Equality and Special Concern

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 73-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok-Chor Tan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Moral Importance ◽  
Special Concern

IntroductionThe various special concerns and commitments that individuals ordinarily have, for example towards family members, friends, and possibly compatriots, present an interesting challenge for justice. Justice, after all, is said to be blind and imposes demands on persons that ought to be impartial, at least in some respects, to personal ties and relationships. Yet individual special concerns are obviously of moral importance and are deeply valued by participants in these relationships. Thus any conception of justice to be plausible has to be able to accommodate to some extent the various types of valuable and valued special concern characteristic of ordinary social life. In particular, it is important to see how the impartial demands of justice can be maintained while accommodating special concern.

COST-BENEFIT RATIO OF RAISING CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-927
Author(s):  
Martin Harris
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Aging Parents ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wage Earners

"...the motivation to restrict fertility is essentially a question of the balance between the benefits and costs of parenthood. With industrialization, the cost of rearing children increases—especially after the introduction of child labor laws and compulsory education statutes—because the skills which a child must acquire in order to earn a living and be of benefit to its parents take longer to learn. At the same time, the whole context and manner in which people earn their livings becomes transformed. The family ceases to be the locus of any significant form of production activity (other than that of cooking meals and begetting children). Work is no longer something done by family members in or near the family or business. Rather, it is something done at an office, store, or factory in the company of other people's family members. Hence the return flow of benefits from rearing children hinges more and more on their economic success as wage earners and their willingness to help out in the medical and financial crises that parents can expect in their waning years. The availability of painless contraception and the altered structure of economic tasks—the contraception revolution and the job revolution—provide the key to many puzzling aspects of contemporary social life. Longer life spans and spiraling medical costs make it increasingly unrealistic to expect children to give comfort and security to their aging parents. Thus we are in the process of substituting old-age and medical insurance programs for the preindustrial system in which children took care of their aged parents.

scholarly journals N07 A qualitative study of the impact of inflammatory bowel disease on partners

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S611-S612
Author(s):  
P Thapwong ◽  
C Norton ◽  
H Terry ◽  
W Czuber-Dochan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) not only impacts the quality of life of the patient, but also affects their family members. Studies to date have provided an understanding of impact of IBD and IBD implications for people with IBD. However, little is known about the impact of IBD on their family members. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the lived experience of people with IBD and their family members regarding the impacts of IBD on family members and their coping methods. Methods Twelve participants, including six people with IBD with their six partners, were purposively selected, no other family members (parents / children, sibling) came forward to participate in the study. The in-depth, semi-structured online interviews were conducted via Skype, Zoom, or Microsoft Teams between February-June 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke. Results Four main themes emerged during the analysis under the central theme “our relationship with IBD, for better or worse”. IBD affected the partners in terms of their own relationship, relationship with others, everyday life, and emotional and mental well-being. The theme “our relationship” showed the impact of IBD on the relationship between a couple, including the intimate relationship, family planning, role change as partner and carer, and the importance of honest communication. IBD also affected wider relationships with family, children, and social life, but teamwork could mediate negative impact in relationships. Emotional well-being was impacted by living in constant fear and guilt. Humour and knowledge of IBD reduced negative impacts. IBD impacts on everyday life (diet, finances, and travel) for both patients and partners. Planning for uncertain situations was helpful to reduce restrictions. Conclusion The study provides an understanding of IBD impact on partners and the coping strategies from patients and partners’ perspectives. There are wide-ranging implications for health and social care professionals caring for people with IBD and their families. Social support has been recognised as a vital buffering mechanism in facilitating an individual’s adjustment to IBD. Healthcare professionals and researchers may integrate a bio-psycho-social approach into their work with IBD family members. There is a need to develop interventions to help family members of IBD patients to better cope with the illness and to have a more fulfilling life.

scholarly journals Daily Social Life of Older Adults and Vulnerabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social

Introduction: The social integration of older adults is crucial for understanding their risk of infection and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the social lives of older adults differ, which means they are not all vulnerable to COVID-19 in the same way. This study analyzes everyday time use and social contacts of older adults to inform discussions of their vulnerabilities during the pandemic.Methods: Using the 2019 American time use survey (N = 4,256, aged 55 and older), hurdle model regressions were used to examine the relationship between age, gender, and six indicators of the degree of social contact and time use, including (1) time alone, (2) time spent with family members, (3) time spent with non-family members, (4) time spent with people in the same household, (5) number of public spaces visited, and (6) time spent in public spaces.Results: Results showed substantial heterogeneity in everyday time use and social contacts. Time in public places gradually decreased from the oldest-old (85 years or older), old-old (75–84 years), to mid-life (55–64 years) adults. The gaps were not explained by age differences in sociodemographic characteristics and social roles. Compared with mid-life adults, time with family members of the young-old and old-old adults decreased, but time with non-family members increased. Age differences in social roles over the life course partially explained the differences.Conclusions: Should these patterns of time use and social contacts persist during COVID-19; then, such variations in the organization of social life may create different exposure contexts and vulnerabilities to social distancing measures among older adults; such information could help inform interventions to better protect this population.

Abstract 273: What Makes A Good Caregiver For A Destination Therapy LVAD Patient?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James N Kirkpatrick ◽  
Katherine Kellom ◽  
Sarah Hull ◽  
J. E Rame ◽  
Frances K Barg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Advance Directives ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Family Management ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Survey Interviews

OBJECTIVES: The importance of caregivers for destination left ventricular assist device (LVAD-DT) patients is generally recognized, but there is little focus on how to select and prepare the caregiver for this role. METHODS: LVAD-DT patients, caregivers, physicians, social workers and coordinators from 3 institutions participated in qualitative interviews. There were 12 providers (5 VAD coordinators, 3 social workers, 2 surgeons , 2 medical directors) and 13 patients/caregiver pairs (all patients are male; all but 1 caregiver are female, 6 caregivers are over 70). Seven of the 13 patients did not have Advance Directives. Caregivers completed the City of Hope Caregiver Quality of Life (CHQOL-C) survey. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Mean subscale scores on the CHQOL-C were used to contrast caregivers’ responses above and below the mean. RESULTS: Providers emphasized that caregivers must be physically able, emotionally stable and committed. They stated that family members with a health care background are ideal candidates and used phrases such as “meticulous with care” and “serene” to describe competent caregivers. However, they also acknowledged that caregivers can become “overwhelmed” or “anxious,” with the “reality of the daily grind.” They were critical of family members who do not “step up.” Providers did not acknowledge that caregivers’ roles might change over time and did not identify many social supports outside of the LVAD-DT community. Caregivers and patients emphasized effects of LVAD-DT on the nature of their relationships, daily activities and social lives. Caregivers described concerns about the patient’s limited stamina and mobility. Several mentioned that they no longer have an intimate relationship with their spouse. Some described a profound sense of isolation. Caregivers described many home management tasks and for some, almost total physical care of the patient. Caregivers balanced comments such as “of course I love him” with the fact that caregiving is “very trying.” Some described difficulties with patients who have become “more demanding.” Several contrasted the volume of information they received about what to expect with the sense that they were unprepared for the magnitude of the changes. Caregivers were unprepared for discussions about advance directives. Caregivers whose CHQOL-C social subscale score fell above the mean of 6.2 (SD 2.23) on a 10 point Likert scale tended to express more positive coping strategies. By contrast, caregivers with worse quality of social life expressed more financial concerns and more concerns about their own health. Some caregivers described the LVAD as “a blessing” but others referred to it as a curse. For some, the LVAD becomes less of an external machine and, at some point becomes part of the person. DISCUSSION: While clinicians do extensive teaching about life with an LVAD-DT, caregivers still express a sense of unpreparedness and highlight multiple domains of concern, including relationship issues with the patient, and with the device, isolation, and home and family management. This initial qualitative analysis reflects a need for greater emphasis on quality of life for LVAD-DT caregivers.

Global and Specific Disease-Related Information Needs of Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Their Families

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021
Author(s):  
Lesley D. Henley ◽  
Ivor D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Index

A cross-sectional survey of 60 families with a child with cystic fibrosis was undertaken to assess how much family members wanted to be told about the illness, to determine specific information needs concerning selected medical and psychosocial topics, and to determine whether this information had been provided in the past. Self-administered index measures were designed for this purpose. Most family members wanted complete and comprehensive information about cystic fibrosis. A minority of family members claimed they had not received basic medical information. Fathers and siblings wanted more medical information than mothers and patients. The majority of parents and patients wanted a great deal more information on the possible effects of cystic fibrosis on the patient's career, social life, marriage, and reproductive capacity. In general, family members had been given more medical than psychosocial information. Index measures were independent of the effects of patients' age, Shwachman score, and period since diagnosis. Social class was significantly associated with fathers' index measures of their specific information needs and information not given previously.

scholarly journals Experiences of family members of children with cystic fibrosis under the light of Callista Roy

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Cristina Flexa Souza ◽  
Antônio Jorge Silva Correa Júnior ◽  
Mary Elizabeth de Santana ◽  
Ingrid Magali de Souza Pimentel ◽  
Jacira Nunes Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Emotional Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contextual Stimuli

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the experiences of family members of children with cystic fibrosis under the light of the theory of Callista Roy. Method: Qualitative research that used the adaptation theoretical framework of Callista Roy for inductive content analysis. Fifteen family members, in a university hospital, between 23 and 63 years old, participated in the study, from September to October 2018. Results: Two categories were elaborated: “Evaluation of stimuli” and “Evaluation of behaviors”. The first has three subcategories: “focal”, “contextual” and “residual”. And the second, four subcategories: “physiological domain”, “self-concept”, “role function” and “interdependence”. Final Considerations: During the evaluation of stimuli, work overload and stress were identified as focal stimuli. Regarding contextual stimuli, it was noticed that the social life of caregivers was prejudiced. As for residual stimuli, the fear of loss is constant, and it appears that the emotional aspect of family members is the most affected comparing with physical exhaustion.

scholarly journals WORKING WITH A DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY IN THE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Galina Beiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family System ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

Dysfunctional families are families that fail to fulfill the protective and educational function of their children. They are conflicted, affected by addictions, unadapted to life, inefficient in education. The situation of these families is a challenge for the Polish social assistance system. As part of social work with these families, a number of different methods are used, among others empowerment, interdisciplinary work model, work with family assistants, psychological therapies, school for parents, Family Group Conference and day support facilities. The work methods used involve family members based on their resources and aim to ensure that families use their strengths and acquire appropriate care and upbringing skills, achieve balance and gain greater independence in functioning, and regain control over their own lives. Сhanges that take place in social life cause weakening of social ties and the role of the family as a basic environment of human upbringing. Many Polish families are unable to perform the protective, educational, economic, preventative functions of their members, including children. Particularly disadvantaged families - affected by addictions, illnesses, disorders, unadapted to life and ineffective in education - pose a serious threat to the development of children, but also a great challenge for the social assistance system. For many years, social assistance institutions have usually been a source of financial resources to support these families. The current development of the family support system tends to develop effective methods of working with families, these pedagogical tools can be used by social workers and family assistants. Their essence is to influence the restoration of relationships between family members, the improvement of relations and communication, the desire for family reintegration. To this end, actions are taken based on the developed procedures based on the resources inherent in the family to make changes in the functioning of the family system through the forces of its members. The effectiveness of social work with disadvantaged families is enhanced by interdisciplinary activities that involve the use of the knowledge, experience and professional skills of various institutions and non-governmental organizations. Nowadays, the best way to work with such a family is to involve the so-called human factor, which embodies the professionalism and effectiveness of the assistance provided. A crisis family is increasingly perceived as an entity responsible for their own destiny. Working with the family using the above mentioned methods takes into account not only the deficiency of its functioning, but above all its strengths and potentials, which allows it to gradually regain balance, stability and take control of their life.

Self-management of fear due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the changes it has brought to the everyday life (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisi Vlachou ◽  
Alexandros Argyriadis ◽  
Agathi Argyriadi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Third ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The recent pandemic of the new coronavirus, COVID-19, has had financial and social repercussions apart from its consequences to the physical and mental health of humans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to study the way of the self-management of stress and fear which has been caused by the pandemic crisis, as well as the impact of the pandemic on daily living. More specifically, the factors which influenced the management of the symptoms of fear, either in a positive or in a negative way, were studied, and also the ways individuals and their families use to manage fear. METHODS The method which was used was the case study of an adult female who lives and works in a Greek town, during the third curfew, in March 2021. The tool which was used for data collection was the semi-structured interview, by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of 10 open-ended questions. Before the start of the interview, a signed informed consent form was obtained. The questions were divided into three topic areas, with the first concerning the demonstration of stress before the pandemic broke out, the second concerning the fear during the pandemic, and the third dealing with the ways of managing fear, the availability of persons capable of helping, as well as the kind of help she could have sought to cope with this situation. RESULTS The results of this study showed the impact of the curfew restrictions for the management of the pandemic on the daily lives of the people who experience them. Before the start of the pandemic, stress was primarily related to work and to the need of maintaining a routine. Public fear intensified during the pandemic and the lockdown, both in relation to work and in relation to the pandemic itself, and also in relation to its effects on work and social life, and certainly on physical and mental health. Her stress affected the rest of her family members; however, her social network proved to be a significant support. CONCLUSIONS Stress and fear increased during the pandemic and the lockdown which was imposed in Greece in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This stress, which prior to the pandemic was focused mainly on work-related issues, spread to other areas of daily life, a fact that affected all the family members. Discussions and support from the husband, and also from the wider circle of family and friends, helped deal with and manage the situation which was caused by the pandemic, due to the special living conditions which were in force.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Status of Drug Addicted Young People in Dhaka City

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Farial Naima Rahman ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Drug Addiction Treatment

Introduction: Drug addiction is a burning problem in Bangladesh affecting vast population especially the youths. The spread of multi drug use has aggravated the overall situation affecting our personal, economical and social life, impairing health status, increasing crime and other unwanted risky behaviour. Objective: To find out the socio-economical status of drug addicted young population in Dhaka City. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was performed during August 2016 to December 2016 at five drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation centre in Dhaka. A total of 57 habitual drug addicted young people were selected by purposive and convenient method of sampling. The primary data was collected by repeated visit to centers and face to face interview with addicts and their family members using a pre tested semistructured questionnaire containing both closed and open ended query. Collected data were compiled and analyzed later on. Results: Most 45(78.95%) of the drug addicted young people were male and among them 12(21.05%) belonged to age group 15-17 years. Majority of addicts 46(80.71%) were Muslim. Educational qualification of 16(28.07%) samples was upto primary level, 21(36.84%) upto secondary level. Considering occupation, majority were students 14(24.56%) followed by unemployed 12(21.05%), day labourer 9(15.79%). Thirty five (61.40%) were the lone earning member of their family. Twelve people (21.05%) had monthly income of family below 10,000 taka. Most of the samples (64.91%) stayed in extended type of family. Thirty seven (75.51%) collected money for drug from family members and stealing from house followed by criminal activities 26(53.06%). Majority of the addicts (85.96%) started taking drugs after being influenced by friends. Causes of drug addiction included unemployment 12(21.05%), peer pressure 9(15.79%) and influence of foreign culture 8(14.03%). The commonly used drugs included- Barbiturate/sedatives 32(56.14%), Yaba 28(49.12%), Toluene/aica 22(38.59%). Oral route was the commonest 48(84.21%) followed by Injection 9(15.79%). Commonest place of drug addiction included dance bar/club house 18(31.58%), isolated room/mess 14(24.56%), open field 12(21.05%) and railway/ bus station 9(15.79%). Conclusion: The dangers of drug addiction have been shifted from upper to middle and lower middle class population of our country. Elaborate national plan is needed to motivate young generation for involvement in study and productive activities. Preventive measures for drug smuggling and addiction are needed to be taken with great caution. More drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation centres are required to combat present situation. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 15-20

scholarly journals نبی کریم ﷺ کی خانگی و معاشرتی زندگی کے اہم پہلو

rahatulquloob ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Prof. DR. Zafar ul Islam Islahi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common People ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holy Quran

The Holy Quran Says:“Indeed in (the life of) the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad SAW) you have a good example to follow” (Al-Ahzab: 33/21). The present article shows that “the good example” of the Prophet (SAW) encompasses different aspects of human life including family and social one. The article brings to light that as a guardian of the household; the Prophet (SAW) sincerely looked after the daily needs of his family members and also took full care of guiding them in religious matters. He was habitual of doing his own works and sharing the burden of his family in domestic works. He gave preference to the needy among the companions (particularly Ashab-i- Suffah) over his family members in giving assistance for meeting the day-today requirements. With regard to the social life of the Prophet (SAW), the article discusses in detail that with multifarious duties, how he used to fulfill his social responsibilities regularly and faithfully. The author mainly emphasizes the active participation of the Prophet (SAW) in the collective works with his companions, strictly adhering to the principle of equality and desiring no distinction for himself while doing works. The article further takes into account the ideal practices of the Prophet (SAW) with regard to attending to the needs of poor, distressed and grieved persons without any discrimination between Muslims and non-Muslims. It also comes to light that the Prophet (SAW) was quite generous towards guests and sympathetic to patients including Muslims and non-Muslims. His mingling and associating with common people and attending to their problems of varied nature was also a striking feature of his social life. Moreover, it was also shown in the article with reference to the authentic sources, that the Prophet (SAW) was great helpful and cooperative particularly for the people of the weaker sections of society including slaves, servants, orphans, widows and disabled persons. In the light of the noble practices of the Prophet (SAW), this was highlighted by the contributor in the different parts of the article that he had left ideal examples of gentleness, justice, equality and transparency in dealing with people in social life and discharging his duties as the Prophet and head of the state. In fact, the total conformity (mutabaqat) between his sayings and practices was a shining example of his high character which had left a great and lasting impact on the society through ages and also contributed to make him the greatest personality of the world. It was observed by the author in the conclusion that the life of the Prophet (SAW) has been ideal from every aspect of human life. His Uswah-i- Mubarakah regarding social life has great importance from the point of view that it is mostly related to the fulfillment of human rights, particularly behaving and dealing with the people different shades. Of course, taking care and fulfillment of human rights is full of difficult trials and complicated problems especially in the present days. So, the Sirah of the Prophet (SAW) is quite relevant to tackle the problems of social life, as well as great useful for bringing reform in the decaying society of modern period.

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