scholarly journals Prevalence of food allergy: an overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

At present the only cure for food allergy is to avoid eating the food responsible for the allergy. Thus, food allergy or food hypersensitivity is a disease that is not only of concern to the individual who is affected but also to those involved directly and indirectly in supplying andpreparing food for the food-allergic individual, and its impact on society should be evaluated on this basis. It is generally assumed that questionnaire-based studies vastly overestimate the prevalence of food hypersensitivity. The reported perceived prevalence of food hypersensitivity varies from 3.24% to 34.9%, which may be explained partly by the difference in reporting lifetime prevalence compared with point prevalence. However, of more importance is the apparent inverse correlation between response rate and prevalence (the higher the response rate, the lower the perceived prevalence). The three most-recent prevalence studies on food hypersensitivity (one on perceived food hypersensitivity and two on confirmed food hypersensitivity) all report estimates for prevalence of approximately 3%, but their criteria for including subjects as being positive are not identical, although they do overlap. Furthermore, because of differences in methodology there is no definitive information to indicate whether the prevalence of food allergy is increasing. However, the high prevalence of pollen-related food allergy in younger adults in the population suggests that the increase in pollen allergy is also being accompanied by an increase in pollen-related food allergy.

Aging and Time Perception for Short and Long Durations: A Question of Attention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lamotte ◽  
S. Droit-Volet
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task

This study examined the difference in the perception of time between young and older adults in a temporal bisection task with four different duration ranges from a few milliseconds (500 ms) to several seconds (30 s). In addition, individual cognitive capacities (short-term memory, working memory, processing speed, attention) were assessed with different neuropsychological tests. The results showed a general effect of age on the variability of time judgment, indicating a lower sensitivity to time in the old than in the younger adults, regardless of the duration range tested. In addition, the results showed that the individual differences in time sensitivity were explained by attention capacities, which decline with aging.

Slow Down You’re Moving Too Fast

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lang ◽  
Nancy Schwartz ◽  
Sharon Mayell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference

The study reported here compared how younger and older adults processed the same set of media messages which were selected to vary on two factors, arousing content and valence. Results showed that older and younger adults had similar arousal responses but different patterns of attention and memory. Older adults paid more attention to all messages than did younger adults. However, this attention did not translate into greater memory. Older and younger adults had similar levels of memory for slow-paced messages, but younger adults outperformed older adults significantly as pacing increased, and the difference was larger for arousing compared with calm messages. The differences found are in line with predictions made based on the cognitive-aging literature.

PENGENDALIAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH OLEH TEH HIJAU DAN ATAU TEH DAUN MURBEI PADA TIKUS DIABETES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Rusman Efendi ◽  
Evy Damayanthi ◽  
Lilik Kustiyah ◽  
Nastiti Kusumorini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Font Size ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Diabetes

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 7.1pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Diabetes mellitus is degeneratif disease with high prevalence that happens in many countries. Several studies had been done to control diabetes by using green tea, mullberry leaf  tea, and their mixture. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of the administration green tea, mullbery leaf tea, and their mixtures to blood glucose level of diabetic rats both during 120 minutes after administration. This research had four phases, first to determine the best mullberry leaf tea, second to fourth phases respectively, determine turnover of blood glucose level on normal rats; attempt during 120 minutes on diabetic rats.  The result of research during 120 minutes have showed that blood glucose level on diabetic rats which were administered by green tea, mullberry leaf tea and their mixture is significantly difference with diabetic rats which were administered by water. Blood glucose level at baseline increased at 30<sup>th </sup>minutes and showed the difference significantly and then until 60<sup>th</sup> and 120<sup>th</sup> minutes and relatively stable. During 120 minutes after feed consumption, inhibition of blood glucose level occured increasingly on diabetic rats which were administered by green tea, mullberry leaf tea, and their mixture compared to diabetic rats which were administered by water.</span></p>

Evidence-based Practice regarding knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers of Mangalore Physical Therapists: A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7056-7063
Author(s):  
Vineel P ◽  
Gopala Krishna Alaparthi ◽  
Kalyana Chakravarthy Bairapareddy ◽  
Sampath Kumar Amaravadi
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
The Individual

  Evidence-based Practice is defined as usage of current best evidence which is conscientious, explicit and judicious in deciding on the care of the individual. It is one of the vital decision-making processes in the medical profession. Though India is renowned as a center for medical education, there is scarcity regarding the literature on evidence-based practice. The survey aims to identify the prevalence of evidence-based practice among the physical therapists of Mangalore. The study protocol submitted to scientific research committee and Ethical institutional committee, K.M.C. Mangalore Manipal University. On approval, the questionnaire had been distributed among the physical therapists of Mangalore through mails and in the written form. The questionnaire consists of questions divided into eight sections: 1) consent form 2) current practice status; 3) demographic data; 4) behavior; 5) previous knowledge of E.B.P. resources; 6) skills and available resources; 7) Opinions regarding E.B.P.; 8)Perceived barriers regarding E.B.P. The emails were sent through Google forms to all the physical therapists, and hard copies were distributed among the selected physical therapists. The response rate for the emails was 13.1%. The response collected through hard copies was 178, whereas total hard copies distributed was 320, the participants rejected some due to lack of interest. In total, including emails and hard copy questionnaire 205 was the response rate in which all were practicing physical therapy as their primary profession. The findings of the study will pave the way to identify the status of evidence-based practice as well as help in designing promotional programmers for evidence-based practice.

Empirical Study On Attributes Leading To Satisfaction Among Bank Customer

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Ms.U.Sakthi Veeralakshmi ◽  
Dr.G. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Banking ◽  
Service Gap

This research aims at measuring the service quality in public and private banking sector and identifying its relationship to customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. The study was conducted among 500 bank customers by using revised SERVQUAL instrument with 26 items. Behavioral intention of the customers was measured by using the behavioral intention battery. The researcher has used a seven point likert scaling to measure the expected and perceived service quality (performance) and the behavioral intention of the customer. The instrument was selected as the most reliable device to measure the difference-score conceptualization. It is used to evaluate service gap between expectation and perception of service quality. Modifications are made on the SERVQUAL instrument to make it specific to the Banking sector. Questions were added to the instrument like Seating space for waiting (Tangibility), Parking space in the Bank (Tangibility), Variety of products / schemes available (Tangibility), Banks sincere steps to handling Grievances of the customers (Responsiveness). The findings of the study revealed that the customer’s perception (performance) is lower than expectation of the service quality rendered by banks. Responsiveness and Assurance SQ dimensions were the most important dimensions in service quality scored less SQ gap. The study concluded that the individual service quality dimensions have a positive impact on Overall Satisfaction.

THE SUBJECT FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION: THE SENSE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Irina Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
National Education ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The development of modern civilization attests to its decisive role in the progressive development of institutions. They identified the difference between Western civilization and the rest of the world. Confirmation of the institutional advantages of the West was its early industrialization. The genesis and formation of institutionalism in its ideological and conceptualmethodological orientation occurs as a process alternative to neoclassic in the context of world heterodoxia, which quickly spread in social science. Highlighting institutional education as a separate area of sociocultural activity is determined by the factor of differentiation of institutional theory as a whole. A feature of institutional education is its orientation toward the individual and his/her transformation into a personality. The content of institutional education is revealed through the analysis of the institution, which includes a set of established customs, traditions, ways of thinking, behavioral stereotypes of individuals and social groups. The dynamics of socio-political, economic transformations in Ukraine requires a review of the foundations of national education and determination of the prospects for its development in the 21st century in the context of institutionalism.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

Thrombotic Events in Homozygotes with a Proven or Highly Probable Arg304Gln Factor VII Mutation (FVII Padua)1): Only Limited Replacement Therapy is Needed in Case of Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Antonio Girolami ◽  
Elisabetta Cosi ◽  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Bruno Girolami ◽  
Maria L. Randi
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thrombotic Event ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compound Heterozygotes

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of thrombotic events among patients with proven or highly probable homozygosis for the Arg304Gln (Factor VII Padua) defect or compound heterozygosis containing the Arg304Gln mutation. Methods: Homozygotes and compound heterozygotes proven by molecular studies to have the Arg304Gln mutation were gathered from personal files and from two PubMed searches. In addition, patients with probable homozygosis on the basis of clotting tests (discrepancies among Factor VII activity levels according to the tissue thromboplastin used) were also gathered. Results: 30 proven homozygotes and 17 probable ones were gathered together with 8 compound heterozygotes. In the latter use, the associated mutation was Cys135Arg (twice), Gly180Arg, Arg304Trp, Arg315Trp, His348Gln, Gly365Cys. The prevalence of venous thrombotic events was 16.6, 11.8 and 11.1 percent, respectively for the three groups of patients. Heterozygotes showed no thrombotic event. The difference for proven homozygotes was statistically significant, while for the other groups only a trend was present. Conclusion: proven homozygous or compound heterozygous patients with the Arg304Gln mutation showed a higher than expected incidence of thrombotic events. The same is true for probable cases gathered only on the basis of clotting tests. These patients, because of their frequent lack of bleeding and for their relatively high prevalence of thrombosis should probably receive only limited replacement therapy in case of surgical procedures.

Comparing face-to-face to web data collection: unit response and costs in a national health survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Braekman ◽  
Stefaan Demarest ◽  
Rana Charafeddine ◽  
Sabine Drieskens ◽  
Finaba Berete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Unit Response ◽  
Cost Advantage ◽  
Web Data ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Considerable Cost ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND Potential is seen in web data collection for population health surveys due to a combination of its cost-effectiveness, implementation ease and the increased internet penetration. Nonetheless, web modes may lead to lower and more selective unit response rates than traditional modes and hence may increase bias in the measured indicators. OBJECTIVE This research assesses the unit response and costs of a web versus F2F study. METHODS Alongside the F2F Belgian Health Interview Survey of 2018 (BHIS2018; n gross sample used: 7,698), a web survey (BHISWEB; n gross sample=6,183) is organized. Socio-demographic data on invited individuals is obtained from the national register and census linkages. Unit response rates considering the different sampling probabilities of both surveys are calculated. Logistic regression analyses examine the association between mode system (web vs. F2F) and socio-demographic characteristics on unit non-response. The costs per completed web questionnaire are compared with these for a completed F2F questionnaire. RESULTS The unit response rate is lower in BHISWEB (18.0%) versus BHIS2018 (43.1%). A lower web response is found among all socio-demographic groups, however, the difference is higher among people older than 65, low educated people, people with a non-Belgian nationality, people living alone and these living in Brussels Capital. Not the same socio-demographic characteristics are associated with non-response in both studies. Having another European (OR (95% CI): 1.60 (1.20-2.13)) or a non-European nationality (OR (95% CI): 2.57 (1.79-3.70)) (compared to having the Belgian nationality) and living in the Brussels Capital (95% CI): 1.72 (1.41-2.10)) or Walloon (OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.15 - 1.87) region (compared to living in the Flemish region) is only in BHISWEB associated with a higher non-response. In BHIS2018 younger people (OR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.11-1.54)) are more likely to be non-respondent than older people, this was not found BHISWEB. In both studies, lower educated people have a higher change to be non-respondent, but this effect is more pronounced in BHISWEB (OR low vs. high education level (95% CI): Web 2.71 (2.21-3.39)); F2F 1.70 (1.48-1.95)). The BHISWEB study has a considerable cost advantage; the total cost per completed questionnaire is almost three times lower (€41) compared to the F2F data collection (€111). CONCLUSIONS The F2F unit response rate is generally higher, yet for certain groups the difference between web versus F2F is more limited. A considerable cost advantage of web collection is found. It is therefore worthwhile to experiment with adaptive mixed-mode designs to optimize financial resources without increasing selection bias; e.g. only inviting socio-demographic groups more eager to participate online for web surveys while remaining to focus on increasing the F2F response rates for other groups. CLINICALTRIAL Studies approved by the Ethics Committee of the University hospital of Ghent

Quality-of-Life Measurement in Advanced Cancer: Assessing the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3603-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dympna Waldron ◽  
Ciaran A. O'Boyle ◽  
Michael Kearney ◽  
Michael Moriarty ◽  
Desmond Carney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

PURPOSE: Despite the increasing importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced cancer, relatively little is known about individual patient's perceptions of the issues contributing to their QoL. The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) and the shorter SEIQoL–Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) assess individualized QoL using a semistructured interview technique. Here we report findings from the first administration of the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW to patients with advanced incurable cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: QoL was assessed on a single occasion using the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW in 80 patients with advanced incurable cancer. RESULTS: All patients were able to complete the SEIQoL-DW, and 78% completed the SEIQoL. Of a possible score of 100, the median QoL global score was as follows: SEIQoL, 61 (range, 24 to 94); SEIQoL-DW, 60.5 (range, 6 to 95). Psychometric data for SEIQoL indicated very high levels of internal consistency (median r = .90) and internal validity (median R2 = 0.88). Patients' judgments of their QoL were unique to the individual. Family concerns were almost universally rated as more important than health, the difference being significant when measured using the SEIQoL-DW (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced incurable cancer were very good judges of their QoL, and many patients rated their QoL as good. Judgments were highly individual, with very high levels of consistency and validity. The primacy given to health in many QoL questionnaires may be questioned in this population. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to clinical assessment and advance directives.

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