scholarly journals Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Lee ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
L. J. Lin ◽  
S. Y. Wang ◽  
S. C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Antrodia Cinnamomea ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Superficial Muscle ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Objective: This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product on modulation of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers.Methods: Functional compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were detected in wheat bran (WB) solid-state fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea for 16 days (FAC). In animal experiment, 400 d-old broiler chickens were allotted into 5 groups fed control diet, and control diet replaced with 5% WB, 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC respectively. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, serum antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiles in pectoral superficial muscle were measured.Results: Pretreatment with hot water extracted fermented product significantly reduced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells death induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Birds received 5% and 10% FAC had higher weight gain than WB groups. Cecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria were diminished and increased respectively while diet replaced with FAC. For FAC supplemented groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 35 days only, with catalase elevated at 21 and 35 day. Regarding serum lipid parameters, 10% FAC replacement significantly reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein level in chickens. For fatty acid composition in pectoral superficial muscle of 35-d-old chickens, 5% and 10% FAC inclusion had birds with significantly lower saturated fatty acids as compared with 10% WB group. Birds on the 5% FAC diet had a higher degree of unsaturation, followed by 10% FAC, control, 5% WB, and 10% WB.Conclusion: In conclusion, desirable intestinal microflora in chickens obtaining FAC may be attributed to the functional metabolites detected in final fermented product. Moreover, antioxidant effects observed in FAC were plausibly exerted in terms of improved antioxidant enzymes activities, increased unsaturated degree of fatty acids in chicken muscle and better weight gain in FAC inclusion groups, indicating that FAC possesses promising favorable mechanisms worthy to be developed.

scholarly journals Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
D. Valent ◽  
L. Arroyo ◽  
E. Fàbrega ◽  
M. Font-i-Furnols ◽  
M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Functions

The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds soaked in wood ash extract as protein feedstuff for broiler chicken production

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
J. E. Imade ◽  
M. O. Odiase
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices

An eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of feeding graded level of soaked pigeon pea meal (SPPM) in wood ash extract or solution on the growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 144 day-old chicks (Anak 2000) were randomly allotted to four treatment diets (1, 2, 3 and 4) in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated three times with twelve birds per replicate, thus, having thirty-six chicks per treatment group. Diet 1 contained 0% SPPM in wood ash extract for 72hours as the control diet, while diets 2, 3 and 4 were formulated to contain 25, 50 and 75% inclusions of SPPM in place of soybean meal. Results showed that the average live weight, daily weight gain and feed intake as well as protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments at the finisher phase. Broiler chickens fed 25% SPPM based diet had a higher (P<0.05) and comparable value of live weight, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio to that recorded in the control diet at the finisher phase. The haematological and serum biochemical indices revealed that albumin and total cholesterol were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment diets. The albumin value (2.2g/dl) was highest in birds fed 50% SPPM, whereas, the cholesterol value decreased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of inclusion of SPPM from 0 to 75%. It therefore implies that SPPM can be partially included in broiler diets up to 25% level with optimum growth performance and without any detrimental effect on the blood profile of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of broiler chickens fed dietary sweet orange peel meal diets with and without enzyme addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
T. A. Sunmola ◽  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
O. I. A. Oluremi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Final Weight

The growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of two hundred and fifty two (252) Abor acre plus broiler chickens fed sweet orange peel meal (SOPM) with and without enzymes were investigated. The experimental diets consist of control (T ), maize was 0 replaced with SOPM at 15, 20 and 25 % without exogenous enzymes to form T , T and T 1 2 3 respectively, and another supplemented with exogenous enzyme to form T , T and T 4 5 6 respectively. The birds were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups replicated three times to have 12 birds per replicate and were fed experimental diet ad-libitum for eight weeks. Result showed that broiler chickens fed control diet (T ) had significantly (P<0.05) 0 higher final weight (FW) of 2.44kg, weight gain (WG) of 42.91, feed intake (FI) of 86.53, better feed conversion ratio (FCR)of 2.01 and protein conversion ratio (PCR)of 0.44 compared to other dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed T and T had significantly 1 4 (P<0.05) higher final weight of 1.98 and 1.98 kg, weight gain of 34.69 and 34.71 g and feed intake of 78.35 and 81.63 g respectively while significantly (P<0.05) least values of 1.75 and 1.80 kg final weight, 30.73 and 31.49 g weight gain and 69.47 and 71.84 g feed intake respectively were recorded in broiler chickens fed T and T . Haematological indices namely: 2 5 PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb were not significantly different (P>0.05) but MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes, heterophil, eosinophil and monocytes differed significantly (P<0.05). Serum biochemical indices namely total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the experimental diets. Though, there was no detrimental effect of SOPM and enzyme on production cost as profit was made at all replacement levels of SOPM with and without enzyme treatment, but profit per bird (N) and cost to benefit ratio revealed the superiority of the broiler chickens fed control diet (T ). Based on the results obtained, 0 SOPM can replace maize up to 25 % without posing any deleterious effect on the broiler chickens growth performance, blood parameters and production cost. However, the cost to benefit ratio was compromised with the use of SOPM. 

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS GRADE CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEYS FED THE GROWTH PROMOTER, AVOPARCIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Two trials were conducted with Nicholas strain turkeys. In trial 1, 300 male poults were reared to 49 days using either initial stages of 'large-turkey' feeding regime, or a situation allowing for diet self-selection of protein and energy. Within these programs, diets were supplemented with 10 ppm avoparcin, while a comparable number of controls received no growth promoter. Avoparcin improved growth rate (P < 0.01) irrespective of age, and improved feed utilization to 35 days of age. This effect was not confounded with the form in which diets were offered. In a second trial a 'broiler-turkey' feeding schedule was used, with birds slaughtered at 88 days. Diet treatments consisted of a control diet containing 33 ppm robenz and test diets containing either 33 ppm robenz + 10 ppm avoparcin or 10 ppm avoparcin alone. Avoparcin improved weight gain (P < 0.05) irrespective of coccidiostat inclusion. Feed utilization and carcass grades were not influenced by diet. The 7% improvement in body weight noted here with avoparcin was substantially greater than that previously observed with broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Meat Quality and Sensory Traits of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens L.) Larvae Fat as Alternative Fat Source

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cullere ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Antonella Dalle Zotte
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Hermetia Illucens

At present, there is limited knowledge about the possible utilization of the fat fraction derived from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae processing. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler finisher diet, on the quality and sensory traits of their meat. At 21 days of age, 120 male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (5 replicates and 8 birds/pen): a basal control diet (C), and two groups in which either 50% or 100% of the soybean oil was replaced with HI larvae fat (the HI50 and HI100 group, respectively). At day 48, 15 birds (3 birds/pen) per group were slaughtered, and breasts and legs were excised and used for meat quality evaluations. Breast and leg physical meat quality, nutritional composition and sensory profile remained substantially unaffected by the dietary treatments. In contrast, the dietary incorporation of HI larvae fat modified the fatty acid (FA) profile of both the breast and leg meat cuts: the proportion of saturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.0001) to the detriment of the polyunsaturated (PUFA) fraction (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the meat n-6/n-3 ratio increased in the HI50 and HI100 groups compared to the C group. HI larvae fat dietary inclusion decreased the monounsaturated fatty acids in the breast (p = 0.0012) but not in the leg meat. Further research should focus on the improvement of the FA profile of the larvae through substrate modulation, or by combining HI larvae with a PUFA-rich feedstuff in feed formulations.

Concentrations of hormones, glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acids in the plasma of broiler chickens selected for weight gain or food conversion

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Leenstra ◽  
E. Decuypere ◽  
G. Beuving ◽  
J. Buyse ◽  
L. Berghman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Food Conversion

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets substituted for maize with two varieties of cassava tuber

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
A. O. Obadimu ◽  
O. O. Oluwatosin ◽  
I. O. Sanni ◽  
A. O. Lala
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Weight

A 56 –day study was conducted to determine the growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed with two varieties (white and yellow) of cassava grit based diets. A total of 240 one day- old unsexed Arbor acre broiler chicks were assigned to eighty dietary treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to include two varieties of cassava, TME 419 (white) and TMS 01 1368 (yellow) at four inclusion levels (0, 25, 50 and 75%). Each treatment consisted of 30 birds and three replicates of 10 birds each. Data was collected on growth performance and nutrient digestibility at the end of the starter (4th week) and finisher (8th week) phases. At the starter phase, birds fed 50% white cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (730.00 and 693.67g/bird). At the finisher phase, birds fed 50% yellow cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (2235.60 and 1454.00g/bird), respectively while the least final weight and weight gain values (2008.80 and 1267.80g/birds) were obtained in birds fed the control diet. At the starter phase, birds fed 75% white cassava grits diet had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.18, while birds fed 25% yellow cassava grits diet as well as those fed the control diet had the least (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.62 and 2.51 respectively. Birds fed 50% yellow as well as those fed 75% yellow cassava grits diets had the highest dry matter and crude fibre digestibility at the starter and finisher phases, respectively. In conclusion the substitution of maize with white cassava grits up to 50% level improved growth performance at the starter phase. However, either white or yellow cassava can be substituted for maize up to 75 % at the finishing phase.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

scholarly journals RESÍDUO GORDUROSO DA INDÚSTRIA DE ÓLEOS VEGETAIS EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO AO ÓLEO DE SOJA EM RAÇÕES PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. M. FERNANDES ◽  
A. FREITAG ◽  
R. ROCHADELLI ◽  
A. M. BURIN ◽  
C. P. CORDEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Male And Female

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o ganho de peso de frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo óleo de soja comparativamente a níveis crescentes de resíduo gorduroso da indústria de óleos vegetais. Foram utilizados 960 pintos de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos, oito repetições e 30 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração testemunha com 3% de óleo de soja e outras três com 60, 80 e 100% de substituição da energia do óleo de soja pela energia do resíduo gorduroso da indústria de óleos vegetais. O desempenho de frangos de corte, machos e fêmeas, suplementados exclusivamente com resíduo gorduroso da indústria de óleos vegetais ou com óleo de soja foi semelhante. Soybean oil replaced by acidulated soapstock in broiler diets Abstract An experiment has been carried out aiming to evaluate the weight gain of broiler chicks fed with diets containing soybean oil and increasing levels of soybean fatty acids. A total of 960 one-day-old chicks were used for the experiment and distributed in a completely randomized delineation, with four treatments, eight repetitions and 30 birds for each experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet containing 3% soybean oil and three experimental diets in which the soybean oil energy is replaced by as much as 60, 80 and 100% of soybean fatty acids respectively. No difference has been found in regard to the weight gain of both male and female broiler chicks fed with rations supplemented either with soybean oil or with soybean fatty acids.

Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-398
Author(s):  
S. I. Ajibola ◽  
S. O. Obasa ◽  
A. K. Akintokun ◽  
I. Abdulraheem
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis

Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepimus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g)were fed Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1-1%; ABL2-2%; ABL3-3% and control-0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ±0.88 x 105 CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABLI. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.

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