The impact of trade openness on technical efficiency in the agricultural sector of the European Union

The study concerns the measurement of the technical efficiency of agriculture in the 27 European Union (EU) countries in 2010. The studies were conducted based on the result-oriented DEA method assuming variable advantages of scale. Moreover, in the study, the factors affecting technical efficiency were identified, and the econometric modelling of their impact was performed with the use of the Tobit model. The studies indicate that across the 27 EU Member States, the level of the technical efficiency of agriculture is diverse, and the difference between the states with the highest and the lowest efficiencies is 40%. Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy and Malta were identified as the countries with the thoroughly technically efficient agriculture. In turn, the least technically efficient agriculture is observed for the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Slovakia. Taking into account the factors determining the technical agriculture efficiency, it should be noted that the stimulants have proven to be such factors as: the soil quality, the age of the head of the household and the surcharges for investments. In turn, the size of the farm appeared to be irrelevant from the viewpoint of the technical efficiency of the agricultural sector.

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Are Slovak farms financially healthier as a result of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union?

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112909002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 09002

Author(s):

Tatiana Bencová ◽

Andrea Boháčiková ◽

Marián Tóth ◽

Diana Pindešová

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Common Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Value Added ◽

The European Union ◽

Financial Health ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact

Research background: The main goal of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is to support farmers and improve their productivity. Agriculture is a specific sector of the economy, characterized by income support for farmers to ensure the availability of quality food. However, the question remains whether Slovak farms are financially healthy under the influence of the reformed CAP of European Union (EU)? Purpose of the article: The main goal of the article is to evaluate the financial health of Slovak farms using selected prediction techniques pointing to the impact of the CAP of EU. Methods: We have used data obtained from the financial statements of Slovak farms in the years 2009-2020. The financial health of farms will be assessed using selected generally constructed models of multivariate discriminatory analysis (Altman Z-score, IN 05, Creditworthiness Index, Taffler model), but also prediction models that have been specially constructed for the Slovak agricultural sector, such as G-index and CH-index. To detect the statistical differences between the years 2009-2013 and 2014-2020 in the value of prediction models of farms were used statistical t-tests of conformity in the surveyed sample. Findings & Value added: The results can be evaluated on two levels. The first of them is a look at the analysis of the financial health of Slovak farms in the context of the interpretation of the regulations of the Common Agricultural Policy of EU. The second output is an evaluation of the financial health of farms in the selected time period.

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The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.3.245 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luigi Leonori ◽

Manuel Muñoz ◽

Carmelo Vázquez ◽

José J. Vázquez ◽

Mary Fe Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

European Union ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Outcome Evaluation ◽

World Federation ◽

The European Union ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Homeless Mentally Ill ◽

The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

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Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2017-6-114-127 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 114-127

Author(s):

M. Klinova ◽

E. Sidorova

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Economic Recession ◽

Economic Sanctions ◽

Current Data ◽

The State ◽

The European Union ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu ◽

Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

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The Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the Legal System of Ukraine

Право України ◽

10.33498/louu-2019-06-053 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

ROMAN PETROV

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Legal System ◽

The European Union ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

The Impact

У статті досліджено вплив Суду Європейського Союзу (ЄС) на впровадження і застосування Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС, що викликало безпрецедентні політичні, економічні та правові реформи в Україні. Зокрема, розглядаються конституційні виклики, які постали перед державою під час виконання Угоди в правовій системі. Крім того, досліджено два питання. Перше – ефективне впровадження та застосування Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС в українській правовій системі. Друге – сумісність і відповідність Угоди Конституції України. Проаналізовано останні політичні та правові події в Україні через призму ефективної реалізації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС і зростання проєвропейського правового активізму в державі. На закінчення стверджується, що Угода про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС посилює пристосованість національного конституційного устрою до цілей досягнення європейської інтеграції та застосування європейських спільних цінностей в Україні. Угода про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС створила стійку інституційну та правову основу для застосування acquis ЄС (правового доробку ЄС), включаючи прецедентне право ЄС та комплексне законодавче наближення між законодавством України та ЄС. Однак інституційні реформи, які вже відбулися, не можна вважати цілком достатніми. Верховній Раді України не вдалося запровадити основні та процедурні засади для застосування та впровадження Угоди в правовий порядок України. Однак ця прогалина частково заповнюється зростаючим судовим активізмом в Україні. Вітчизняні судді вже почали посилатися на Угоду про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС і відповідні частини acquis ЄС у своїх рішеннях, тим самим закладаючи основу для регулярного застосування загальних принципів права ЄС у процесі виконання й імплементації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС.

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Euratom and Brexit: Could the United Kingdom Maintain One Foot in the European Union? Current Scenarios and Future Prospects of British withdrawal from the EAEC

International and Comparative Law Review ◽

10.2478/iclr-2018-0042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 134-151

Author(s):

Andrea Circolo ◽

Ondrej Hamuľák

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Independent Solution ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

The European Union ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Status ◽

Long Time ◽

Energy Community ◽

The Impact

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The question of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was introduced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automatism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.

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The European Union and Global Governance

10.1093/oso/9780198793342.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Christiansen

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Global Governance ◽

Final Section ◽

The European Union ◽

Test Bed ◽

Way Of Life ◽

New Ideas ◽

The Impact ◽

Global Powers

This chapter discusses whether the European Union has a distinctive take on, and may make a particular contribution to, global governance, as well as the reverse image of the impact that global governance has in the development of integration in Europe. This includes a focus on collective norms and interests as expressed through common institutions, policies, and activities. In doing so, the chapter compares and contrasts the evolution of a supranational order in Europe with the growth of global regimes and the emergence of a multipolar world, and explores the nature of the EU’s relationships with other global powers and regions. In a final section, the chapter asks whether the EU’s relationship with global developments is best seen as a test-bed for new ideas, procedures, and concepts; a construction for the defence of a privileged way of life; or an archaic remnant of a different era.

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Economic and financial position of agricultural enterprises in the period before the accession to the European Union

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/5238-agricecon ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 486-494

Author(s):

Z. Chrastinová

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Business Success ◽

Agricultural Cooperatives ◽

The European Union ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Legal Entities

In the year before the accession to the European Union, the Slovak agricultural sector reported a loss of SKK 2.4 billion and following a profitable year, the earnings were reduced by SKK 2.8 billion. The situation was caused by a number of reasons, namely reduced sales of agricultural products, damage resulting from adverse weather effects (cold weather, hail, drought and  swine fever), as well as widening of the price gap compared to the year before (increasing input prices in agriculture and decreasing purchase prices of agricultural products, especially in livestock production). Legal entities and natural persons experienced mixed business success. While 51% of legal entities made profit, the figure rose to 76% in the group of natural persons. Both the agricultural cooperatives and trading companies performed with a loss. The loss per hectare of agricultural land (a.l.) was substantially lower in the case of business companies. Natural persons - private farmers were profitable over the period. The gap between the profitable and loss-making enterprises has widened. Some 60% of profitable enterprises owned by legal entities made only a small profit below SKK 0.5 million. The loss-making performance was typical for more productive areas of Slovakia. This was related to stronger effects of adverse climate in 2003.

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The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14010017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

José Antonio Peña-Ramos ◽

Philipp Bagus ◽

Dmitri Amirov-Belova

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Blind Spot ◽

Illustrative Case ◽

The European Union ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Strong Argument ◽

The North ◽

The Impact ◽

Energy Supply Security

The “European Green Deal” has ambitious aims, such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While the European Union aims to make its energies greener, Russia pursues power-goals based on its status as a geo-energy superpower. A successful “European Green Deal” would have the up-to-now underestimated geopolitical advantage of making the European Union less dependent on Russian hydrocarbons. In this article, we illustrate Russian power-politics and its geopolitical implications by analyzing the illustrative case of the North Caucasus, which has been traditionally a strategic region for Russia. The present article describes and analyses the impact of Russian intervention in the North Caucasian secessionist conflict since 1991 and its importance in terms of natural resources, especially hydrocarbons. The geopolitical power secured by Russia in the North Caucasian conflict has important implications for European Union’s energy supply security and could be regarded as a strong argument in favor of the “European Green Deal”.

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The Importance of Maritime Transport for Economic Growth in the European Union: A Panel Data Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7961

Author(s):

Alexandra Fratila (Adam) ◽

Ioana Andrada Gavril (Moldovan) ◽

Sorin Cristian Nita ◽

Andrei Hrebenciuc

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

European Union ◽

Panel Data ◽

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Maritime Transport ◽

The European Union ◽

Panel Data Regression ◽

Green Investment ◽

Port Infrastructure ◽

The Impact

Maritime transport is one of the main activities of the blue economy, which plays an important role in the EU. In this paper, we aim to assess the impact of maritime transport, related investment, and air pollution on economic growth within 20 countries of the European Union, using eight panel data regression models from 2007 to 2018. Our results confirm that maritime transport, air pollutants (NOx and SO2) from maritime transport, and investment in maritime port infrastructure are indeed positively correlated with economic growth. In other words, an increase of 10% in these factors has generated an associated increase in economic growth rate of around 1.6%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 0.7% respectively. Alongside the intensity of economic maritime activities, pollution is positively correlated with economic growth, and thus it is recommended that policymakers and other involved stakeholders act to diminish environmental impacts in this sector using green investment in port infrastructure and ecological ships, in accordance with the current European trends and concerns.

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