scholarly journals Reduction of energy requirements of steers fed on low-quality-roughage diets using trenbolone acetate

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
J. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
The Difference

1. Six steers implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and six steers not implanted were fed on low protein, low-quality-roughage dietsad lib.in two experiments. The steers were Hereford (Bos taurus) × Brahman (Bos indicus) crossbreds (50:50), initially of about 400 kg mean live weight (LW). In the first experiment of 8 weeks duration roughage was given alone. In the second experiment of 6 weeks duration the diet was supplemented with 100 g urea and 4.6 g sulphur daily. The same steers were implanted in each experiment. At the conclusion of each experiment metabolic rate was measured after a 72 h fast.2. In the first experiment control and implanted steers had similar rates of LW loss (0.57 and 0.59 kg/d respectively). Implanted steers had significantly (P < 0.01) lower feed intakes (12.8v.10.9 g dry matter (DM)/kg LW), significantly (P < 0.01) lower fasting metabolic rates even after adjustment for intake (83.3v. 74.5 kJ/kg per d) and significantly (P < 0.01) lower plasma insulin concentrations (24v.19 μunits/ml). Differences in plasma concentrations of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), non-esterified fatty acids and urea-nitrogen were not significant.3. In the second experiment intake of the supplement diet was similar in both control and trenbolene acetate treated steers (19.5 and 20.0 g DM/kg LW respectively). LW gains were 0.23 and 0.41 kg/d for control and implanted steers respectively, the difference being s ignificant (P < 0.05). Fasting metabolic rate (76.9v.70.7 kJ/kg per d) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in implanted steers.

Food intake, eating rate, weight gains, metabolic rate and efficiency of feed utilization in Bos taurus and Bos indicus crossbred cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch ◽  
J. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYFood intake, eating rate, weight change and fasting metabolic rate were measured on 12 animals of each of the following breed-types: Hereford × Shorthorn (HS), Brahman × HS (BX) and Africander × HS (AX). Measurements were made on ad libitum and fixed levels of lucerne and ad libitum and fixed levels of low-quality tropical pasture hay (approx. 1·2% N) during feeding periods of about 100 days' duration.The BX and AX were heavier and either gained more weight or lost less weight than the HS on all diets. At feeding levels close to maintenance, which included the ad libitum pasture hay diet, adjustment for differences in either live weight or intake did not alter the unadjusted ranking of the breeds. On ad libitum lucerne, however, adjustment for either weight or intake showed higher gain in the HS than in the BX. The voluntary food intake per kg live weight was consistently and significantly highest for the HS and lowest for the BX. Rates of eating were not significantly different for the different breed-types but they were higher for high-quality lucerne and for the lower level of feeding. Fasting metabolic rate per kg live weight was highest for the HS and lowest for the BX; the difference between the breeds varied with the previous dietary treatment. The ratio of voluntary food intake to fasting metabolism was practically constant between breeds and animals within breeds, though different between diets.Correlations for animals within breeds and years between the various parameters within diets and between diets are presented.

Whole-body and tissue protein synthesis in steers losing weight on a low-protein roughage diet: the effect of trenbolone acetate

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
T. Magner
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

SUMMARYSix Brahman (Bos indicus) steers implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and six similar nonimplanted steers were fed a low-quality, low-protein roughage diet at 10 g dry matter/kg live weight. They were housed in individual pens for 27 days in 1987 before being placed in metabolism crates for measurement of digestibility, nitrogen retention, and the rate of protein synthesis in the whole body and fractional rate in three muscles and hide.The rate of weight loss of steers treated with trenbolone acetate was significantly (P < 0·05) less than that of controls (–0·34 v. –0·56 kg/day). Treated steers excreted significantly (P < 0·05) less 3-methylhistidine (128 v. 202 μmol) and urea N (0·5 v. 1·6 g/day) in urine. There was a more favourable nitrogen retention in animals implanted with trenbolone acetate (–10 v. –12g/day) but this difference was not significant.Whole-body protein synthesis, calculated from plasma leucine flux, was 511 and 508 g/day in treated and control steers, respectively. Treatment also had no significant effect on the fractional rate of protein synthesis, in skeletal muscle or in hide. The fractional rate of synthesis in muscle was < 1%/day and in hide < 2%/day. These results are discussed in relation to the protein and energy metabolism of undernourished cattle.

Daily rhythm of NaCl intake in rats fed low-Ca2+ diet: relation to plasma and urinary minerals and hormones

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. R505-R517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tordoff ◽  
A. Okiyama
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Plasma Osmolarity ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plasma Phosphorus

To assess daily rhythms of salt appetite, we measured spontaneous 300 mM NaCl intake of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet containing 150 or 25 mmol Ca2+/kg. Both groups drank most NaCl at night, but, as the dark period progressed, intakes of controls remained constant or diminished, whereas intakes of rats fed low-Ca2+ diet increased. During the late dark period, when the difference in NaCl intake between the two dietary groups was greatest, rats fed a low-Ca2+ diet lost more corticosterone and sodium in urine, had lower plasma osmolarity, and had higher plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations than did controls. Over the 24-h cycle, rats fed the low-Ca2+ diet excreted less Ca2+ and more corticosterone in urine than did controls. They also had consistently lower plasma concentrations of Ca2+ and renin activity and consistently higher plasma phosphorus, arginine vasopressin, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These findings support the hypothesis that salt appetite induced by dietary Ca2+ deficiency involves a subtle dysfunction of the ACTH-corticosterone axis, but they also raise several other possibilities.

The effect of treadmill slope on the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in cattle walking on treadmills

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Heart

SummaryTwo steers (Bos indicus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus) were acclimatized to an ambient temperature of 30 °C before working at this temperature on two treadmills (gradients 0 and 6°) for 2 h (one on each treadmill) whilst carrying a load equivalent to 10% of body weight. The study was then repeated at an ambient temperature of 15 °C. The effect of variation between animals, ambient temperature and rate of energy expenditure were tested on the linear regression model EEw = A PHR + B (where EEw is the energy expenditure (w/kg0·75) and PHR is the percentage increase of working heart rate over resting heart rate).Animal and ambient temperature had no significant effect on the model. The gradient of the regression line was significantly greater (P < 0·01) when the animals were expending energy at the higher rate (about 30 W/kg live weight0·75) than when they were expending energy at the lower rate (about 14 W/kg live weight0·75).

scholarly journals Follicular dynamic and repeatability of follicular wave development in Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imron ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
. Amrozi ◽  
Mohamad Agus Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

<p class="abstrak2">Superovulation treatment on PO cattle (Bos indicus) was less responsive compared to Bos taurus breed. It might due to the difference of their follicular dynamic. This study was conducted to investigate the follicular dynamics and its repeatability in PO cattle. Follicular dynamics observations conducted on 9 cows trough ultrasound scanning every day. Observations of wave patterns repeatability were performed in 6 cows which its wave pattern already known on the next consecutive IOI.  Research result indicated that PO cattle had 3 (66%) and 4-waves (34%) pattern. The first wave of 3 and 4-waves pattern emerged on day -0.4+0.9 and 1.4+1.1 respectively.  The second wave of 3 and 4-wave pattern emerged on day 9.8+1.5 and 7.4+1.9 respectively.  The pattern of 3 waves has a longer follicle dominant duration (11.6+1.5 day) in the first wave of estrous cycle, compared with 4 waves pattern (10+2.92 and 7+1.00 day respectively). The growth rate of dominant follicle was not different significantly between the 3 and 4-waves pattern (0.87+0.23 and 0.94+0.25 mm/day respectively). Similarly, ovulatory follicle diameter between 3 and 4-waves pattern was also not different significantly (12.24+12.34 and 12.30+12.23 mm respectively). Observation of wave patterns repeatability in 6 PO cows indicated that PO cattle had high repeatability in follicular wave pattern (0.88) and the number of growing follicle was 0.91.  This study resulted data for dynamic of follicular development, wave pattern, its repeatability which be expected to design the protocol of superovulation treatment or other reproduction technologies based on follicular dynamic to improve its result in PO cattle.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A supplementation study in human subjects with a combination ofmeso-zeaxanthin, (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Thurnham ◽  
Aurélie Trémel ◽  
Alan N. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Chiral Column ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

We measured the blood uptake ofmeso-zeaxanthin (MZ) from a mixture of macular pigments since its bioavailability in man has not been studied. Volunteers (ten men and nine women) were recruited and received one capsule of Lutein Plus®/d. Blood was taken at baseline, day 10 and day 22. One capsule contained 10·8 mg lutein, 1·2 mg (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin and 8·0 mg MZ. Plasma lutein and total zeaxanthin concentrations were quantified using isocratic liquid chromatography and the eluting xanthophyll fractions were collected and re-chromatographed on a chiral column to assess the proportion of MZ. Plasma concentrations per mg dose at day 22 suggested that (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin (0·088 μmol/l per mg) was about 50 % more actively retained by the body than lutein (0·056 μmol/l per mg) (although the difference was not significant in women) and 2·5–3·0 times more than MZ (0·026 μmol/l per mg). Concentrations of MZ at day 22 were 2·5 times higher in women than men. The plasma responses from lutein and (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin in the Lutein Plus®were lower than literature values for the pure substances. That is, their uptake into plasma appeared to be slightly depressed by the presence of MZ. Plasma concentrations of β-carotene were depressed by about 50 % at day 10 and about 35 % at day 22. In conclusion, the lower plasma response to MZ compared with (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin probably indicates that MZ is less well absorbed than (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin but work with pure MZ will be needed to confirm that the lower plasma response was not due to the large amount of lutein in the Lutein Plus®.

scholarly journals Undernutrition in sheep. Nitrogen repletion by N-depleted sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
N. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Treatment ◽  
N Requirement

1. Wether lambs of 29–44 kg live-weight, totally nourished by the infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) into the rumen and casein into the abomasum, were given five treatments in consecutive periods. The treatments were (daily amounts per kg live weight (W)0.75): (a) high-protein for 7 d (2500 mg nitrogen, 650 kJ VFA); (b) low-protein for 7–15 d (525 mg N, 650 kJ VFA); (c) N-free for 7 d (no N, 450 kJ VFA); (d) very-low-protein for 24–28 d (300 mg N, 400 kJ VFA); (e) high-protein for 40 d (2500 mg N, 650 kJ VFA). Nine lambs were subjected to treatments (a), (b) and (c) (Expt 1) and four of the lambs additionally received treatments (d) and (e) (Expt 2).2. In Expt 1 all nine lambs had a positive N retention on treatment (a) but abrupt change to treatment (b) resulted in substantial negative N balances initially, and a period of approximately 5 d adaptation was required before N equilibrium was re-established. Animals again exhibited negative N balances when the N-free infusion (treatment c) was introduced and during that period there was no evidence of adaptation. Basal urinary N excretion was estimated to be 356 (SE 12) mg N/kg W0.75.3. In Expt 2 all four lambs were depleted of N when receiving the very-low-protein treatment (d). The progressively decreasing N losses recorded during days 1 to 12 of the treatment period were slightly greater than those recorded during days 13 to 28 but the difference between the means was not significant (P > 0.05). There was no evidence of an adaptation in N retention between days 13 and 28 of the treatment. As assessed during days 13 to 28 of the treatment the efficiency of utilization of infused casein N was 1.0; this compared with a value of 0.66 recorded during treatment (b) in Expt 1. Live weight loss during the period of N depletion was 101 (SE 27) g/d.4. When lambs were given treatment (e) during the last period of Expt 2, N repletion was rapid and complete within a few days. Ten days after the introduction of the treatment the rate of N retention was estimated to be 1019 (SE 38) mg/kg W0.75 per d and this value declined at a rate of 9.5 (SE 1.9) mg N/kg W0.76 per d for the following 30 d. In comparison, N retention determined for the high-protein treatment in Expt 1 was 724 (SE 66) mg N/kg W0.75 per d. Live-weight gains during N repletion were 292 (SE 26) g/d.5. It is concluded that N-depleted lambs can replete rapidly and that enhanced N accretion (compensatory growth) may persist for 4–5 weeks. If the improved efficiency of utilization of infused N observed during N depletion reflects a changed basal N requirement, the validity of simple factorial systems for estimating N requirement is called into question.

scholarly journals 378 Awardee Talk - Impact of fetal versus maternal contributions of Bos indicus and Bos taurus genetics on embryonic and fetal development

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Pedro Levy Piza Fontes ◽  
Nicola Oosthuizen ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
Luara Bertelli Canal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Embryonic And Fetal Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Abstract To evaluate how the inclusion of Bos indicus genotype influences early fetal development in cattle, a reciprocal embryo transfer approach was used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments in order to generate 55 pregnancies (n = 55). Recipient cows were randomly assigned to 1) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT), or 2) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Angus (AN) and Brangus (BN) embryo donors were superovulated and artificially inseminated with female sexed-sorted semen from the same breed. Embryos were then randomly transferred to either AN or BN recipients fed their respective diets for 28d. Recipients remained on the dietary scheme until d91 of gestation, and were then comingled and fed a common diet that met their requirements. Measurements included pregnancy establishment at d28 of gestation, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG; using 2 commercial [A1 and A2] and 1 in-house assay), and fetal size (CRL). Recipients in the RESTR diet had lower BW and BCS (diet×day; P &lt; 0.01) than MAINT recipients. Energy-restricted AN recipients experienced greater (recipient breed×diet, P &lt; 0.01) pregnancy failure by d28 than the other recipient breed × diet combinations. Restricted recipients that received AN embryos experienced greater pregnancy failure than RESTR recipients receiving BN embryos (embryo breed×diet; P = 0.03). Brangus embryos resulted in greater plasma concentrations of PAG in both A1 (embryo breed×day, P &lt; 0.01) and A2 (embryo breed P &lt; 0.01). Alternatively, recipients that received AN embryos had greater plasma concentrations of PAG for the in-house assay (embryo breed×day; P &lt; 0.01). In addition, fetuses from AN recipients had greater CRL on d91 (breed×day, P &lt; 0.01). In summary, Bos taurus cows experienced greater pregnancy failure when nutrient restricted. Furthermore, fetal size and profile of PAG production during early gestation differed between Bos indicus-influenced and Bos taurus cattle.

Physiological reasons for heterosis in growth of Bos indicus × Bos taurus

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Weight Gains

SummaryBy comparing growth rates of Brahman (B), Hereford × Shorthorn (HS), their reciprocal F1, hybrid (F1BX), their Fn hybrid (FnBX) and an F1 Charolais × Brahman hybrid (Fl CH x B) in environments that differed in their levels of stresses that affected growth, it was shown that heterosis for growth realized in any environment arose because of heterosis in its underlying determinants, namely growth potential and resistance to environmental stresses. Growth potential of the F1 BX was similar to that of the better parent (HS) whilst resistance to environmental stresses was similar to or approached that of the more resistant parent (B). This combination of high growth potential and high resistance to environmental stresses enabled the F1 BX to outgain both parents at all levels of environmental stress above zero. However, some or all of the heterosis in both growth potential and resistance to environmental stresses was lost in the Fn BX. Thus, although previous selection for increased live-weight gain should have favoured the Fn BX, they realized lower live-weight gains than the Fl BX in all environments and lower live-weight gains than the parental breeds in all but intermediate environments.Because the breeds differed in both determinants of growth, the magnitude of estimates of heterosis for realized growth was dependent on the environment in which it was measured. A figure depicting this interaction was constructed.Comparative estimates were also made of the rate of approach to sexual maturity of bulls of each breed. The F1 BX had similar values to the better parent (HS) for both scrotal circumference and plasma testosterone concentrations. However, the Fn BX had values that were intermediate to those of the parental breeds.Generally, gains of the -F, CH × B exceeded those of all other breeds in all environments but their rate of approach to sexual maturity was slower than that of the F1 BX.

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