the increased level of the TNF-α protein detected by immunoblotting in the liver. This stress situation was confirmed by the increased hepatic level of HSP70 (p < 0.05) in fish fed the HBP4 diet and by the linear decrease of total serum protein levels in HBP-containing diets (p < 0.0001). These negative effects can be related to the ultrastructure of the bee pollen grain walls, which make the bioactive substances unavailable and can irritate the intestine of a carnivorous fish such as meagre.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of full-fat rapeseeds for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

The digestibility and nutritive value of full-fat, ground rapeseeds of two low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate varieties, Candle (Brassica campestris) and Regent (B. napus), were determined for three pigs, weighing about 40 kg each. The ME values were 18.72 and 20.26 MJ ME/kg DM, the NE values 1,58 and 1.70 FU/kg DM (FU = 0.7 kg starch) and the DCP values 155 and 201 g DCP/kg DM, respectively, for the two varieties. Nitrogen balances in the same trials were 21.0 and 22.0 g N/d. Twenty-eight freshly weaned piglets averaging 11 kg in weight were fed during four weeks 1) a control diet containing barley and skim milk powder, or 2) the control diet with 10% finely ground Candle seeds incorporated. The calculated energy and DCP values of the diets were alike. The growth rates of both groups were equal, as were the palatabilities of the diets. The feed conversion figures were 2.0 and 2.1 FU/kg liveweight gain, respectively. Accordingly, the energy value of Candle seeds was a little poorer for piglets than for the older growing pigs.

scholarly journals The short-term prognosis of severe primary infantile malnutrition

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Garrow ◽  
M. C. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Concentration

1. Among a series of 343 children with severe primary malnutrition there were 248 for whom, on admission, there were reliable records of age, weight, height, liver size, severity of oedema, skin lesions and angular stomatitis, and concentration of total serum protein, haemoglobin and sodium. For eighty-four of these children the serum bilirubin concentration was also known.2. The correlations of these characteristics of the children on admission, with mortality, and with the rate of recovery were investigated.3. Age, weight, oedema and haemoglobin concentration were not significantly related to mortality or to rate of recovery. A multiple regression analysis showed that an increased serum bilirubin concentration and a decreased serum sodium concentration indicated a bad prognosis, and these two factors contributed almost the whole of the multiple correlation coefficient of 0.63 with respect to mortality and 0.59 with respect to speed of rccovery.4. We conclude that in our series of children death was more closely associated with liver failure or overhydration than with protein depletion, and suggest that the administration of ton much protein or water to an acutely ill malnourished child may precipitate death.5. This analysis shows that the mortality observed in our series cannot be adequately explained by any combination of the characteristics considered above; there must, therefore, be other factors of importance for which we do not have suitable measurements.

ALL-VEGETABLE PROTEIN MIXTURES FOR HUMAN FEEDING: XII. BIOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON RATS FED INCAP VEGETABLE MIXTURE 9 AND ANIMAL PROTEINS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bressani ◽  
J. E. Braham ◽  
L. G. Elías ◽  
S. G. de Zaghi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Bone Composition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Biological Tests

Biological tests were carried out to study the effect of INCAP (Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama) Vegetable Mixture 9, casein, and skim milk on the carcass, liver, blood, and bone composition of rats. At low levels of protein intake body and liver fat levels were higher in the animals fed the vegetable mixture. Higher values for total serum protein, albumin, globulin, and urea nitrogen concentration were obtained with skim milk, but the albumin/globulin ratio and the red and white blood cell count were similar for both protein foods. The fresh weights of the femur and tibia were found to be significantly lower for the rats fed Vegetable Mixture 9, while bone moisture and fat were significantly higher. Likewise, the percentages of ash, calcium, and phosphorus were also significantly lower in the animals fed the vegetable mixture.At higher levels of protein intake, carcass and liver fat were again higher for the animals fed the vegetable mixture. The blood analyses revealed no differences between the two proteins tested, except for a higher urea content in the animals fed skim milk.The differences in carcass, liver, and bone composition between animals fed the vegetable mixture and the animal proteins were probably due to minor essential amino acid deficiencies in the mixture, since supplementation with lysine, threonine, and methionine resulted in similar chemical composition values. Higher protein levels of intake also decreased the differences in carcass, liver, and bone composition of rats fed INCAP Vegetable Mixture 9, casein, or skim milk.

The effect of different levels of crude protein on the pathophysiology of Haemonchus contortus infection in 2-year-old Boer dry does under confined conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
T. V. Can ◽  
M. A. Hohenhaus ◽  
P. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Volumes

The effect of dietary protein supplementation on the pathophysiology of a single Haemonchus contortus infection in 2-year-old Boer dry does under confined conditions was examined. Twenty-four does were randomly confined in individual pens and allocated into three groups balanced by their liveweight. The goats in the Control group were offered a basal diet whereas goats in Treatments 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet plus 25% and 50% dietary protein increments, respectively. Each animal was orally administrated 100 H. contortus L3 larvae/kg liveweight on Day 0 of the experiment. The goat liveweights and FAMACHA scores were recorded at weekly intervals. Packed cell volumes, eosinophil percentage, haemoglobin concentration, total serum protein, globulin, and albumin concentrations were recorded on Days 0 and 14, and then at weekly intervals during the experiments. Faecal egg counts were measured on Days 0, 21, and then at weekly intervals thereafter. Antigen-specific IgA, IgG, and IgM titres were determined from Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays tests on Days 0, 28, and at the termination of the experiment. The results of this study showed that a single H. contortus L3 infection did not cause pathogenic effects in 2-year-old Boer dry does. Dietary protein supplementation significantly lowered faecal egg count and significantly enhanced IgG titres (P < 0.05). However, the higher protein diets did not have any significant effects on liveweight, packed cell volumes, haemoglobin concentration, biological parameters (total serum protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations), and peripheral antibodies (IgA and IgM titres) between the treatments. Further investigations are required to clarify the role of protein supplementation to control H. contortus infection in goats.

scholarly journals Effect of diets with raw garlic flour on growth performance and blood parameters in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
M.U. Onyekwere ◽  
P.C. Jiwuba ◽  
U.N. Egu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract. Ninety-six growing New Zealand rabbit bucks (male) and does (female) were randomly assigned to four treatment diets for a period of ninety (90) days. The treatments which contained 0% (T1) control, 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) raw garlic flour meal were fed to the rabbits in a completely randomized design (CRD) to determine the growth performance, haematology and serum chemistry of the rabbits. The results on growth performance in both sexes showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatment groups except for final body weights. T4 recorded the best values in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both sexes. Results of hematological parameters (haemoglobin - Hb, Packed Cell Volume - PCV, Red Blood Cell - RBC, White Blood Cell –WBC, Mean Cell Volume - MCV, Mean Cell Haemoglobin - MCH and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration - MCHC) showed significant (p<0.05) difference for all the parameters evaluated except for red blood cells in both sexes. Haemoglobin values for both sexes were higher and better for the treatment groups in comparison with the control. For the serum chemistry (Total serum protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea, Creatinine and Cholesterol) all the parameters showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the parameters examined except albumin for both sexes. However, globulin was also similar (p>0.05) for the male rabbits. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood cholesterol was recorded in rabbits fed the treatment diets. The study indicated that raw garlic floor could effectively be added to rabbit ration to improve the quality of the feed and the physiological condition of the animals.

scholarly journals Utilization of processed kola nut husk meal in poultry production: Effects on the performance, carcass, biochemical indicators, and antioxidant enzymes of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga David Oloruntola
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract This study looked at the effects of processed kola nut husks meal (PKHM) utilization as a feed ingredient on broiler chicken in a 42-day feeding trial. Kola nut pod husks were processed into a PKHM using ash treatment and rumen liquor fermentation. Three experimental diets were developed at both the starter and finisher phases, with PKHM included at 0, 4, and 8%, and dubbed diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In a fully randomised design, 240 Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three treatments (10 birds per replicate). Except for the significantly improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens fed diets 2 and 3 at the grower phase (22-42 days) and overall (0-42 days), the performance indices were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by PKHM dietary inclusion. Broiler chicken carcass characteristics and relative internal organ weights remained constant (P>0.05) through diets. The serum glutathione concentration in broiler chickens fed an 8 percent PKHM inclusive diet increased significantly (P<0.05) than those on the control diet and 4 percent PKHM inclusive diet. When broiler chickens fed an 8 percent PKHM inclusive diet were compared to those fed a control diet, the serum catalase concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05). The total serum protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase, and cholesterol levels remained constant (P>0.05) regardless of dietary treatment. Dietary PKHM inclusion of up to 8% enhanced improved feed efficiency and increased antioxidant enzyme concentration and did not affect the serum biochemical indices concentration.Statement of NoveltyKola nut husk is one of the agro-wastes that contributes to environmental deterioration due to its underutilization. The kola nut husk is underutilised in broiler production due to its chemical constitution, minimal nutritional value, and poor digestion. In this research, kola nut husk meal was ash treated and rumen liquor fermented before being integrated at varying levels in the experimental diets and the performance characteristics, antioxidant status, serum protein, enzymes and biochemical were evaluated. The findings of this study could aid in the development of an agro-waste-based, low-cost functional feed for broiler chicks that incorporates the underutilised kola nut husk and other abundant agrowastes as macro-ingredients.

scholarly journals Ingestion of polydextrose increase the iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisvânia Freitas dos Santos ◽  
Kathia Hitomi Tsuboi ◽  
Marina Rachel Araújo ◽  
Mônica Almeida Falconi ◽  
Arthur C. Ouwehand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Partial Gastrectomy ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Billroth Ii ◽  
Billroth Ii Gastrectomy

PURPOSE: To investigate whether polydextrose stimulates iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy and sham operated. METHODS: The rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) or laparotomy (sham-operated control), in groups of 20 and 20 each respectively. The animals were fed with a control diet (AIN-93M) without polydextrose or a diet containing polydextrose (50g/Kg of diet) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups: sham-operated and Billroth II gastrectomy and with or without polydextrose. Two animals died during the experiment. All rats submitted to gastrectomy received B-12 vitamin (intramuscular) each two weeks. The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56 after the beginning of the experimental period. At the end of the study, the blood was collected for determination of serum iron concentration. RESULTS: The diet with polydextrose reduced the excretion of iron. Apparent iron absorption was higher in the polydextrose fed groups than in the control group. The haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were lower after Billroth II gastrectomy rats fed the control diet as compared to the polydextrose diet groups. CONCLUSION: Polydextrose increase iron absorption and prevents postgastrectomy anemia.

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