scholarly journals Adaptation of mammalian protein metabolism to amino acid supply

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish N. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Mammalian Protein

The metabolism of the animal is equipped to adapt to changes in both the internal and the external environment. Among internal factors are activity versus rest and sleep, and the menstrual cycle in the case of the female. Metabolism must also respond to variations in the external environment, such as heat and cold, and notably the availability of food. Metabolic adaptation to nutrient supply is of two kinds. First, there are transient physiological adaptations to the intermittent intake of nutritionally adequate meals. These short-lived adaptations account for a large part of the diurnal variations that have been observed in the protein metabolism of mammals (Wurtman, 1969). Secondly, long-term adaptive reactions occur when there is a decrease in availability of an essential nutrient in the diet. Under such circumstances, tissue constituents are lost to varying degrees from different parts of the body. It is proposed to discuss here mainly short-term physiological adaptations to variations in amino acid supply and their relevance to the needs of the body for dietary protein. Adaptive changes resulting from long-term protein deficiency are considered in the paper by Waterlow & Stephen (1969).

scholarly journals Adaptation of mammalian protein metabolism to amino acid supply

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Hamish N. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Mammalian Protein

The metabolism of the animal is equipped to adapt to changes in both the internal and the external environment. Among internal factors are activity versus rest and sleep, and the menstrual cycle in the case of the female. Metabolism must also respond to variations in the external environment, such as heat and cold, and notably the availability of food. Metabolic adaptation to nutrient supply is of two kinds. First, there are transient physiological adaptations to the intermittent intake of nutritionally adequate meals. These short-lived adaptations account for a large part of the diurnal variations that have been observed in the protein metabolism of mammals (Wurtman, 1969). Secondly, long-term adaptive reactions occur when there is a decrease in availability of an essential nutrient in the diet. Under such circumstances, tissue constituents are lost to varying degrees from different parts of the body. It is proposed to discuss here mainly short-term physiological adaptations to variations in amino acid supply and their relevance to the needs of the body for dietary protein. Adaptive changes resulting from long-term protein deficiency are considered in the paper by Waterlow & Stephen (1969).

scholarly journals Description on the Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Different Systems of the Body

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
Dr. K. Rama Subba Reddy ◽  
Dr. T V Bala Krishna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Exercise Programmes

The purpose of this study is to explore various changes occur in different physical and physiological systems of the body with respect to the relevant chronic exercises. Acute and Chronic exercise programmes develops physiological adaptations in different systems of the body, due to the stress places on the systems. Acute exercise refers to short duration exercise, such as a cycle ergometer or a treadmill maximal exercise test. Chronic refers to extended or long term exercise, such a physical training programme of four to six months duration.

scholarly journals Internal Abiotic Components That Influence the Development of Biocorrosion on ETICS Plasters

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Monika Dybowska-Józefiak ◽  
Maria Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Composite System ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Short And Long Term

Basic factors affecting the appearance of algae discoloration on the surface of the system are recognized effects of the external environment (external temperature and humidity, short- and long-term radiation, precipitation, wind and air pollution). Internal factors are often neglected by international technical documents on the evaluation of the effectiveness of resistance to biocorrosion of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS). Based on literature data and in situ research, the basic internal factors responsible for the occurrence or intensification of the biocorrosion process were systematized. Internal factors were divided into two groups: (1) plaster properties and (2) solutions for material layouts and building details. The results of research on these factors indicate that they directly or indirectly influence the humidity condition of plaster and biocorrosion development is a consequence of this state. The opposite issue, the influence of biocorrosion on plaster properties, is analyzed only in patrial way.

The significance of biologically active zones of the skin in the electric exchange of the body with the external environment (on the example, operational damage)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Новикова ◽  
E. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Functional System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Active Zones ◽  
First Time

This work is devoted to the phenomenon occurring in long-term damage to the biologically active zones (BAZ) by metal spokes and leading to local and general disorders of the organism corresponding to the specific damaged BAZ. On a large clinical material of the application of the apparatuses for external trans-osseous fixation for the treatment of injuries of bones and joints, the author found the phenomenon of energetic exchange between the organism and environment, occurring through BAZ and representing a link of the functional system of adaptive regulation. This allows to attribute the disorders of the normal energetic exchange due to the skin damage, to important pathogenetic factors that must be considered in the treatment of trauma patients. For the first time, the nature of some complications developing in long-term trauma of BAZ, is established and scientifically proven. For the first time in academic medicine, the position on the role of BAZ as a functional system of adaptive regulation of the human body, is proposed and experimentally substantiated.

scholarly journals A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Phenylalanine Electroanalysis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Dinu ◽  
Constantin Apetrei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
And Performance

Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in breast milk and in many foods, being an essential nutrient. This amino acid is very important for the human body because it is transformed into tyrosine and, subsequently, into catecholamine neurotransmitters. However, there are individuals who were born with a genetic disorder called phenylketonuria. The accumulation of phenylalanine and of some metabolites in the body is dangerous and may cause convulsions, brain damage and mental retardation. Determining the concentration of phenylalanine in different biologic fluids is very important because it can provide information about the health status of the individuals envisaged. Since such determinations may be made by using electrochemical sensors and biosensors, numerous researchers have developed such sensors for phenylalanine detection and different sensitive materials were used in order to improve the selectivity, sensitivity and detection limit. The present review aims at presenting the design and performance of some electrochemical bio (sensors) traditionally used for phenylalanine detection as reported in a series of relevant scientific papers published in the last decade.

Pre-natal amino acid transport inhibition: Long term influences on behavior and protein metabolism

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Samuels ◽  
Clark T. Randt ◽  
Irving Fish ◽  
Stephen A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Transport ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Transport Inhibition

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

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