Concentrations of hormones, glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acids in the plasma of broiler chickens selected for weight gain or food conversion

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Leenstra ◽  
E. Decuypere ◽  
G. Beuving ◽  
J. Buyse ◽  
L. Berghman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Food Conversion

scholarly journals A Clinical Case of Clozapine-Induced Fatal Diabetic Ketoacidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMPsy.S30532
Author(s):  
Eric Romney ◽  
Vinay J. Nagaraj ◽  
Amie Kafer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Altered Metabolism

Introduction Clozapine, a second generation medication, has become the atypical antipsychotic drug of choice for refractory or treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In addition to the high risk of agranulocytosis and seizures, clozapine treatment is increasingly associated with significant metabolic effects, such as hyperglycemia, central weight gain and adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A potentially life-threatening complication of altered metabolism is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This report details a case of fatal DKA in a schizophrenic patient undergoing treatment with clozapine. Case Description An African–American male in his 20s with a medical history significant for schizophrenia was presented to the psychiatric inpatient ward with severe paranoid thoughts and aggressive behavior. After trials of risperidone, olanzapine, and haloperidol—all of which failed to adequately control his psychotic symptoms—clozapine titration was initiated and he showed significant improvement. Weight gain was observed throughout hospitalization, but all blood and urine test results showed no metabolic or hematological abnormalities. The patient was discharged for outpatient treatment on clozapine (125 mg morning and 325 mg evening) along with divalproex sodium and metoprolol. Six days post-discharge, the patient died. A medical autopsy later ruled that the death was due to DKA without any evidence of contributory injuries or natural disease. Results and Conclusion Significant increase in body mass index from 28.7 to 33.5 was observed during hospitalization. The blood glucose level, measured after his death, was found to be 500 mg/dL. Altered metabolism due to clozapine can lead to dyslipidemia-mediated-pancreatic-beta-cell damage, decreased insulin secretion as well as insulin resistance. In DKA, low levels of insulin lead to an increased release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), derived from the breakdown of free fatty acids, is metabolized by the Kreb's cycle. In hepatocytes, excess acetyl-CoA is converted into ketone bodies (acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) and released into circulation. Ketone bodies have a low p Ka value and their high serum concentrations lead to DKA. In this patient, DKA was most probably clozapine induced and had fatal consequences. Thus, recognizing potential risk factors, providing patient education, and increasing monitoring of patients on clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics are critical to prevent the life-threatening effects of DKA.

scholarly journals Productive performance of broiler chickens fed tomato waste

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cavalcante Lira ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke ◽  
Paulo Vanderlei Ferreira ◽  
Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tomato Waste ◽  
Randomized Design

Aiming to evaluate the effect of tomato waste inclusion on productive performance and characteristics of carcass and main broiler chicken cuts, an experiment was carried out using 300 male Cobb chicks, distributed in a complete randomized design, with five rations and five replicates. Diets consisted of control ration based on corn and soybean meal and four rations with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tomato waste. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion and, at the end of experiment, slaughter weight, gutted carcass without feet and head, breast, drumstick, thigh, wing, back, edible guts and belly fat were evaluated every week, as well as it was the yield. Tomato waste increased feed intake in the periods from 1 to 7, 8 to 14 and 29 to 36 days of age and worsened gain weight and feed conversion of broiler chickens up to 29 days of age. Regarding carcass weight (g) and weight of the noble parts, breast, drumstick and thighs decreased linearly in function of the use of tomato waste in poultry on pre- initial and initial phase, that is, up to 28 days old, but yield (%) was not affected except for yield of heart and liver. Use of tomato waste in ration of broiler chickens during the period from 1 to 28 days may decrease weight gain and worsen food conversion. Tomato waste may be used as ration ingredient in ration of broiler chicken in the breeding period from 29 to 42 days of age up to the level of 20% without harming weight gain and feed conversion of poultry.

scholarly journals Coccidiosis in broiler chickens raised in the Araguaína region, State of Tocantins, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Andrade Toledo ◽  
Jefferson Douglas de Moura Almeida ◽  
Katyane de Sousa Almeida ◽  
Fagner Luiz da Costa Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Laboratory School ◽  
Genus Eimeria ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Eimeriosis is responsible for causing serious problems in poultry, mainly characterized by reduced weight gain and abnormalities of food conversion efficiency, thereby causing great economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of eimeriosis in broiler chickens in the Araguaina region, State of Tocantins, Brazil. Samples from five farm properties were collected and sent to the Hygiene and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Federal University of Tocantins. From the parasitological analysis, it was shown that all the properties examined were positive for Eimeria species. 63.1% of the sheds were positive, with findings of oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. mitis and E. tenella. It was concluded that all properties evaluated were positive for four species of the genus Eimeria, thus demonstrating that the sanitary strategies followed in poultry rearing had flaws that allowed pathogens to spread in poultry pens.

scholarly journals Yeast extract and prebiotic in pre-initial phase diet for broiler chickens raised under different temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Karla Silva ◽  
Janaina Della Torre da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Antonio Gravena ◽  
Rafael Henrique Marques ◽  
Fabricio Hirota Hada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens raised under different temperatures that received feed with or without yeast extract and prebiotic in the pre-initial phase. One thousand four hundred and forty one-day old male chicks were used, raised in different climate chambers. Feed with or without the addition of yeast extract and prebiotic was offered only in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days). From the eighth day on, every chick received the same feed, readjusted according to usual recommendations. A randomized complete experimental design was used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three environmental temperatures (hot, comfort and cold) and two levels of yeast extract (with or without) and prebiotic (with or without). The performance of the birds was evaluated considering weight gain, feed intake, food conversion and viability at 42 days of age. Carcass yield and intestinal morphometry were also evaluated. Environmental heat impaired performance and carcass yield. Prebiotic inclusion in the pre-initial feed increased weight gain and enhanced food conversion of birds raised under hot conditions. The inclusion of products in the feed of broiler chickens raised in hot and cold environments has beneficial effects on chicken intestinal villi.

scholarly journals Effects of Modest Weight Gain On Circulating Free Fatty Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffer Pinzon ◽  
Jose R. Medina Inojosa ◽  
Naima Covassin ◽  
An Huang ◽  
Virend K. Somers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Free Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Lee ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
L. J. Lin ◽  
S. Y. Wang ◽  
S. C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Antrodia Cinnamomea ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Superficial Muscle ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Objective: This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product on modulation of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers.Methods: Functional compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were detected in wheat bran (WB) solid-state fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea for 16 days (FAC). In animal experiment, 400 d-old broiler chickens were allotted into 5 groups fed control diet, and control diet replaced with 5% WB, 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC respectively. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, serum antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiles in pectoral superficial muscle were measured.Results: Pretreatment with hot water extracted fermented product significantly reduced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells death induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Birds received 5% and 10% FAC had higher weight gain than WB groups. Cecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria were diminished and increased respectively while diet replaced with FAC. For FAC supplemented groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 35 days only, with catalase elevated at 21 and 35 day. Regarding serum lipid parameters, 10% FAC replacement significantly reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein level in chickens. For fatty acid composition in pectoral superficial muscle of 35-d-old chickens, 5% and 10% FAC inclusion had birds with significantly lower saturated fatty acids as compared with 10% WB group. Birds on the 5% FAC diet had a higher degree of unsaturation, followed by 10% FAC, control, 5% WB, and 10% WB.Conclusion: In conclusion, desirable intestinal microflora in chickens obtaining FAC may be attributed to the functional metabolites detected in final fermented product. Moreover, antioxidant effects observed in FAC were plausibly exerted in terms of improved antioxidant enzymes activities, increased unsaturated degree of fatty acids in chicken muscle and better weight gain in FAC inclusion groups, indicating that FAC possesses promising favorable mechanisms worthy to be developed.

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