Why don't Russians fear the Chinese? The Chinese factor in the self-identification process of Russia

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Curanović
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
The West ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Historically speaking, the self-identification process of Russia has revolved around the West–East axis. However, there has been a considerable asymmetry in the impact of these two poles. In this article I will argue that “the West” was a dominating concept in the self-narration of Russians and “the East” was mostly a function of the interaction between Russia and the West. The difference in the level of attention and emotions which Russia manifests towards the West and the East has been caused by the religious factor, which was crucial for shaping Russia's identity and her sense of uniqueness. While the West and Western Christianity presented a challenge to the Orthodox fundamentals of Russia's self-image, China was neutral in terms of religious identity. The negligible importance of the religious factor added to rationality in Russian policy towards China. In the article I analyze the Chinese factor in Russia's self-identification process in the context of Moscow's attitude towards the West and the East by using two main elements: identity and fear. Comparing the historical pattern with the present one, I attempt to determine the consequences of these two factors for the Russian Federation.

The impact of group psychotherapy on the self-image and self-feelings

Group ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Flapan ◽  
Gerd H. Fenchel
Keyword(s):  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Impact

International Law and its Impact on The Hijaz

The Hijaz ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 155-204
Author(s):  
Malik R. Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 6 is an international legal examination of the status of The Hijaz in the aftermath of its conquest and absorption into a Saudi personal union. It discusses the impact of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States as well as the Territorial Principle. The Chapter tackles the legal question of secession and warns against the pitfalls of the ‘Self-Determination Trap’. It draws lessons from the difference between involuntary extinction of states as opposed to their creation. By looking at the cases of Czechoslovakia and Quebec it tackles the issue of ‘the Right to Secession by Agreement’. The Chapter reflects on lessons from Scotland, Catalan and Kurdistan highlighting that The Hijaz presents us with a delicate and nuanced understanding of ‘Internal Self-Determination’ and ‘Autonomy’ establishing, de facto, an international legal status of “Self-Determination Spectrum Disorder”. A special status calls for an active and special legal solution. The notion of a broader integrative role for The Hijaz and the broader Islamic world. The potential integrative institutionalization of The Hijaz is investigated bringing to bare a unique approach to self-determination that would entail coupling autonomy with international territorial administration. The propositions under this Chapter are supported by looking at other sui generis entities such as the Holy See being sovereigns without being states.

The Impact of Arabic on Wolof Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Muna Aljhaj-Saleh Salama Al-Ajrami
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
Know How ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Verb Conjugation ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to study Wolof people in terms of their origin, background, and language. It will also discuss the factors that led Arabic to spread among the members of this tribe, such as the religious factor after the spreading of Islam in the West of Africa (i.e. Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia), where Wolof people reside. The commercial factor also affected the spreading of Arabic language in the aforementioned areas. In addition to that, the emigration factor of some Arab tribes from Egypt and the Arab peninsula that resided in the far west of Africa for economic and political reasons had an impact on the spreading. Finally, the study will show the impact of Arabic Language on Wolof Language as the following:  1) the Arabic phonetics and their alternatives in this language; 2) the borrowed vocabulary in Wolof language from Arabic; and 3) Conduct a contrastive analysis in verb conjugation, masculinity and femininity, and definiteness and indefiniteness between the two languages to know how far Arabic Language has impacted Wolof Language.

scholarly journals The Impact of Aeolus wind observations on the West African Monsoon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurus Borne ◽  
Peter Knippertz ◽  
Martin Weissmann ◽  
Michael Rennie ◽  
Alexander Cress
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
West African ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
African Monsoon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

<p>Tropical Africa is characterized by the world-wide largest degree of mesoscale convective organisation. During boreal summer, the wet phase of the West African Monsoon (WAM), the midlevel African easterly jet (AEJ) over the Sahel allows for the formation of synoptic-scale African easterly waves (AEWs) with a maximum intensity close to the West African coast. AEWs interact with convection and its mesoscale organization through modifications in humidity, temperature and vertical wind shear, and often serve as initial disturbances for tropical cyclogenesis. In addition, rainfall can be modulated by other types of tropical waves such as Kelvin or mixed Rossby gravity waves. Upper-tropospheric conditions are dominated by the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), whose variability appears to be connected to convective activity. Overall, our quantitative understanding of the WAM system is still limited. The observational network over the region is sparse and rainfall forecasts with current Numerical Weather Prediction models are hardly better than climatology.</p><p>The Aeolus satellite launched in 2018 offers a great opportunity to further investigate the WAM with an unprecedented density of free-tropospheric wind data. Assimilating Aeolus wind observations in denial experiments using the current operational system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) shows that the main circulation features of the WAM are greatly impacted: the AEJ and the TEJ are systematically weaker and stronger respectively by~1m/s in the analysis fields including Aeolus data. As a consequence AEWs also show a weakening in the propagation amplitude. We are currently investigating the contributions of the HLOS (horizontal line-of-sight) Rayleigh and Mie wind observations to these observed differences. Mie observations (i.e., those related to backscatter from hydrometeors and aerosol particles) seems to contribute strongly to the difference in the AEJ, which lies within a convectively active region with a high aerosol load. On the other hand, the difference seen in the TEJ appears to originate mostly in the Rayleigh (i.e., clear air) observations. Surprisingly, the ascending and descending HLOS observations contribute differently to the data impact, possibly revealing a remaining bias or model problems with the diurnal cycle. Future work will include systematic comparisons between the operational systems of DWD and ECMWF to understand the influence of different data assimilation approaches as well as the impact on forecasts.</p>

What the Axis of Evil Metaphor Did to Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Heradstveit ◽  
Matthew G. Bonham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Main Target ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article focuses on the Axis of Evil metaphor that was used by President George W. Bush in his State of the Union Address in 2002 to represent Iran, Iraq, and North Korea. After describing "axis" as a metonym for fascism and Nazism, and "evil" as a metonym for Satanic forces that implies an alliance of Iran, Iraq, and North Korea that is collectively responsible for evil deeds, the authors analyze the impact of this metaphor on Iranian self-image and politics. The data for this analysis are drawn from in-depth interviews conducted with 18 members of the Iranian oppositional elite. The interview results suggest that the Axis of Evil metaphor had an impact on political discourse in Iran and strengthened the rhetorical position of conservatives vis-à-vis reformers by reviving militant revolutionary language with the Great Satan (the United States) as the main target of the theocratic and conservative forces. The article concludes with some observations about the implications of using cultural and historical experiences for explaining differences between the ways in which Americans (and other people in the West) and Iranians have understood the metaphor.

Chinese and Western Cultural Differences Embodied in Industrial Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 754-759
Author(s):  
C. Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Design ◽  
The West ◽  
Common People ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article mainly describes the development of Chinese design culture and the impact of culture in Germany, Italy and Scandinavian countries on industrial design. Then it analyzes differences from perception of nature, value, thinking mode and aesthetic point between China and the West. It compares the difference of industrial design in different countries and impact of different cultures on industrial design. It systematically studies the relationship between culture and industrial design. The key point in design is use of culture. The innovative point in this article is to apply the cultural elements to industrial design. In design, the combination of cultural elements and products should be natural and proper. The cultural elements and products should have something in common. People should not superficially impose cultural symbols on the appearance of product.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of Virtual Reality Gaming on the Formation of Self-Image in Early School-Age Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
V.G. Pahomova
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
The Self ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Aged Child ◽  
The Impact

The article investigates the problem of interaction between a modern primary school-aged child and the field of virtual reality gaming and, in particular, the impact of virtual reality on the formation of self-image. Our study enabled us to explore the differences in the self-image in active and non-active players of roleplaying video games. The outcomes proved that there are certain changes in the self-image of active players related to their self-identification with characters of computer games according to their individual psychological features, whereas for children who engage in non-role-playing games such identification is not common. It was found that non-active children players generally have positive selfacceptance and do not suffer from feelings of anxiety and abandonment; active players, on the opposite, often demonstrate inadequate self-esteem, anxiety and a tendency to self-actualise in virtual reality gaming.

scholarly journals Pension insurance in Russia and in the modern world: trends and prospects.

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Razumov ◽  
Dmitrij Nikolaevich Ermakov ◽  
Galina Vladimirovna Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
The West ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Western Experience ◽  
Pension Payments

The article analyzes the main aspects of economic efficiency of annuity assurance policy in Russia. The general trends in the development of pension systems in the countries of the West, the difference between Russia and the West in this aspect are revealed. The author offers to make the pension system of Russia more socially just and close to the ideas of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The linkage of pension payments to the interest rate is seen as an ineffective and dangerous approach in modern Russian conditions to the organization of pension provision for the population, for which there is a negative Western experience. The purpose of this article is to designate the most suitable way for Russia to develop the pension reform within the framework of the review of the study of problems of increasing the efficiency of the pension system in Russia.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Impact of Rainfall on Taxi Hailing and Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Sun ◽  
He Dong ◽  
Guoyang Qin ◽  
Ye Tian
Keyword(s):  
Search Time ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Passenger Demand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Improve Service Quality ◽  
Quantitative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rainy Days

Adverse weathers are well-known to impact the operation of transportation systems, including taxis. This paper utilizes taxi GPS waypoint data to investigate the quantitative impact of rainfall on taxi hailing and taxi operations to help improve service quality on rainy days. Through statistical analysis, the study proves that it is more difficult to hail taxis on rainy days, especially during morning peak hours. By modelling the difference value of factors for rainfall and nonrainfall conditions in a multivariate regression model and attaining the significance and elasticity of each factor, passenger demand, taxi supply, search time and velocity are proved to be the significant factors that lower the taxis’ level of service on rainy days. Among them, the number of passengers and taxis are two factors that have the greatest impact. It is also shown that there is no significant difference in the total taxi supply and passenger demand between rainfall and nonrainfall conditions, but a dramatic change in the spatial distribution is discovered. The results suggest that instead of simply providing more taxis on rainy days, optimally dispatching taxicabs to high demand regions can be a more effective solution.

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