scholarly journals Utilization of processed kola nut husk meal in poultry production: Effects on the performance, carcass, biochemical indicators, and antioxidant enzymes of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga David Oloruntola
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract This study looked at the effects of processed kola nut husks meal (PKHM) utilization as a feed ingredient on broiler chicken in a 42-day feeding trial. Kola nut pod husks were processed into a PKHM using ash treatment and rumen liquor fermentation. Three experimental diets were developed at both the starter and finisher phases, with PKHM included at 0, 4, and 8%, and dubbed diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In a fully randomised design, 240 Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three treatments (10 birds per replicate). Except for the significantly improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens fed diets 2 and 3 at the grower phase (22-42 days) and overall (0-42 days), the performance indices were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by PKHM dietary inclusion. Broiler chicken carcass characteristics and relative internal organ weights remained constant (P>0.05) through diets. The serum glutathione concentration in broiler chickens fed an 8 percent PKHM inclusive diet increased significantly (P<0.05) than those on the control diet and 4 percent PKHM inclusive diet. When broiler chickens fed an 8 percent PKHM inclusive diet were compared to those fed a control diet, the serum catalase concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05). The total serum protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase, and cholesterol levels remained constant (P>0.05) regardless of dietary treatment. Dietary PKHM inclusion of up to 8% enhanced improved feed efficiency and increased antioxidant enzyme concentration and did not affect the serum biochemical indices concentration.Statement of NoveltyKola nut husk is one of the agro-wastes that contributes to environmental deterioration due to its underutilization. The kola nut husk is underutilised in broiler production due to its chemical constitution, minimal nutritional value, and poor digestion. In this research, kola nut husk meal was ash treated and rumen liquor fermented before being integrated at varying levels in the experimental diets and the performance characteristics, antioxidant status, serum protein, enzymes and biochemical were evaluated. The findings of this study could aid in the development of an agro-waste-based, low-cost functional feed for broiler chicks that incorporates the underutilised kola nut husk and other abundant agrowastes as macro-ingredients.

scholarly journals FEEDING VALUE OF CASHEWNUT TESTA FOR BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
A. J. Adebayo ◽  
O. O. Oduguwa ◽  
W. O. Biobaku
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Carcass Parameters

This study was conducted to investigate the response of broiler chickens to diets containing cashewnut testa (CNT). Two hundred and four (204) day-old unsexed Arboracre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment consisting of three replicates of seventeen chicks each. The treatments consists of a control and three other diets with CNT included at 5, 10, and 15% as a substitute for wheat offal in the control diet. Cashewnut testa had 1.5, 20.0, 54.0, 17.0, 2.0, and 94.5% crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), ether extract (EE), ash and dry matter (DM), respectively. Weight gain was highest (P < 0.05) in birds fed 5% CNT diet (35.24g) while the lowest and feed: gain ratio values. The CP retention and digestible EE, CF, NFE, ash, DM and total digestible nutrient were not significantly (P <0.05) affected by CNT in the diets. The serum metabolites were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the levels of CNT in the diets. Total serum protein increased (P < 0.05) with increasing level of CNT in the diets. Among the carcass parameters measured, breast, neck and back weight were highest (P < 0.05) for 5%CNT diet while abdominal fat, small intestine and large intestine weight increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of CNT in the diets. No significant effect (P > 0.05) in juiciness, flavor intensity, tenderness and off flavor was recorded among the meat samples from the broiler fed the diets. Meat lipid and ash increased (P < 0.05) in the CNT diets. Cost of feed per kg decreased while cost of feed per kg live weight gain increased (P < 0.05) with increasing level of CNT in the diets. It was concluded that 5% CNT could replace wheat offal in broiler diets.

scholarly journals Effect of raw and processed cowpea on growth and heamatological profile of broiler chicken

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
AM Akanji ◽  
OE Fasina ◽  
AM Ogungbesan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study was carried out to look at the utilization of cowpea based diets on performance characteristics and haematology of broiler chickens.  Raw cowpea, dehulled cowpea, dehulled cooked cowpea and dehulled roasted cowpea grains were fed to broiler chickens in an eight week feeding trial. A total of two hundred (200) day old unsexed broiler chicks of Marshall strain were allotted into five dietary treatments.?Feed intake and growth were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in birds fed raw cowpea and dehulled cowpea respectively. The feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER)  also followed a similar pattern. Non significant (P > 0.05) differences were however obtained in weight gain, FCE and PER of birds fed control diet and those fed dehulled cooked cowpea in this study. Birds fed dehulled roasted cowpea also had marginal reductions in weight gain, FCE and PER when compared to those fed dehulled cooked cowpea based diet. The haematological studies showed lower (P < 0.05) values of haemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume and white blood cells of birds fed raw cowpea and dehulled cowpea respectively. The best significant indices in this study were however obtained in birds fed dehulled cooked cowpea.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (1): 62-68

scholarly journals MUCUNA SEED POWDER SUPPLEMENTATION VALUE ON BROILER CHICKENS PERFORMANCE, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES, MEAT CHOLESTEROL, PEROXIDATION, AND SERUM METABOLITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ayodele, S.O. ◽  
Oloruntola, O.D. ◽  
Adeyeye, S.A. ◽  
Jimoh, O. A. ◽  
Falowo, A.B. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

This study examined the effect of Mucuna seed powder (MSP) supplementation on performance, meat, and health status of broiler chickens. A total of 300 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 birds each, as follows: Diet 1 (control), Diet 2 (diet supplemented with 1.1% oxytetracycline, OXYT), Diet 3 (diet with 0.5% MSP), Diet 4 (diet with 1.0% MSP) and Diet 5 (diet with 1.5% MSP). The dietary MSP supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the daily body weight gain of the broiler chickens, compared to those fed the control diet at the starter phase and overall (1-42 days) period of the feeding trial. No significant differences were observed in the measured aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among the treatments. The broiler chicken fed diets supplemented with MSP had higher (P<0.05) total serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase compared to those fed the control diet. The concentration of muscle cholesterol and lipid peroxidation reduced significantly (P<0.05) in the birds fed MSP supplemented diets compared to those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study has shown that MSP can be used up to 1.5% as a potential phytogenic feed supplement in a broiler diet to enhance the growth performance, maintain the carcass traits, boost endogenous antioxidants and reduce meat cholesterol level and lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals Dietary Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zn–Gly Chelate Complex for Mitigating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Growth Parameters, Malondialdehyde, Paraoxonase-1, and Antibody Titer

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Naila Chand ◽  
Rifat Ullah Khan ◽  
Ibrahim A. Alhidary ◽  
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion

A total of 300 day old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were assigned to 30 floor pens (10 birds per pen) under cyclic heat stress. Three diets including a control, as well as two levels of grape seed powder (GSP) and zinc (OZ) at the rates of 2.5 g/kg GSP + 50 mg/kg OZ and 5 g/kg GSP + 50 mg/kg OZ, were supplied to the broilers for 35 days. According to the results, broiler feed intake improved (p < 0.05) in GSP + OZ groups from 3–5 weeks and on an overall basis compared to the control diet. Body weight increased (p < 0.05) in GSP-5 + OZ-50 during weeks 2–5 and on an overall basis. The findings indicated that feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (p < 0.05) during week 5 in broilers supplemented with GSP-5 + OZ-50. The antibody titer (HI) against Newcastle disease (ND) was higher (p < 0.05) in GSP + OZ groups compared to control treatment. The value of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (p < 0.05) under GSP + OZ diets compared to control. Moreover, paraoxonase (PON1) was higher (p < 0.05) in GSP + OZ groups compared to untreated broilers. In conclusion, GSP + OZ positively supported growth traits, reduced MDA, and augmented PON1 and HI titer against ND in broilers exposed to heat stress.

scholarly journals Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Richards ◽  
Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Karishma Asiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Key Species

ABSTRACTImprovements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production. Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to a calorie-matched control diet. Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundance ofLactobacillusspp. Increased levels ofL. johnsoniiin GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense ofL. crispatuswas linked to improved performance (growth rate and market weight). Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal IL-17A gene expression counterposed to a decrease in IL-10 and IL-17F. Quantification of the autochthonousLactobacillusssp. revealed a correlation between bird performance andL. johnsoniiabundance. Shifts in the cecal populations of keyLactobacillusspp. of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge.IMPORTANCEImprovements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations whilst mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production, which can be incorporated in the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance. This study investigates the key mechanisms behind this progression and pin pointsL. johnsoniias a key species that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health. It also relates the role of the innate immune system in the response to the GOS diet.

Haematological and serological response of broiler chickens to varying levels of direct fed microbes as feed additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. A. Ekine
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Intestinal Immunity

Several efforts are being made to find the possibilities of utilizing Direct fed microbes (DFM) that has a potential to replace antibiotics as a result of its ability to prevent internal colonization of enteropathogenic enzymes, stimulate intestinal immunity of broiler chickens and reduce stress in animals. A studywas conducted using 120, one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks to evaluate blood and serum chemistry response to direct fed microbes. The broiler chicks were obtained from a reputable hatchery and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each with three replicates of ten birds per treatment. The treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4, with levels of inclusion of direct fed microbes (DFM) at 0, 2.5, 5% and 7.5%, respectively. The birds were assigned to these treatment diets, feed and water was given ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment which lasted for 56 days. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected from the chickens and taken to the laboratory for haematological and serum chemistry analysis. The haematological characteristics of the broiler chickens showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) in haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). The WBC portrayed decreasing trend as the level of DFM increased, also the Hb, MCV and MCH portrayed an increasing trend as the DFM increased in the treatment diet up to the 5% inclusion level. The serum chemistry result shows that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in total serum protein and globulin whereas no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in serum albumin, glucose, urea and creatinine. It could be concluded that fed diet 2 containing 2.5% DFM performed better as they compete favourably with the control. Broiler chickenss fed diet 2 also had a balanced physiological system

scholarly journals Betaine and Antioxidants Improve Growth Performance, Breast Muscle Development and Ameliorate Thermoregulatory Responses to Cyclic Heat Exposure in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shakeri ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell ◽  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
Mitchell Ringuet ◽  
John Furness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Weight

Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.03) during rearing period (0–42 day). BET increased ADG (p = 0.001) and decreased FCR (p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001) and increased by BET (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS (p < 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS (p < 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS (p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on permeability whereas BET increased jejunum permeability (p = 0.013). Overall, the reductions in ADG of broiler chickens during HS were ameliorated by supplementation with BET, with much of the increase in ADG being breast muscle.

scholarly journals Haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed roselle seed (Hibiscus sabdariffa l.) cake based diet as replacement for soyabean meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
J. C. Ezike ◽  
W. Amaduruonye ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
G. Daniel-Igwe,
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Feeding trial experiment was carried out to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens fed graded levels of Roselle Seed Cake (RSC) as replacement of a conventional protein source. Proximate composition was done to determine the nutrient content of RSC and experimental diets. The experiment contained graded levels of RSC replacing soya bean cake (SBC). One hundred and twenty (120) day old Ross broiler chickens were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The broiler chicks were assigned to five dietary treatments with three replicates each with 8 birds per replicate and 24 birds per treatment. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated for the broiler straight diet. Diet 1 served asthe control diet while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 8%, 16%, 24% and 32% RSC respectively. Data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance and the mean was separated using Duncan multiple range test. The findings from the study showed that there were no significant (P?0.05) differences in all the parameters measured for haematology across dietary treatment means except for the white blood cell. The blood biochemical composition showed no significant (P?0.05) differences in total protein, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and creatinine across dietary treatments. RSC as an alternative feedstuff can replace soya bean cake at 24% in the diet of broiler chickens for improved haematological and blood biochemical of broilers. Roselle seed cake can replace SBC at the broiler chicken straight ration at 75% (24% dietary RSC) inclusion for better performance.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanosilica and Bentonite as Mycotoxins Adsorbent Agent in Broiler Chickens’ Diet on Growth Performance and Hepatic Histopathology

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Ghazalah ◽  
Mamduh O. Abd-Elsamee ◽  
Kout Elkloub M. E. Moustafa ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrazik Khattab ◽  
Abd-Elrahim A. A. Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hepatic Histopathology

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by different strains of fungi, such as aspergillus, fusarium, and penicillium that can contaminate feed ingredients or the entire feed of poultry and animals. Mycotoxins can cause many serious complications to both humans and animals due to carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive disorders. Therefore, the present experiment aims to investigate the effect of broiler chickens’ diets supplemented with different levels of nanosilica (NS) as an adsorbent agent of mycotoxins on their growth performance and hepatic histopathology. Detectable levels of toxins were present in the feed before feeding, and all levels of mycotoxins were above the normal limit. A total of 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens were allocated randomly to six treatment groups with three replicates per group, including ten chickens per replicate. The experiment lasted for five weeks, and dietary treatments included control diet and diets with four levels of nanosilica as 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% as well as 0.50% bentonite (fixfin® Dry) diet. Bodyweight, body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly. At the end of the fifth week, six chickens per treatment were sacrificed to investigate the effects of NS and bentonite on carcass characteristics and hepatic histopathology. The results showed that providing broiler chickens’ diets with an adsorbent agent, such as NS or bentonite, can reduce the side effects of mycotoxins and enhance their growth performance. The best record was achieved with NS at 0.20%, compared with the control group and other dietary treatment groups. Accordingly, 0.20% of NS could be used in broiler chickens’ diets to minimize the harmful effects of mycotoxins.

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