Age-related association of small intestinal mucosal enteropathy with nutritional status in rural Gambian children

Small bowel enteropathy (assessed by the lactulose (L): mannitol (M) permeability test) is a major factor in infant growth faltering and malnutrition in The Gambia. However, little is known about its persistence and nutritional effect beyond 2 years of age. This was addressed by two cross-sectional studies of intestinal permeability and nutritional status in 162 residents, aged 2–60 years, living in three villages in rural Gambia. L:M ratio was found to be highest in the youngest children and although there was a significant improvement with age (P<0·0001), values were always greater than the range found in UK counterparts. M recovery (mean value 5·68 (SE 0·12)%) was at all times between one-third and one-half of expected UK values and showed no improvement with age. Gut barrier function, assessed by L uptake, improved with age (P<0·001) and fell within the UK normal range beyond age 10 years. Both the L:M permeability ratio and L recovery were significantly associated with height-for-age z-scores (r−0·31 and −0·22 respectively, P<0·001), a relationship that persisted throughout childhood and into adulthood. Change in height-for-age z-score beween the two visits was also related to the L:M ratio (r−0·24, P=0·018). The close within-subject correlation of permeability variabilities between the two visits suggests a long-term persistence of enteropathy within individuals. It appears that the small bowel enteropathy previously described in Gambian infants persists through to adulthood. Although the lesion improves with age, the relationship between attained height and L:M permeability raises the possibility that enteropathy may continue to limit growth throughout childhood and puberty.

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Nutritional Status in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Prevalence and Its Associated Factors

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi38.1-2.1998.38-46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1-2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Rafner Lndra ◽

Tina Christina L Tobing ◽

Ahmad Dian Siregar ◽

Abdullah Afif Siregar ◽

Endang D Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Height For Age

A cross sectional study was undertaken on 58 children (age range 4 months-15 years) With congenital heart disease (CHD) and in controls of 58 subjects without CHD. The study was performed by anthropometric examination, history of acute respiratory tract infection, dietary intake, simple laboratory examination and type and severity of CHD were recorded. There were significant differences in: 1. Nutritional status between patients With CHD and without CHD (p<0.001). 2. Frequency of acute respiratory tract infection between patients with CHD and without CHD (p<0.001). 3. Duration of each episode of acute respiratory tract infection between patients with CHD and without CHD (p<0.05). 4. Calorie and protein intakes between patients with CHD and without CHD (p<0.005). Type of CHD (cyanotic and non-cyanotic) was significantly associated with nutritional status based on height for age among patients with CHD (p<0.01). However, there was no siignificant association between the presence or absence of heart failure with nutritional status among patients with CHD. In conclusion, there were Significantly differences of nutritional status, frequency/duration of acute respiratory tract infection, calories and protein intake between patients with CHD and without CHD. Type of CHD (cyanotic and non-cyanotic) was significantly associated with nutritional status based on height for age.

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A comparison of nutritional status of rural and urban adolescent girls from schools in North India: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181712 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1996

Author(s):

Neha Goyal

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

North India ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Z Scores ◽

Height For Age

Background: Adolescence is a nutritionally vulnerable period for a number of specific reasons, including high requirements for growth, eating patterns and lifestyles, risk-taking behaviour and, susceptibility to social and environmental influences. The objectives of the study were to compare the nutritional status of rural and urban school going adolescent girls by anthropometric measurements.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban as well as rural schools of Haldwani block of district Nainital from October 2012 to September 2014. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number, 770 (443 rural and 327 urban) of school going adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age, who were interviewed and anthropometric measurements were recorded for assessing the nutritional status. WHO 2007 growth standards for 5-19 years old for girls was followed. Height-for-age Z scores and BMI-for-age Z scores were calculated with help of WHO Anthro Plus Software version 1.0.4. Data was analysed using SPSS v.20.Results: Mean weight and mean BMI of adolescent girls in urban area was significantly higher than those in rural area, while mean height in two groups was not significantly different. Mean height-for-age and the mean BMI-for-age of the study girls was below median of the 2007 WHO reference throughout the adolescent period.Conclusions: Thinness was significantly higher in rural girls while overweight and obesity was not significantly different in rural and urban girls.

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Exploring awareness of age-related changes among over 50s in the UK: findings from the PROTECT study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161022100123x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Serena Sabatini ◽

Obioha C. Ukoumunne ◽

Clive Ballard ◽

Rachel Collins ◽

Anne Corbett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thought Processes ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Written Comments ◽

Age Related ◽

Perceived Age ◽

The Uk ◽

Protect Study ◽

Age Related Changes ◽

Theoretical Conceptualization

ABSTRACT Objectives: Older people describe positive and negative age-related changes, but we do not know much about what contributes to make them aware of these changes. We used content analysis to categorize participants’ written comments and explored the extent to which the identified categories mapped onto theoretical conceptualizations of influences on awareness of age-related change (AARC). Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Participants: The study sample comprised 609 UK individuals aged 50 years or over (mean (SD) age = 67.9 (7.6) years), enrolled in the PROTECT study. Measurements: Between January and March 2019, participants provided demographic information, completed a questionnaire assessing awareness of age-related change (AARC-10 SF), and responded to an open-ended question asking them to comment on their responses. Results: While some of the emerging categories were in line with the existing conceptual framework of AARC (e.g. experiencing negative changes and attitudes toward aging), others were novel (e.g. engagement in purposeful activities or in activities that distract from age-related thoughts). Analysis revealed some of the thought processes involved in selecting responses to the questionnaire items, demonstrating different ways in which people make sense of specific items. Conclusions: Results support the ability of the AARC questionnaire to capture perceived age-related changes in cognitive functioning, physical and mental health, and engagement in social activities and in healthy and adaptive behaviors. However, findings also suggest ways of enriching the theoretical conceptualization of how AARC develops and offer insights into interpretation of responses to measures of AARC.

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The anthropometric assessment of body composition and nutritional status in children aged 2–15 years: A cross-sectional study from three districts in Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257055

Author(s):

Md. Kamruzzaman ◽

Shah Arafat Rahman ◽

Sharmin Akter ◽

Humaria Shushmita ◽

Md. Yunus Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Income ◽

Critical Role ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Height For Age ◽

Weight For Age

Background Early life nutrition plays a critical role in the development of better health and nutrition in adulthood. However, assessing the nutritional status of Bangladeshi children and adolescents through measurement of body composition using skinfold thickness is barely studied. The current study aims to determine children’s body composition and nutritional status, and contributing factors among children aged 2 to 15 years in the northern part of Bangladesh. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Bangladesh. Anthropometric methods, including multiple skinfold thickness and basic anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics, were used. Body composition was calculated from multiple skinfold thicknesses using the standard regression equation. Nutritional status was measured using Z score according to WHO 2007 reference standard. A total of 330 children from Naogaon, Bogra and Kurigram districts in Bangladesh were examined from April 2019 to September 2019. Results The Nutritional status of 2–15 years old child is exceedingly poor in the northern part of Bangladesh. Fat mass and fat-free mass were higher among children from Kurigram district than from Bogra and Naogaon district. Body fat percentages and arm fat area were greater among female children than males. The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was around 25%, 32% and 29%, respectively, and the rate was higher among girls and children aged 2–5 years. The average SD score for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age was -1.295, -0.937 and -1.009. The median weight-for-age and height-for-age Z scores of boys and girls were below the WHO reference percentile rank. Girls were twice (OR:1.951, CI:1.150–3.331) as likely to suffer from being underweight than boys. Children who don’t practice handwashing are three times (OR:3.531, CI:1.657–7.525) more likely to be underweight. Children become underweight and stunted when their family income is not sufficient to maintain their nutritional requirements. Conclusions The children of the three northern districts had a poor nutritional status, and family income was the potential contributing factor. Therefore, interventions like the promotion of income-generating activities and integrated approaches to ensuring food diversification could be an option to address the nutritional problem of children of the three northern districts of Bangladesh.

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Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v7i12.327 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Nurani Rahmadini ◽

Trini Sudiarti ◽

Diah Mulyawati Utari

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Composite Index ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Growth Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Growth Faltering ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

Upaya menurunkan prevalensi kurang gizi pemerintah membuat program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Cakupan Kadarzi Kota Depok tahun 2011 rendah (12,7%) dan prevalensi gizi kurang, pendek, kurus berturut-turut 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita 6 - 59 bulan berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei Kadarzi 2011. Survei dilakukan di sebelas kecamatan Kota Depok menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 1.176 keluarga yang memiliki balita termuda umur 6 _ 59 bulan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah status gizi balita, perilaku Kadarzi, status Kadarzi, karakteristik balita, dan karakteristik keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi balita gagal tumbuh 31%. Terdapat dua variabel yang memberikan pengaruh status gizi balita secara bersama-sama yaitu penimbangan balita (nilai p = 0,003) dan pendidikan ibu (nilai p = 0,034). Uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan penimbangan balita sebagai faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita. Balita yang ditimbang tidak teratur berisiko 1,5 kali mengalami gagal tumbuh dibandingkan yang ditimbang teratur. Indeks CIAF berguna untuk mengetahui prevalensi gizi kurang secara keseluruhan dan penanggulangannya. Diperlukan penyuluhan dan promosi yang lebih aktif kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemantauan pertumbuhan balita melalui posyandu dan melakukan pembinaan kader posyandu dalam pemantauan status pertumbuhan anak sebagai deteksi dini adanya gangguan pertumbuhan.Effort to reduce malnutrition governments make Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Kadarzi in Depok 2011 still low (12,7%) and the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting are respectively 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. This study aimed to determine the dominant factor for nutritional status of children based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Research using secondary data survey Kadarzi 2011. The survey was conducted using a cross sectional study in 11 districts. Samples of 1,176 families who have children youngest aged 6 - 59 months. The variables studied were the nutritional status, Kadarzi behaviors, Kadarzi status, children characteristics, and family characteristics. Results showed prevalence of growth faltering (31%). There are two variables that influence nutritional status, child’s weighing (p value = 0,003) and mother’s education (p value = 0,034). Multiple logistic regression analysis show child’s weighing as a dominant factor to the nutritional status of children. Children who are weighed not regularly are more risky 1,5 to get growth faltering then children who are weighed regularly. CIAF is useful to determine prevalence of undernutrition clearly and its solution. Counseling and promotion about child’s growth monitoring are required as early detection of growth faltering.

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Nutritional Status among under-5 Children of a selected slum in Dhaka city

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v7i2.29658 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 143-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md Aynal Hoque ◽

Md Abu Sayeed ◽

Mohammed Rizwanul Ahsan ◽

Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Farhana Salim

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Birth Certificates ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Height For Age ◽

Weight For Age

Background : Malnutrition is a serious public health problem that has been linked to increase risk of morbidity and mortality. Child malnutrition causes 27% of child deaths in developing countries in 2015.Objective : To estimate the nutritional status of under five children of a selected slum in Dhaka city.Methodology : This was a descriptive cross sectional study and conducted among 100 under 5 children purposively selected at Agargaon slum in Dhaka city during January-2015 to July-2015. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using standard methods. Those were weight, height, MUAC. Information regarding age of children was taken from patients birth certificates or hospital records. Nutritional status was estimated by calculating Z-score, weight for age, height for age, weight for height and mid upper arm circumference. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results : Mean age of the study population was 32.95 months. Male was 52% and female was 48%. Regarding Anthropometric assessment according to weight for height Z-score, 39% were wasted moderately and 13% were severely wasted and height for age Z-score, showed 47% of children were stunted moderately and 14% children were severely stunted. According to weight for age Zscore, 46% of children were moderately underweight and 16% children were severely underweight. According to MUAC classification 43% of children were in border line and 16% were malnutrition.Conclusions : Overall, nutritional status of the under 5 child of slum of Agargaon were not satisfactory.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(2) Jan 2016: 143-145

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Determinants of growth measurements in rural Cambodian infants: a cross-sectional study

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa018 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Asuka Miyazaki ◽

Mitsuaki Matsui ◽

Rathavy Tung ◽

Bunsreng Taing ◽

Laura V White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Growth Faltering ◽

Z Scores ◽

Males And Females ◽

Recent Illness

Abstract Background Inappropriate feeding and hygiene practices and poor environment are associated with malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the contributions of feeding, hygiene practices and recent illness to the nutritional status of rural Cambodian infants and any sex-specific differences. Methods In a cross-sectional study, nested within an ongoing birth cohort, trained fieldworkers conducted anthropometry and collected information from the main caregiver during home visits. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate associations with nutritional status as length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ). Results A total of 156 children, 87 (55.8%) male, ages 0–11 months were enrolled. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (WLZ <−2) in males and females was 2.3% (2/87) and 5.8% (4/69), respectively, and 23.0% (20/87) of males and 14.5% (10/69) of females were stunted (LAZ <−2). WLZ but not LAZ decreased with age. WLZ was independently negatively associated with increasing age (β-coefficient −0.14 [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.20 to −0.08], p<0.001), and regular use of feeding bottles (β-coefficient −0.46 [95% CI −0.83 to −0.10], p=0.014), and positively with handwashing with soap (β-coefficient 0.40 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.75), p=0.027). Conclusions The prevalence of acute malnutrition was low, but stunting was prevalent without evidence of a sex difference. Non-linear growth faltering was associated with increasing age and hygiene/feeding practices.

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Obesity among Kuwaiti Pre-school Children aged 0–5 Years: Prevalence and Comparison with the NCHS/CDC Reference Population

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/026010609801200404 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 235-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdulwahab Naser Al-Isa ◽

Mohamed A.A. Moussa

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Short Stature ◽

School Children ◽

Local Authority ◽

Reference Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Clinics ◽

Multi Stage ◽

American Children ◽

Height For Age

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of obesity among Kuwaiti pre-school children aged 0–5 years, and compare their nutritional status with the NCHS/CDC reference population. A Cross-sectional multi-stage stratified random sample of 7419 Kuwaiti children (3749 boys and 3670 girls), representing over 5% of the population at studied age was used for the study. Children below 42 months were randomly selected from five maternal and child health clinics, one from each of the five local authority areas of Kuwait. Children 42 months and above were selected from 24 kindergartens, proportionally from the 5 local authority areas. Weights and heights of children were measured. Obesity was defined as weight-for-height (W/H) 2.00 to 5.00 standard deviation (SD) scores of the NCHS/CDC reference population. Underweight and short stature were defined as W/H and height-for-age (H/A) − 4.00 to − 2.00 SD scores, respectively. Obesity among Kuwaiti pre-school children was found to be 8.2% (7.5% in males and 9.0% in females). Underweight was found to be almost similarly distributed among both genders (4.2% in males and 4.1% in females). Short stature was found to be 5.8% (6.1% in males and 5.6% in females). Kuwaiti pre-school children aged 0–5 years were, for the most part, found to be slightly heavier and shorter than American children of the reference population. The children were also found to be heavier and taller than a decade ago. The nutritional status of the children improved during the last ten years.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI TB/U DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF, FISIK, DAN SOSIO-EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH Association of Height-For-Age Nutritional Status with Cognitive, Physical, and Socio-Emotional Ability of Pre-School Children

Media Gizi Indonesia ◽

10.20473/mgi.v16i3.306-312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 306

Author(s):

Vidya Anggarini Rahmasari ◽

Lailatul Muniroh

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Collection Instrument ◽

Emotional Ability ◽

Height For Age

Pre-school period is one of the most important times for children’s growth and development. If there is a growth and development disturbance at this time, it will impact when the child is growing up. One of the factors which related with growth of pre-school children is nutritional status of height for age. The purpose of the study was to analyzed the relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with the cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional abilities of pre-school age children. This research was an analytical observational study using a cross sectional design. Sample of this study was 35 pre-school children selected randomly using simple random sampling. Samples were student of TK Hang Tuah 22, Candi, Sidoarjo. Data collection instrument includes the questionnaire on the characteristics of the subject and the respondent, a Denver instrument Developmental Screening Test II (DDST/Denver II). Spearman Rho test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a relationship between height for age nutritional status with cognitive abilities. However, there was no relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with physical and socio-emotional ability. The conclusion of the study is nutritional status of height for age has a significant association with cognitive abilities in pre-school children. Thus, parents need to monitor the nutritional status height for age of their children by measure the anthropometric result periodically and fulfill the nutritional needs of protein, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and others. Therefore, if there is any problem founded, it can be handled properly and will not aﬀect the growth and development of the children.

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Attitudes Towards Digital Health Technology: Introducing the Digital Health Scale

10.1101/2021.09.03.21262482 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ridley Cassidy

Keyword(s):

Digital Health ◽

Health Technology ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Age Related ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

The Uk ◽

Digital Healthcare

Objective: The study sought to investigate the relationship between attitude towards digital health technology and age, gender and frequency of use of digital health technology and to consider whether age, gender and frequency of use present potential barriers to accessing future healthcare in the UK. Differences in technological affinity are likely to lead to differences in the adoption of digital health technology and subsequent inequalities in healthcare between older and younger people and between men and women. Design: The study represents an example of a technology adoption study employing a survey-based cross sectional correlational design. Attitude towards digital health technology was measured using the 20 item Digital Health Scale. Age, gender, frequency of use of health technology and employment status data were gathered using a demographics questionnaire. The opportunity sample (N = 247) included volunteer participants aged 16-84 years (M = 31.7, SD = 19.35, 156 females and 91 males). Results: Results indicated a significant negative correlation between age and positive attitude towards digital health technology (r = -0.24, p < .01). Gender differences in attitudes towards digital health technology were non-significant (p > .05). Significant differences in frequency of use were also found, where occasional and frequent use resulted in more positive attitudes than never having used digital health technology (p < 0.05) and participants reporting frequent use were significantly older than those reporting never or occasional use (p < .05) Conclusion: Findings identified age, but not gender, as a significant factor in attitude towards digital health technology, suggesting that continued and increased reliance on digital technology in healthcare may lead to age, but not gender, related inequalities in access to healthcare in the UK. That frequent users of digital health technology were also older, highlights the greater demand for healthcare services by older individuals and is further evidence for the potential of digital healthcare to lead to age related inequalities in access to and provision of healthcare. Recommendations for successful application of digital healthcare technology are considered in the light of these findings.

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