scholarly journals Obesity: from molecules to man

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Jebb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Uk

Obesity is now a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. In the UK over 16 % men and 17.5 % women are obese, an increase of more than 100 % since 1980. However, interventions to prevent and treat obesity are hampered by an inadequate understanding of the aetiology of this condition. The present paper considers the current state of knowledge regarding the causes of obesity, including some of the genetic, metabolic, behavioural and environmental factors which influence energy balance. The present paper comprises The Nutrition Society Medal Lecture and focuses in particular on the research carried out at the MRC Dunn Nutrition Centre in Cambridge. It argues that despite decades of intensive research there is relatively little evidence of genetic or metabolic defects to explain the majority of cases of human obesity. Instead we must look to behavioural and/or environmental factors which may be underpinning the current epidemic of obesity.

scholarly journals An Overview of Management of Cancer Approach with Medical and Dental Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. RV6-RV8
Author(s):  
Debashis Roy ◽  
Najmus Sahar ◽  
Pradeep Tangade ◽  
Surbhi Priyadarshi ◽  
Mushahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cancer Management

This review emphasizes about making the members of the professional Colleges aware of some important aspects of oral cancer in particular & cancer of body in general and its impact on the Dental Surgeons to be a part of the weapon against fighting this devastating disease. Cancer is the major public health problem affecting developed and developing countries. Therefore this review focusses on cancer management by taking into mind dental and medical considerations.

A CASE OF PARAQUAT POISONING PRESENTING WITH MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Venkata sai suhas Yadlapati ◽  
Nirmala Devi ◽  
V.R.Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Ÿ Self-poisoning with pesticides is a major public health problem in developing countries with an estimated 300 000 deaths each year.Very high case fatality (>50%) - due both to its inherent toxicity and the lack of early diagnosis and effective treatment.Though it is easily availabile, poisoning with this toxin is not common. Fatal dose of paraquat is so trivial that >10 ml poison can damage lungs permanently. Ÿ In this context we present a fatal case of 30 yr old male patient who have consumed paraquat and presented with extensive complication of acute kidney injury, and lung injury and liver disease.

scholarly journals Modeling Obesity and Its Associated Disorders in Drosophila

Physiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Trinh ◽  
Gabrielle L. Boulianne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Complex Disorder ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

In recent years, obesity has been recognized as a major public health problem due to its increased prevalence in both children and adults and its association with numerous life-threatening complications including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer. Obesity is a complex disorder that is the result of the interaction between predisposing genetic and environmental factors. However, the precise nature of these gene-gene and gene-environment interactions remains unclear. Here, we will describe recent studies demonstrating how fruit flies can be used to identify and characterize the mechanisms underlying obesity and to establish models of obesity-associated disorders.

scholarly journals GLOBAL OBESITY AND PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World

Obesity is rapidly becoming a major public health problem in many parts of the world, including Pakistan. Developed world is viewing a huge switchover from acute and communicable diseases to the chronic and non-communicable diseases. However many developing countries including Pakistan, experience the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Study of prevalence of maternal anaemia and its fetal outcome at rural tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Vandana Verma ◽  
Soniya Vishwakarma ◽  
Ramesh Chand ◽  
Umesh Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem especially among low socioeconomic class of the population in developing countries. Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in developing countries is 51%. Anaemia is defined by the WHO as haemoglobin levels of less than 11 gm. %   in pregnancy. The present study was aimed to find out prevalence of anaemia in rural tertiary care centre to see the foetal outcome in anaemic women.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of medical sciences Saifai, Etawah from June 2017 to November 2017. All the women admitted to labour room in third trimester and delivered here were included in the study excluding the patients with pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, heart disease, patients with other medical disorders and patients with twin pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage and the patients who did not deliver here.Results: Prevalence of anaemia was 87.3 %. severe anaemia was found in 3.5 % women. The percentage of preterm births was more in anaemic women that is 16.9 %.Conclusions: Anaemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem in India. The number of IUGR and LBW babies were more in anaemic women. Anaemia is related to serious consequences in mother and baby if not diagnosed and treated timely. It can be prevented by increasing the awareness regarding need of iron intake during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Globally, diarrhoea is a second leading cause of deaths among under-five children and is a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives, a large proportion of under-five children are still experienced diarrhoeal diseases causes high mortality in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among children under-five in India.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015-16. A total of living children below 5 years of age were utilized for the analysis of this study. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to investigate the factors of childhood diarrhoea.Results In India, about 9% under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past 2 weeks. Children from rural areas (AOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), Scheduled Tribe (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and others caste (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and from central (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west region (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in past 2 weeks. Furthermore, this study also revealed that child’s stool disposal (AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions Diarrhoeal disease remains a serious public health problem in India. The findings of this study suggest strengthening of existing health care programs. Policy intervention should also address socio-economic vulnerabilities of mothers and children to combat the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, provisioning of sanitation and housing facilities may help positively to control diarrhoeal disease that could eventually reduce the incidence of child mortality.

Suicide in Australia: Do We Really Have A Problem?

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Baume
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn 1995, 2367 Australians lost their lives through suicide, and up to 100 times this number may attempt each year: Suicide has now become a major public health problem in Australia, which has seen the suicide rates in young males quadruple over the last 35 years or so. An analysis of current research on suicide and suicidal behaviour exploring possible causes and crosscultural issues, is discussed. As well, an extended definition of suicide as an intentional death and its antecedents provides the foundation for a discourse on the views now held by our corntemporary society. The paper argues that suicide not only is one of the most extreme consequences of personal psychosocial distress but also is often also an indicator of previous life events and environmental factors that potentiates for personal vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Falls Among the Elderly in Unaizah City, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. e86-93
Author(s):  
Abdullaziz Alabdullgader ◽  
Unaib Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Related Risk

Objectives: Falls and fall-related consequences are a major public health problem in the elderly. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of falls and fall-related risk factors among elderly individuals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and October 2019 among 280 elderly patients aged >60 years old attending 10 randomly selected primary healthcare centres in Unaizah City, Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the validated 10-item Missouri Alliance for Home Care (MAHC-10) fall risk assessment tool. Results: A total of 269 participants were included in the study (response rate: 96.1%). The prevalence of falls over the preceding year was 31.6%. Females fell more frequently than males (34.5% versus 28.5%) and most falls occurred indoors (84.7%). Various risk factors were associated with fall risk including being aged >80 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–16.14), polypharmacy (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.01–5.71) and environmental factors (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.24–6.28). However, more educated participants had a lower risk of falling (aOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.77). There was also a significant association with the MAHC-10 fall risk score (P = 0.043). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of falls among the elderly in Unaizah City. Various factors were associated with falls including advanced age, polypharmacy, age-related changes and environmental factors. As the majority of fall events occurred indoors, home safety improvements are recommended. Moreover, additional larger-scale research is necessary regarding fall-related risk factors and fall prevention initiatives among elderly individuals in Saudi Arabia.   KEYWORDS Elderly; Falls; Geriatrics; Public Health; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Saudi Arabia.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

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