Aphis glycines (soyabean aphid).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A. glycines is distributed throughout eastern Asia, principally in China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Korea, far eastern Russia, North Borneo, peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines (Blackman and Easop, 2000). It is a major pest of soyabean in China, causing particularly severe economic losses in the regions of Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Neimenggu (Wang et al., 1962). It attacks soyabeans and is also a minor pest on other leguminous crops. It has recently been introduced into Australia, Canada and the USA (Fletcher and Desborough, 2000; Edwards et al., 2001; Michelutti et al., 2002). It has quickly become a soyabean pest in North America, where aphids had previously not attacked soyabeans (Ragsdale et al., 2011). A. glycines causes economic injury due to direct feeding, and indirect injury due to the spread of viruses, in particular Soybean mosaic virus (SMV).

A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1959 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. PRATHAPAN ◽  
K. N. ANITH ◽  
M. H. FAIZAL ◽  
M. LEKHA ◽  
M. K. DHANYA
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Stick Insects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Minor

The order Phasmatodea, the stick and leaf insects, include fewer crop pests than other phytophagous groups of insects. Bedford (1978) reviewed their biology and ecology. Outbreaks of stick insects on economically important plants are known from the USA (Graham, 1937), Fiji and other islands in the South Pacific (O’Connor, 1949; Paine, 1968), Australia (Key, 1991) and China (Hennemann, et. al., 2008). Lit and Eusebio (2008) described Pharnacia magdiwang (Phasmatidae) [a junior synonym of P. ponderosa Stål (Hennemann and Conle, 2008)], a minor pest on mango in the Philippines and listed eight species of stick insects associated with economically important plants. Phasmatodea of the Indian subcontinent are poorly known in spite of the rich diversity and none of them are known to be associated with crop plants.

scholarly journals The IUCN Wild Pig Challenge 2015

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Linkie ◽  
Jasline Ng ◽  
Zhi Qi Lim ◽  
Muhammad I. Lubis ◽  
Mark Rademaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Wild Pig

AbstractAsian mammal species are facing unprecedented pressures from hunting and habitat conversion. Efforts to mitigate these threats often focus on charismatic large-bodied species, while many other species or even guilds receive less attention, particularly Asian wild pigs. To address this we developed a rapid questionnaire survey and administered it to relevant experts to identify the presence, population trends and conservation needs of Asia's 11 threatened wild pig species. The results highlighted geographical differences within species (e.g. the near collapse of bearded pig populations in Peninsular Malaysia yet their widespread presence on Borneo), and knowledge gaps for many endemic species of the Philippines, notably the Critically Endangered Visayan warty pig Sus cebifrons. To support field-based conservation projects, we identified 66 medium-to-large zoos in Asia, Europe and the USA that house Asian wild pigs and have applicable conservation funding schemes. Our rapid survey method, which yielded 170 wild pig records from across Asia, proved effective in filling many of the existing knowledge gaps, and may be widely applicable in assessing the status and needs of other non-flagship threatened species.

scholarly journals Mushroom Phorid Flies. A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
María Jesús Navarro ◽  
Lucía Adriana Escudero-Colomar ◽  
Jaime Carrasco ◽  
Francisco José Gea
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Phorid Flies ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Phorid Fly

Diptera are among the most serious arthropod pests affecting mushroom crops. Phorid flies, especially Megaselia halterata, have traditionally been globally considered as a minor pest, although they are a very important problem on Spanish mushroom farms. The concerns with respect to the phorid fly populations have recently increased, notably jumping from being a minor to major pest in India, UK and the USA, where yield losses ranging between 10 and 40% were reported. This review updates and summarizes the available literature regarding mushroom phorid populations, stressing the natural distribution of phorids and their seasonal distribution, their biology within the growing substrates and the initial sources of infestation on mushroom farms. Moreover, the review also highlights the scarce available tools for their control and the current alternatives to chemical products.

Analysis of Collapsed Chimney of Balco Power Plant in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2229-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Central India ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Initial Part ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stormy Weather ◽  
Under Construction

A large under-construction chimney at BALCO Power Plant in central India collapsed on Sep. 23, 2009 under severe stormy weather, causing serious casualties and massive economic losses, while another, similarly built, survived. So far, there has been no strict and scientific analysis on the cause of the accident. In this paper, finite element method is used to simulate the effect of wind loads and the whole collapse procedure based on the investigation of information about the design, the construction, the site related records, etc. The results show that the initial part of the chimney destroyed is the top of the structure (specifically the construction platform and the partial top cylinder wall of the chimney); then the debris from the top fells and crashes the lower part of the structure, eventually leading to the whole structure collapsing. The analysis results are basically consistent with the observation of the debris and the toppling scene and what the witnesses described, and scientifically clarify the actual cause of the chimney collapse. In addition, by comparing the chimney design codes between the USA and China, along with the analysis results, some suggestions are proposed to prevent similar accidents in chimney projects.

scholarly journals Biological and economic values of Dipterocarpaceae, the main timber forest product of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widiyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Seedling Ecology ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Root Symbiosis ◽  
Seed Handling

Dipterocarpaceae is known as a very important tree family both biologically and economically.  Its distribution around the world covers the areas of Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku to Papua.  Dipterocarpaceae family has a high economic value, such as producing wood, balsam, resin, charcoal, fat, fruit, bark, essential oil, and camphor. Its products have very important roles for domestic use and export needs. As  representatives of Dipterocarpaceae, the economic value of Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertner f, Dipterocarpus Gaertner f, and Dryobalanops Gaertner f will be discussed. Considering the very important role of Dipterocarpaceae, both biologically and economically, it is necessary to handle it sustainably, through the following actions such as conservation of genetic resources, seed physiology, seed handling, seedling ecology, root symbiosis and nutrition, pest and disease, management of natural forest, and plantation, and also non-timber forest product from Dipterocarpaceae. Dipterocarpaceae dikenal sebagai famili pohon yang sangat penting baik secara biologis maupun ekonomis. Penyebarannya di seluruh dunia meliputi wilayah Semenanjung Malaysia, Filipina, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, Sulawesi, Maluku hingga Papua. Famili Dipterocarpaceae memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, seperti menghasilkan kayu, balsam, damar, arang, lemak, buah, kulit kayu, minyak atsiri, dan kapur barus. Produk-produknya memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk kebutuhan domestik dan ekspor. Sebagai perwakilan Dipterocarpace, nilai ekonomi Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertner f, Dipterocarpus Gaertner f, dan Dryobalanops Gaertner f akan dibahas. Mengingat peranan Dipterocarpaceae yang sangat penting, baik secara biologis maupun ekonomis, maka perlu dilakukan penanganan secara berkelanjutan, melalui tindakan-tindakan seperti konservasi sumber daya genetik, fisiologi benih, penanganan benih, ekologi semai, simbiosis dan nutrisi akar, hama dan penyakit, pengelolaan hutan alam, dan perkebunan, serta hasil hutan bukan kayu dari Dipterocarpaceae.  

scholarly journals USTANAWIANIE AMERYKAŃSKIEJ WŁADZY KOLONIALNEJ NA FILIPINACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Lewicki
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
World War ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Subsequent Withdrawal ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
American Civil Society

Establishing American Colonial Government in thePhilippinesSummaryThe Philippines was the only American colony and its establishmentcaused a fierce debate in the United States on whether this complied withthe principles of American civil society. It was decided that returning thearchipelago to Spain or simply abandoning it was out of the question,and that the USA would retain its sovereignty over the islands whilepreparing the country for independence.This is in fact what happened. After the period of military strugglewith the forces of Emilio Aguinaldo, Americans began what would todaybe described as a nation-building process. Its most important components were the health system and education, along with the training ofadministrative staff, who assumed more and more responsibility. Thiswas in stark contrast with the behaviour of traditional colonial powers.While the process was somewhat slower than expected, and wasinterrupted by the outbreak of World War 2, the Philippines becameindependent soon after the war and the process of transition was conducted in an orderly fashion.The article, the first on the topic in Poland, analyses the successivephases in the building up of American colonial control of the Philippinesand its subsequent withdrawal.

scholarly journals Current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) in European pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Marta Antas ◽  
Grzegorz Woźniakowski
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. The disease is clinically similar to other forms of porcine gastroenteritis. Pigs are the only known host of the disease, and the occurrence of PED in wild boars is unknown. The virus causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in suckling piglets reaching 100%. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The loss in the US pig industry has been estimated at almost seven million pigs. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA.

On the Effects produced by the Attacks of the Pink Bollworm on the Yield of Cotton Seed and Lint in Egypt

1919 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Gipsy Moth ◽  
A Minor

The history of but few insects can be compared with that ofPectinophora(Geleckia)gossypiella, which, having started as a minor pest in its native country and having been transported by human agency to a new country, has there suddenly leapt to the most important position as a major pest of the crop it attacks. In this respect it may be placed with thePhylloxeraand the gipsy moth.Although the chief object of this paper is to consider certain aspects of the damage done by the pink bollworm to the cotton crop, the following short summary of the established facts concerning the life-history of the insect may be useful to readers not familiar with its habits.Food-Plants. The pink bollworm feeds on cotton (Gossypium, various species), okra (Hibiscus esculentus; Arabic :bamia; Hindustani :bhindi), Deccan hemp (Hibiscus cannabinus; Arabic :til), hollyhock (Althaea rosea), mallow (Malvasp., probablysilvestris),Thespesia populnea(fideFullaway ; this record is considered doubtful by Busck), andAbutilonsp. (Arabic :hanbuk;fideKing).It will be noticed that all these plants belong to the Malvaceae. The record for pomegranates given by Dudgeon and Gough is without doubt due to error.Of all these food-plants cotton is preferred. The larvae attack the stems (feeding in the cambium and boring a tunnel which encircles the stem), flowers, flower-buds, bolls and seeds.

General Assembly

1964 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The People ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
General Assembly Resolution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Federation of Malaysia: On August 5, 1963, the governments of Malaya, Indonesia, and the Philippines requested the Secretary-General, U Thant, to ascertain by a fresh approach, prior to the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia, the wishes of the people of Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak concerning their future political status. His survey was to be conducted within the context of principle 9 of the annex to General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) of December 15, 1960. More specifically the Secretary-General was asked to consider whether in the recent elections in Sabah and Sarawak: 1) Malaysia had been a major issue if not the major issue; 2) electoral registers had been properly compiled; 3) elections had been free and there had been no coercion; and 4) votes had been properly polled and counted. In addition, he was to take into account the wishes of those who would have exercised their right of self-determination in the recent elections had they not been detained for political activities, imprisoned for political offenses, or absent from the country. Responding to this request and with the consent of the government of the United Kingdom, the Secretary-General set up two working teams under the supervision of his personal representative, which were to work in Sarawak and Sabah. The mission, consisting of nine individuals, held hearings and considered written communications.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
William A. Durbin ◽  
John L. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Barr Virus Infection

Introduction Virtually all humans become infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The vast majority of these infections are inapparent, occur early in life, and are associated with lifelong latent infection and persistent shedding of virus. Epidemiology The prevalence of antibody to EBV has been determined in many age groups throughout the world. In developing and tropical areas, infection takes place early in life and is inapparent, with most children demonstrating antibody by age 6 years. Infection is believed to be related to hygiene and crowding as well as to cultural patterns that lead to exposure to saliva (eg, prechewing of food). In contrast, infection in Western Europe and the United States in childhood is less common, with only 35% to 50% of 5-year-olds demonstrating antibody. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) emerges as a significant clinical entity only in populations where a sizable percentage of young adults lack immunity to EBV. Thus, IM is unknown among college freshman in Thailand or the Philippines, virtually all of whom have antibody to EBV at the time of admission. On the other hand, in schools in the USA and England, where the susceptibility percentage is in the range of 35% to 50%, infection is seen commonly. In such university settings, approximately 12% of susceptible students become infected with EBV during the freshman year.

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