Organic acids and their potential role for modulating the gastrointestinal tract, antioxidative status, immune response, and performance in poultry

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

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Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867323666160919111559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (37) ◽

pp. 4946-4967 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anna K. Kiss ◽

Jakub P. Piwowarski

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Health Effects ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Food Products ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

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Do fish erythrocytes have a potential role in the immune response orchestration after viral infection and DNA vaccination

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.111 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1669-1670

Author(s):

M. Ortega-Villaizan ◽

A. Martínez-López ◽

P. García-Valtanen ◽

A.H. Teruel ◽

L. Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Potential Role ◽

Dna Vaccination

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Haptoglobin and Its Related Protein, Zonulin—What Is Their Role in Spondyloarthropathy?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10051131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1131

Author(s):

Magdalena Chmielińska ◽

Marzena Olesińska ◽

Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽

Dariusz Szukiewicz

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Immune System ◽

Potential Role ◽

Acute Phase Protein ◽

Related Protein ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Phase Protein ◽

Its Polymorphism

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein which supports the immune response and protects tissues from free radicals. Its concentration correlates with disease activity in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The Hp polymorphism determines the functional differences between Hp1 and Hp2 protein products. The role of the Hp polymorphism has been demonstrated in many diseases. In particular, the Hp 2-2 phenotype has been associated with the unfavorable course of some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Its potential role in modulating the immune system in SpA is still unknown. This article contains pathophysiological considerations on the potential relationship between Hp, its polymorphism and SpA.

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Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822010000400011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 393-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kleber Giovanni Luz ◽

Felipe Francisco Tuon ◽

Maria Irma Seixas Duarte ◽

Guilherme Mariz Maia ◽

Paulo Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Duodenal Mucosa ◽

Control Group ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Ifn Γ

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.

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Characterization of Creep Feed Consumption and Its Subsequent Effects on Immune Response, Scouring Index and Performance of Weanling Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1989.67102698x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 2698 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

K. L. Barnett ◽

E. T. Kornegay ◽

C. R. Risley ◽

M. D. Lindemann ◽

G. G. Schurig

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Creep Feed ◽

And Performance

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Identification and Probiotic Potency Screening of Cellulolytic Bacilli Isolated from Fecal Pellets and Gastrointestinal Tract of Nypha Worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde), West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Jurnal Biologi Indonesia ◽

10.47349/jbi/17022021/189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 189-195

Author(s):

TR Setyawati ◽

AH Yanti ◽

R. Kurniatuhadi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Acid Tolerance ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Bacterial Identification ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Fecal Pellets ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

E Coli

The bacterial isolates NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 isolated from fecal pellets and gastrointestinal tract of nypha worms (Namalycastis rhodochorde) have cellulolytic, proteolytic activity and produce organic acids. The four isolates have the potency to be developed as probiotics in nypha worm cultivation feed. This study aims to determine the probiotics potency and identify the species of NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 isolate based on 16srDNA sequence. The probiotic potency was carried out by the acid tolerance assays on distilled water and 0.3% acid bile media, and the antimicrobial testing against Escherichia coli (MF exp21.12). Bacterial identification was carried out by sequencing of 16sDNA sequence based on GeneBank data. The results showed that the bacterial isolates of NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 were able to grow on 0.3% distilled water and acid bile media. However, only the NrLtF4 and NrLtF5 inhibited E. coli (MF exp21.12) with halo zones 30 mm and 18 mm, respectively. Blasting results of the 16srDNA sequences showed that the NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 were closely related to Bacillus wiedmannii, Brevibacterium sediminis, Bacillus proteolyticus, and Bacillus paramycoides. The nypha worm bacterial isolates have the potency to be developed as probiotics in nypha worm culture.

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Phytogenic Ingredients from Hops and Organic Acids Improve Selected Indices of Welfare, Health Status Markers, and Bacteria Composition in the Caeca of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3249

Author(s):

Monika Michalczuk ◽

Elisabeth Holl ◽

Anne Möddel ◽

Artur Jóźwik ◽

Jan Slósarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Health Condition ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Antioxidative Status ◽

Entire Experiment

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of phytogenic product-supplemented, organic acid-supplemented, and prebiotic-supplemented diets on the production results, antioxidative status, and selected welfare indices in broiler chickens. A total of 1155 one-day old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group C, no additives; Group A, supplemented with phytogenic supplement (50% hop); and Group P, supplemented with 65% organic acids and their salts, and 30% prebiotic complex. Health condition and production results were monitored during the entire experiment. After 42 days, 10 birds from each dietary treatment group were selected for blood sampling and slaughter analysis. The results obtained revealed that over the whole feeding period, none of the investigated additives significantly affected broiler performance indices. However, feeding the birds treatment-A increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in caecal digesta compared to the other treatments, whereas feeding treatment-P increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus compared to the control treatment. Overall, treatment-A was more effective at increasing relative abundance of Clostridia in birds at 42 days of age than treatment-P. Finally, there were no changes in blood levels of antioxidant indices or liver function indicators.

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