scholarly journals 378 Awardee Talk - Impact of fetal versus maternal contributions of Bos indicus and Bos taurus genetics on embryonic and fetal development

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Pedro Levy Piza Fontes ◽  
Nicola Oosthuizen ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
Luara Bertelli Canal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Embryonic And Fetal Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Abstract To evaluate how the inclusion of Bos indicus genotype influences early fetal development in cattle, a reciprocal embryo transfer approach was used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments in order to generate 55 pregnancies (n = 55). Recipient cows were randomly assigned to 1) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT), or 2) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Angus (AN) and Brangus (BN) embryo donors were superovulated and artificially inseminated with female sexed-sorted semen from the same breed. Embryos were then randomly transferred to either AN or BN recipients fed their respective diets for 28d. Recipients remained on the dietary scheme until d91 of gestation, and were then comingled and fed a common diet that met their requirements. Measurements included pregnancy establishment at d28 of gestation, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG; using 2 commercial [A1 and A2] and 1 in-house assay), and fetal size (CRL). Recipients in the RESTR diet had lower BW and BCS (diet×day; P < 0.01) than MAINT recipients. Energy-restricted AN recipients experienced greater (recipient breed×diet, P < 0.01) pregnancy failure by d28 than the other recipient breed × diet combinations. Restricted recipients that received AN embryos experienced greater pregnancy failure than RESTR recipients receiving BN embryos (embryo breed×diet; P = 0.03). Brangus embryos resulted in greater plasma concentrations of PAG in both A1 (embryo breed×day, P < 0.01) and A2 (embryo breed P < 0.01). Alternatively, recipients that received AN embryos had greater plasma concentrations of PAG for the in-house assay (embryo breed×day; P < 0.01). In addition, fetuses from AN recipients had greater CRL on d91 (breed×day, P < 0.01). In summary, Bos taurus cows experienced greater pregnancy failure when nutrient restricted. Furthermore, fetal size and profile of PAG production during early gestation differed between Bos indicus-influenced and Bos taurus cattle.

Effect of undernutrition and refeeding on digestion in Bos taurus and Bos indicus in a tropical environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grimaud ◽  
D. Richard ◽  
A. Kanwé ◽  
C. Durier ◽  
M. Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Particle Retention ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Energy Maintenance

AbstractThe effect of underfeeding and ref eeding on digestion was studied in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cows. Eight nonlactating cows, four B. taurus and four B. indicus (live weight 156 kg and 207 kg respectively) were first given a forage-based diet at a level above energy maintenance requirements for 4 weeks (3·65 and 4·66 kg dry matter (DM) per day respectively for B. taurus and B. indicus). They were then restricted at a low level of intake for 2 months (1·83 and 2·33 kg DM per day respectively for B. taurus and B. indicus) and finally refed at the first level for 2 months. Digestion measurements were made before the underfeeding period, at 3 and 8 weeks of underfeeding and at 3 and 8 weeks ofref eeding. Organic matter apparent digestibility decreased with underfeeding and increased with refeeding (0·637, 0·591, 0·652, 0·692 and 0·669 in B. taurus and 0·674, 0·560, 0·580, 0·698 and 0·692 in B. indicus, respectively 1 week before, 3 and 8 weeks after underfeeding, and 3 and 8 weeks after refeeding). This lower apparent digestibility at low level of intake was not expected either by ruminal particle retention time, which increased when intake decreased, or by measurements ofmicrobial activity: DM degradability measured in situ and ruminal particle size did not vary with level of intake. An effect of the length of underfeeding and refeeding was seen: the apparent digestibility tended to increase after several weeks of undernutrition and was higher after refeeding than before underfeeding. No difference was observed between the two genotypes.

Reducing calcium and phosphorus in crossbred beef cattle diets: impacts on productive performance during the growing and finishing phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Prados ◽  
S. C. Valadares Filho ◽  
S. A. Santos ◽  
D. Zanetti ◽  
A. N. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty 3/4 Bos indicus × 1/4 Bos taurus bulls (initial bodyweight = 214 ± 4 kg; 11 ± 0.2 months) were used in the study. Four bulls were slaughtered as reference and the other 36 bulls were allowed ad libitum consumption of treatment diets following a completely randomised 3 × 3 factorial design. The design included three diet concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P): standard, 50% of standard, and 75% of standard and three periods of feedlot confinement: 8, 16, and 24 weeks with four bulls per treatment combination. The diets were isonitrogenous and consisted of 60 : 40 corn silage to concentrate. Dry matter intake, crude protein, ether extract, organic matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, Ca, and P, expressed as kg/day, were greater (P < 0.05) for bulls confined for longer periods. Nutrient digestibility and average daily gain was not affected (P > 0.05) by Ca and P concentration of diet or by feedlot phase. Dressing were decreased (P < 0.05) for bulls that remained in confinement for a shorter period. The daily maintenance requirements of Ca and P were 13.66 and 21.51 mg/kg empty bodyweight, respectively, and the absorption coefficients of Ca and P were 0.70 and 0.67, respectively. We concluded that for crossbred cattle in the feedlot, dietary levels of Ca and P recommended by BR-CORTE (2010), NRC (2000), and AFRC (1991) could be reduced by 62%, 66%, and 57%, respectively, for Ca and by 14%, 15%, and 43%, respectively, for P with significant savings in costs. This study shows that Ca and P can be reduced to 1.8 and 2.2 g/kg DM respectively, in the diets for crossbred cattle in feedlot.

scholarly journals A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bowen ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. McLennan ◽  
V. J. Doogan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Estimates of microbial crude protein (MCP) production by ruminants, using a method based on the excretion of purine derivatives in urine, require an estimate of the excretion of endogenous purine derivatives (PD) by the animal. Current methods allocate a single value to all cattle. An experiment was carried out to compare the endogenous PD excretion in Bos taurus and high-content B. indicus (hereafter, B. indicus) cattle. Five Holstein–Friesian (B. taurus) and 5 Brahman (> 75% B. indicus) steers (mean liveweight 326 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a fasting study. Steers were fed a low-quality buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris; 59.4 g crude protein/kg dry matter) hay at estimated maintenance requirements for 19 days, after which hay intake was incrementally reduced for 2 days and the steers were fasted for 7 days. The excretion of PD in urine was measured daily for the last 6 days of the fasting period and the mean represented the daily endogenous PD excretion. Excretion of endogenous PD in the urine of B. indicus steers was less than half that of the B. taurus steers (190 µmol/kg W0.75.day v. 414 µmol/kg W0.75.day; combined s.e. 37.2 µmol/kg W0.75.day; P < 0.001). It was concluded that the use of a single value for endogenous PD excretion is inappropriate for use in MCP estimations and that subspecies-specific values would improve precision.

Food intake and live-weight gain comparisons of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers on a high plane of nutrition

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rogerson ◽  
H. P. Ledger ◽  
G. H. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Maturity Degree

1. The voluntary dry-matter and water intakes of indigenous and exotic cattle on high plane rations have been compared under similar conditions of management.2. At similar live weights, exotic cattle have a much higher feed intake relative to maintenance than indigenous cattle.3. Water intake was closely related to dry-matter intake, irrespective of live weight, and varied only very slightly between the two types of cattle.4. Exotic cattle were more than twice as efficient as indigenous cattle in converting feed into live-weight gain. It is suggested that this is largely a reflection of the increased feed intake, relative to maintenance requirements.5. Stage of maturity, degree of fatness and their relation to conversion efficiency are discussed.

scholarly journals Performance and serum parameters of calves (Bos taurus) subject to milk restriction associated with supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosiane F Brito ◽  
Aldi F S França ◽  
Aline P Pansani ◽  
Carlos H de Castro ◽  
Diego B Colugnati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Compensatory Gain

Abstract Our aim, with this study was to evaluate the consumption, performance, quantitative characteristics of carcasses, biochemical profile, plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin, expression of the receptor for ghrelin (GHS-R1a) in the hypothalamus and duodenum, and the number of goblet cells in the duodenum of calves subjected to milk volume restriction and supplemented with 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoate acid (HMTBa). We used 21 Holstein-mixed breed calves, aged between 3 and 15 days with an average weight of 36.8 kg, and housed in pens with troughs for hay, concentrate, and water. The study included two consecutive experimental periods (P1 and P2) of 21 days each, with seven days of adaptation to the diet and facilities. The calves were distributed in a completely randomized design in three treatments with seven repetitions. 1 - Control: 6 L of milk/day during P1 and 6 L of milk/day during P2; 2 – RES (milk restriction): 3 L of milk/day during P1 and 6 L of milk/day during P2; 3 - RES + HMTBa: 3 L of milk/day during P1 and 6 L of milk/day during P2 + 3.3 g of HMTBa/day in both periods. HMTBa was supplied in milk, and the amount of concentrated ration and hay provided and leftovers were recorded daily to estimate dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) consumption. Mean daily weight gain (DWG), final weight (FW), and feed conversion (FC) were obtained at the beginning and at the end of each 21-day period. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin and leptin, triglycerides, total protein, urea, lactate, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol were measured for P1 and P2 at the end of each 21-day period. At the end of P2 animals were slaughtered; sections of the duodenum were collected to evaluate the expression of GHS-R1a and quantity of goblet cells; hypothalamus was used to evaluate the expression of GHS-R1a; rumen was used to evaluate the thickness of epithelium, keratin, density, and height and width of ruminal papillae. In P1, total DM consumption, FW, DWG, glucose and triglycerides were lower in the RES and RES+HMTBa groups (P &lt; 0.001). In P2, there was an improvement in the FC of the RES+HMTBa group (compared to Control and RES) and a lower urea concentration in the RES group (compared to Control and RES+HMTBa) (P &lt; 0.001). No differences were observed among groups regarding hormonal concentrations, histological parameters, and GHS-R1a expression in the duodenum and hypothalamus. Therefore, milk restriction combined with HMTBa supplementation promoted greater compensatory gain by a mechanism independent of changes in GHS-R1a expression and hormone levels of ghrelin and leptin.

scholarly journals Reduction of energy requirements of steers fed on low-quality-roughage diets using trenbolone acetate

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
J. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
The Difference

1. Six steers implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and six steers not implanted were fed on low protein, low-quality-roughage dietsad lib.in two experiments. The steers were Hereford (Bos taurus) × Brahman (Bos indicus) crossbreds (50:50), initially of about 400 kg mean live weight (LW). In the first experiment of 8 weeks duration roughage was given alone. In the second experiment of 6 weeks duration the diet was supplemented with 100 g urea and 4.6 g sulphur daily. The same steers were implanted in each experiment. At the conclusion of each experiment metabolic rate was measured after a 72 h fast.2. In the first experiment control and implanted steers had similar rates of LW loss (0.57 and 0.59 kg/d respectively). Implanted steers had significantly (P < 0.01) lower feed intakes (12.8v.10.9 g dry matter (DM)/kg LW), significantly (P < 0.01) lower fasting metabolic rates even after adjustment for intake (83.3v. 74.5 kJ/kg per d) and significantly (P < 0.01) lower plasma insulin concentrations (24v.19 μunits/ml). Differences in plasma concentrations of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), non-esterified fatty acids and urea-nitrogen were not significant.3. In the second experiment intake of the supplement diet was similar in both control and trenbolene acetate treated steers (19.5 and 20.0 g DM/kg LW respectively). LW gains were 0.23 and 0.41 kg/d for control and implanted steers respectively, the difference being s ignificant (P < 0.05). Fasting metabolic rate (76.9v.70.7 kJ/kg per d) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in implanted steers.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes affecting adipocyte differentiation in cattle

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuili Pan ◽  
Zhaoxiong Lei ◽  
Shuzhe Wang ◽  
Xingping Wang ◽  
Dawei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. Results We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Hybrid Bos indicus, Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis. Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets. Conclusion In this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.

Expression of candidate genes for residual feed intake in tropically adapted Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls under thermoneutral and heat stress environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 102998
Author(s):  
Bianca Vilela Pires ◽  
Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza ◽  
Luara Afonso de Freitas ◽  
Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽  
Ester Silveira Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Residual Feed Intake

scholarly journals 71 Effects of timing of supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on post-weaning growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of steer progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Vinicius Gouvea ◽  
Rhaiza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain

Abstract This study evaluated the growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of beef steers born to cows offered dried distillers grains (DDG) at different timing during late gestation. Approximately 84 d before calving (d 0), 84 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (422 ± 42 kg; 5.0 ± 0.14) and allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures: 1) no prepartum supplementation (CON); 2) 1 kg/d DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84); or 3) 2 kg/d from d 0 to 42 (LATE42). Calves were weaned at 261 ± 23 d of age. At weaning, 38 steers were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and transported to a feedlot facility. Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture distribution and fed a similar diet until slaughter (d 587). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Steer feedlot BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON steers 2 d after feedlot entry. Plasma cortisol and seroconversion for BVDV-1 and PI-3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.13), but carcasses grading low Choice were greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. LATE42, with LATE84 being intermediate (91, 40, and 58%, respectively). Thus, prepartum dried distillers grain supplementation to B. indicus-influenced cows did not enhance feedlot growth but had subtle positive impacts on carcass quality and innate immunity in steer progeny. In addition, timing of dried distillers grain supplementation (last 84 d vs. first 42 d of late gestation) did not impact steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality.

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