scholarly journals Cruciferous vegetables and colo-rectal cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lynn ◽  
Andrew Collins ◽  
Zoë Fuller ◽  
Kevin Hillman ◽  
Brian Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Large Measurement

Cruciferous vegetables have been studied extensively for their chemoprotective effects. Although they contain many bioactive compounds, the anti-carcinogenic actions of cruciferous vegetables are commonly attributed to their content of glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are relatively biologically inert but can be hydrolysed to a range of bioactive compounds such as isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles by the plant-based enzyme myrosinase, or less efficiently by the colonic microflora. A number of mechanisms whereby ITC and indoles may protect against colo-rectal cancer have been identified. In experimental animals cruciferous vegetables have been shown to inhibit chemically-induced colon cancer. However, the results of recent epidemiological cohort studies have been inconsistent and this disparity may reflect a lack of sensitivity of such studies. Possible explanations for the failure of epidemiological studies to detect an effect include: assessment of cruciferous vegetable intake by methods that are subject to large measurement errors; the interaction between diet and genotype has not been considered: the effect that post-harvest treatments may have on biological effects of cruciferous vegetables has not been taken into account.

scholarly journals Cruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancer: epidemiological evidence

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Kyung Kim ◽  
Jung Han Yoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable

Over several decades a number of epidemiological studies have identified the inverse associations between cruciferous vegetables and the risk of several cancers, including gastric, breast, colo-rectal, lung, prostate, bladder and endometrial cancers, via plausible physiological mechanisms. Although retrospective case–control studies have consistently reported inverse associations between the risk of these cancers and the intake of cruciferous vegetables and isothiocyanate-containing plants, current prospective cohort studies have found these associations to be weaker and less consistent. Genetic variations affecting the metabolism of glucosinolate hydrolysis products may modulate the effects of cruciferous vegetable consumption on cancer risk, which may be one of the reasons for the discrepancies between retrospective and prospective studies. In addition, methodological issues such as measurement errors of dietary exposure, misclassification, recall bias, publication bias, confounding and study design should be carefully considered in interpreting the results of case–control and cohort studies and in drawing conclusions in relation to the potential effects of cruciferous vegetables on cancers. Although recent comprehensive reviews of numerous studies have purported to show the specific protective role of cruciferous vegetables, and particularly Brassicas, against cancer risk, the current epidemiological evidence suggests that cruciferous vegetable consumption may reduce the risk only of gastric and lung cancers. However, there is at present no conclusive evidence that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables attenuates the risk of all other cancers.

scholarly journals Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with extensive abdominal aortic calcification in elderly women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Blekkenhorst ◽  
Marc Sim ◽  
Simone Radavelli-Bagatini ◽  
Nicola P. Bondonno ◽  
Catherine P. Bondonno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Calcification ◽  
Lateral Spine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abstract We have previously shown that higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is inversely associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness. To further test the hypothesis that an increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced indicators of structural vascular disease in other areas of the vascular tree, we aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between cruciferous vegetable intake and extensive calcification in the abdominal aorta. Dietary intake was assessed, using a FFQ, in 684 older women from the Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome Study. Cruciferous vegetables included cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and broccoli. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was scored using the Kauppila AAC24 scale on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry lateral spine images and was categorised as ‘not extensive’ (0–5) or ‘extensive’ (≥6). Mean age was 74·9 (sd 2·6) years, median cruciferous vegetable intake was 28·2 (interquartile range 15·0–44·7) g/d and 128/684 (18·7 %) women had extensive AAC scores. Those with higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables (>44·6 g/d) were associated with a 46 % lower odds of having extensive AAC in comparison with those with lower intakes (<15·0 g/d) after adjustment for lifestyle, dietary and CVD risk factors (ORQ4 v. Q1 0·54, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·97, P = 0·036). Total vegetable intake and each of the other vegetable types were not related to extensive AAC (P > 0·05 for all). This study strengthens the hypothesis that higher intake of cruciferous vegetables may protect against vascular calcification.

scholarly journals Associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and selected biomarkers among women scheduled for breast biopsies

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
Lauren L Atwell ◽  
Paige E Farris ◽  
Emily Ho ◽  
Jackilen Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and selected tumour biomarkers for histone acetylation (H3K9ac, H3K18ac, HDAC3 and HDAC6), proliferation (Ki-67) and cell-cycle regulation (p21) from breast tissue.DesignThe study used baseline data of women recruited to participate in a clinical trial of sulforaphane supplement. Dietary cruciferous vegetable intake was collected through a validated Arizona Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Questionnaire. Breast tissue was obtained from biopsy samples. Spearman correlations were calculated between intake of specific cruciferous vegetables and biomarkers. Tissue biomarkers were log2-transformed to obtain approximate normality. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and biomarkers adjusting for age and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple comparisons.SettingClinical trial baseline.SubjectsFifty-four women who had abnormal mammogram findings and were scheduled for breast biopsy.ResultsMean intake of total cruciferous vegetables from all food sources was 81·7 (sd 57·3) g/d. Mean urinary total sulforaphane metabolites was 0·08 (sd 0·07) µm/mm creatinine. Total cruciferous vegetable intake was inversely associated with Ki-67 protein expression in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tissue (β=−0·004; se=0·001; FDR q value=0·03), but not in benign or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue. No association was found for other biomarkers measured (HDAC3, HDAC6, H3K9, H3K18 and p21) in all tissues examined (benign, DCIS and IDC).ConclusionsThe present study sought to provide additional evidence for the potential role of sulforaphane in histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Here, we report that total cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with decreased cell proliferation in breast DCIS tissue.

scholarly journals Stability of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Thai Cruciferous Vegetables during In Vitro Digestion

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyarut Puangkam ◽  
Wipawan Muanghorm ◽  
Nattaya Konsue
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Mustard Green

Raphanus sativus (L.) var. caudatus Alef (Thai rat-tailed radish), Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (leaf mustard) and Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. var. sareptana Sinskaja (mustard green) are cruciferous vegetable commonly consumed in Thailand and Asian countries. The vegetables were extracted with different solvents namely methanol, hexane and water prior to total phenolic content (TPC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) content and antioxidant activity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay were determined. Effects of gastrointestinal digestion on stability of these characteristics were investigated. It was found that the order of extraction efficiency for high bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was water> methanol> hexane. Among vegetables, mustard green showed the highest TPC, PEITC, FRAP and DPPH values being 19.78±0.01 g GAE, 9.65 ± 1.08 µmol, 8.18±0.01 µM FeSO4 and 7.75±0.31 µM TE per 100g, respectively. Decreases in DPPH (30.6-53.5%), FRAP (49.0-88.0%) and PEITC (27.2-56.7%) values were slightly higher than TPC (27.9-41.6%) after in vitro digestion. It can be said that Thai cruciferous vegetables contain substantial chemical property and this may promote their health protection but the stability through digestive system should be warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic Acid, a Common Metabolite of Isothiocyanates as a Potential Biomarker of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake (P06-017-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dushani Palliyaguru ◽  
Sonia Salvatore ◽  
Francisco Schopfer ◽  
Xuemei Cheng ◽  
Jingyang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Objectives Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with favorable health outcomes that are attributed to bioreactivity of isothiocyanates. These compounds exert effects that contribute to prevention of disease, in large part through attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, much about isothiocyanate metabolites and their role as biomarkers of crucifer intake remain unknown. Methods In a clinical trial, we tested the utility and limitations of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA), an isothiocyanate-derived metabolite, as a urinary biomarker of broccoli beverage intake in a randomized crossover clinical trial where 50 participants consumed either a glucoraphanin-rich (GRR) or sulforaphane-rich (SFR) beverage. Results Compared to run-in and wash-out periods, we observed significantly higher urinary TTCA after broccoli beverage consumption. Measurements also showed that TTCA was present in beverage powders and in all tested cruciferous vegetables. GRR resulted in excretion of ∼87% of the ingested TTCA while SFR resulted in excretion of ∼176%. Elevated urinary TTCA was also observed in rats administered 100 µmol/kg sulforaphane (SFN). Unlike SFN, TTCA did not activate nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated cytoprotective signaling. Conclusions Collectively, TTCA appears to be a common isothiocyanate-derived metabolite that has the capacity to be utilized as a biomarker of cruciferous vegetables that would be beneficial for objective and quantitative tracking of intake in studies. Funding Sources Breast Cancer Research Foundation, NIH R35CA197222, R21AI122071, R01GM125944, R01DK112854, AHA17GRN33660955 and Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Research Foundation, Shandong Academy for Chinese Medicine 2015–317.

scholarly journals The role of heterocyclic aromatic amines in colorectal cancer: the evidence from epidemiologic studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Le Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Cancer Multiple

AbstractSince Dr. Sugimura’s discovery of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) in broiled fish, many epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate their role in human cancers, often focusing on colorectal cancer. The difficulty in measuring HAA exposure from meat and fish intake in these studies has resulted in inconsistent findings. Because studying individuals who may be particularly susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of HAA might facilitate the demonstration of a link with cancer, multiple studies have focused on individuals with the high activity phenotype for CYP1A2 and/or NAT2, the two main metabolic enzymes involved in the bioactivation of HAA. These investigations have also yielded inconsistent results. Two recent large pooled analyses of colorectal cancer studies have helped clarify the overall evidence. One was conducted in whites and reported no interaction of red meat intake and NAT2 genotype on risk in Whites. The other was conducted in Japanese and African Americans, two populations with high rates of the disease and a prevalence of the at-risk rapid NAT2 phenotype 10- and 2-fold greater than in whites, respectively. In those groups, a significant interaction was found, with the association of red meat with colorectal cancer being strongest among individuals with the rapid NAT2 phenotype, intermediate among those with the intermediate phenotype and not significant among those with the slow NAT2 phenotype. Recent research on biomarkers has focused on PhIP hair content, as a marker of exposure to HAA, and on DNA adducts using new sensitive quantitative methods, as markers of early biological effects. These advances, when brought to bear, may contribute greatly to the further elucidation of the carcinogenicity of HAA in humans.

scholarly journals The Effect of Random Error in Exposure Measurement upon the Shape of the Exposure Response

Dose-Response ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. dose-response.0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny S. Crump
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Exposure Measurement ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Normally Distributed

Although statistical analyses of epidemiological data usually treat the exposure variable as being known without error, estimated exposures in epidemiological studies often involve considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates the theoretical effect of random errors in exposure measurement upon the observed shape of the exposure response. The model utilized assumes that true exposures are log-normally distributed, and multiplicative measurement errors are also log-normally distributed and independent of the true exposures. Under these conditions it is shown that whenever the true exposure response is proportional to exposure to a power r, the observed exposure response is proportional to exposure to a power K, where K < r. This implies that the observed exposure response exaggerates risk, and by arbitrarily large amounts, at sufficiently small exposures. It also follows that a truly linear exposure response will appear to be supra-linear—i.e., a linear function of exposure raised to the K-th power, where K is less than 1.0. These conclusions hold generally under the stated log-normal assumptions whenever there is any amount of measurement error, including, in particular, when the measurement error is unbiased either in the natural or log scales. Equations are provided that express the observed exposure response in terms of the parameters of the underlying log-normal distribution. A limited investigation suggests that these conclusions do not depend upon the log-normal assumptions, but hold more widely. Because of this problem, in addition to other problems in exposure measurement, shapes of exposure responses derived empirically from epidemiological data should be treated very cautiously. In particular, one should be cautious in concluding that the true exposure response is supra-linear on the basis of an observed supra-linear form.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Carcinogenesis and the Mechanism Underlying by the Influence of Indole-3-carbinol and Its Metabolite 3,3′-Diindolylmethane: A Therapeutic Marvel

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Maruthanila ◽  
J. Poornima ◽  
S. Mirunalini
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Dimeric Product ◽  
Indole Glucosinolate

Rising evidence provides credible support towards the potential role of bioactive products derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, brussels sprouts, turnips, kohlrabi, bok choy, and radishes. Many epidemiological studies point out thatBrassicavegetable protects humans against cancer since they are rich sources of glucosinolates in addition to possessing a high content of flavonoids, vitamins, and mineral nutrients. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) belongs to the class of compounds called indole glucosinolate, obtained from cruciferous vegetables, and is well-known for tits anticancer properties. In particular, I3C and its dimeric product, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), have been generally investigated for their value against a number of human cancersin vitroas well asin vivo. This paper reviews an in-depth study of the anticancer activity and the miscellaneous mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenicity thereby broadening its therapeutic marvel.

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