Representing minorities in the city. Education policies and minority incorporation in the capital cities of Estonia and Latvia†

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licia Cianetti
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article explores the relationship between minority city-level and state-level political representations through the analysis of the contested implementation of state education policies in Tallinn and Riga. Referring to the US debate on this issue, the article asks what role minority incorporation into city-level power structures can play for its substantive representation. The comparison between Tallinn and Riga reveals two potential answers to this question. The case of Riga illustrates how city-level representation can be an alternative representativechannelthrough which the minority can put pressure on state government and magnify its political voice within the country's democratic space. On the contrary, the case of Tallinn illustrates how a municipality can be an alternativelocusof representation, which does not guarantee minority empowerment but rather entraps the minority at the local level within the implicit understanding that the minority (or at least the parties that get the minority vote) can “have its share” locally, but it cannot hope to influence state policies. The comparison between the two cases reveals different levels of legitimacy of the minority's voice in the democratic debate of Estonia and Latvia, and shows the risks and opportunities linked to the two models of minority city-level incorporation.

Optimising horizontal and vertical partnership connections: bringing partnerships together to create a network advantage

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Wallace
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Partnership Network ◽  
Local Partnerships ◽  
Network Advantage

Partnerships bring actors together to make horizontal connections between organisations. This has proven to be an effective model at the local level in Ireland. This paper explores possibilities for local partnerships to come together through a network to make vertical connections to national policy processes. It is written as a practice and innovation paper by the national coordinator of the Community Partnership Network in Ireland. A review of current practice and expectations of the Community Partnership Network indicates there has been greater success in providing support to members compared with impacts from strong vertical connections. This experience is common for a range of local actors in the community development sector in Ireland who find that there are insufficient meaningful connections between local and national institutions. This limits the opportunity for transfer of knowledge from the local level to inform national policy. Going forward, the notion of network advantage is explored as a means to make the necessary vertical connections. It is proposed that the outcomes from a network should cover the dimensions of: joint value creation, mutual capacity development and collective engagement with decision makers. There is real opportunity to apply this in Ireland as the three networks representing local development are about to merge into a single representative body for what are now local integrated development partnerships. Thinking about network advantage also provides possible application for creating stronger vertical linkages between local partnerships in Victoria, Australia and bodies at the state level, including the Victorian State Government.

scholarly journals My school is my nation project: paths for the construction of school identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. e16475
Author(s):  
Renata Pereira de Lacerda ◽  
Rosebelly Nunes Marques
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Democratic Management ◽  
State Education ◽  
Integral Education ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
Education Network ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Results

This study presents and discusses the actions for the implementation of a project. The project was started in a school unit in the State Education Network in the state of Sao Paulo in the Integral Education [PEI], located in the city of Piracicaba – SP, as a way to guarantee the expansion of democratic management within the school, The objective of this work was to present and discuss the relationship between the constitution of the project in a comprehensive way, with the results of the actions that have already been carried out at the school. The school’s documents were analyzed, as well as the legal documents and the relevant bibliography. These all have a purpose to theoretically support the project, giving it a well-founded basis for its implementation. The purpose is to expand the democratic rights within the unit to allow Class Assemblies, corroborating with the democratic management, which will provide the school with a path towards its own identity. Along with the studied literature, the school’s internal documents and the results of the actions already carried out at the school, all validate the project’s viability. There is legal support for its implementation by meeting these proposals. Positive results corroborated the continuity of the successful practices by the analysis of data and the actions already carried out at the school which gives the full implementation of the project.

M-Government Initiatives at the Local Level

2007 ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis V. Casaló ◽  
Carlos Flavián ◽  
Miguel Guinalíu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
City Council ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Government Level

This chapter introduces the concept of m-government and its implications for both citizens and public institutions. Although m-government is currently in an initial phase of development, its potential in the relationship between the public sector and the citizen is obvious because of, for example, the large number of mobile phone users among the public. In addition, the development of m-government initiatives generates a good number of bene?ts for the public sector that operates it as well as for the public, who experience improved accessibility to electronic public services. Because of this, this chapter analyses m-government initiatives developed by the Zaragoza City Council (Spain) in order to describe its bene?ts, implications for the relationship between the City Council and the citizen, and the future perspectives of these initiatives. We have speci?cally chosen a country like Spain due to the fact that mobile telephone usage is widespread and, at the same time, local government level has been chosen as the citizen participates more in the relationship with the public sector when it is at the local level.

Sodium menu labelling: priorities for research and policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eleanore Alexander ◽  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Kimberly A Gudzune ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Emma E McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legal Databases ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Objective: To understand the different Na menu labelling approaches that have been considered by state and local policymakers in the USA and to summarise the evidence on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Design: Proposed and enacted Na menu labelling laws at the state and local levels were reviewed using legal databases and an online search, and a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Setting: Local and state jurisdictions in the USA Participants: Not applicable. Results: Between 2000 and 2020, thirty-eight laws – eleven at the local level and twenty-seven at the state level – were proposed to require Na labelling of restaurant menu items. By 2020, eight laws were enacted requiring chain restaurants to label the Na content of menu items. Five studies were identified that evaluated the impact of Na menu labelling on Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers in the USA. The studies had mixed results: two studies showed a statistically significant association between Na menu labelling and reduced Na content of menu items; three showed no effects. Conclusion: Data suggest that Na menu labelling may reduce Na in restaurant menu items, but further rigorous research evaluating Na menu labelling effects on Na content of menu items, as well as on the Na content in menu items purchased by consumers, is needed.

M-Government Initiatives at the Local Level

2011 ◽  
pp. 3033-3047
Author(s):  
Luis V. Casaló ◽  
Carlos Flavián ◽  
Miguel Guinalíu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
City Council ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Government Level

This chapter introduces the concept of m-government and its implications for both citizens and public institutions. Although m-government is currently in an initial phase of development, its potential in the relationship between the public sector and the citizen is obvious because of, for example, the large number of mobile phone users among the public. In addition, the development of m-government initiatives generates a good number of bene?ts for the public sector that operates it as well as for the public, who experience improved accessibility to electronic public services. Because of this, this chapter analyses m-government initiatives developed by the Zaragoza City Council (Spain) in order to describe its bene?ts, implications for the relationship between the City Council and the citizen, and the future perspectives of these initiatives. We have speci?cally chosen a country like Spain due to the fact that mobile telephone usage is widespread and, at the same time, local government level has been chosen as the citizen participates more in the relationship with the public sector when it is at the local level.

Recommendations of the Workshop on Injury Control and Public Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1091
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Government ◽  
School Health ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Injury Control

1. In each state department of public health, a focus for injury control should be responsible for developing objectives for injury control at the state and local level. 2. Injury control activities, including the state reporting of injuries and the development of a national injury surveillance system, should be funded adequately by the US government. 3. The US government and each state government should develop an explicit health policy for children. 4. The revenue that would be generated by a "user fee," a much heavier tax on tobacco and alcohol (alcohol plays a role in 40% to 50% of injuries) should be used to support public health programs for children. 5. A comprehensive school health education program should be established.

RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 6 JANUARY 2021 ASSAULT ON THE US CONGRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Iulian DINULESCU
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

On January 6, 2021, an angry mob attacked security forces and stormed the United States Congress, a significant portion of which carried placards containing Christian symbols and manifested ultra-religious conduct. The crowd chanted religious slogans and songs mixed with extremist ideological-political landmarks, QAnon conspiracy theories and racist attitudes. The protesters also followed a ritual found in the Bible, in the Old Testament, in the book of Joshua Navi, an Israelite leader to whom God indicated how he would conquer the City of Jericho, full of corrupt and fornicating people if he obeyed the divine command. The participants in the assault followed the same ritual to “conquer” the fortress of the Capitol a month before and repeated it starting with January 5, 2021. Since religion is the belief in God and represents the relationship between the faithful man and divinity, the acquisition of elements of political ideology by ultra-religious people was considered natural and mandatory in shaping a society to develop on Christian principles in the form of a “Christian city”. In this article, by analyzing the attitude of the Christian community in two distinct phases, before and during and after the assault on the US Congress, the result of the manifestation of the phenomenon of ultrareligiosity combined with an extremist political ideology will be revealed.

The Impact of Tax and Expenditure Limitations on Municipal Revenue Volatility

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tucker C. Staley
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tax And Expenditure Limitations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Expenditure Limitations ◽  
Revenue Volatility ◽  
Stringency Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Stable revenue flows are paramount for policy makers at all levels of government in order to effectively and efficiently provide goods and services to constituents. This work examines the relationship between tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) and municipal revenue volatility. The current literature suggests that more stringently binding TELs at the state level are associated with greater levels of revenue volatility. This work tests whether this finding extends to the local level of government as well. Examining ninety-nine municipalities over eight years (2004–2011), this work provides evidence that the stringency level of TELs is associated with reduced fluctuations in municipal revenue streams.

Steps for Implementing a State-Level Professional Development Plan for Secondary Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Valerie L. Mazzotti ◽  
Dawn A. Rowe ◽  
Monica Simonsen ◽  
Bonnie Boaz ◽  
Cynthia VanAvery
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Secondary Transition ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
State Education Agencies ◽  
State Education ◽  
Education Agencies ◽  
Quality Professional Development

To scale up and sustain the use of evidence-based practices, it is imperative that state education agencies systematically implement professional development that represents best practice. By delivering quality professional development to local districts, it is more likely that transition personnel will implement transition programs and practices with fidelity to sustain implementation over time. To do this, it is important for state education agencies to develop a state-level stakeholder team to determine professional development needs across districts and develop a plan to systematically deliver professional development. This article describes seven steps for using data-based decision-making to develop and implement quality professional development at the local level to ensure districts across a state effectively and sustainably implement secondary transition evidence-based practices.

scholarly journals The Smaller the Market, the Better the Rent Capturing: Electrification in North Portugal during the Interwar Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-320
Author(s):  
Isabel Bartolomé Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level

AbstractThis article analyses the origin of the persistently high level of electricity prices that hampered the expansion of electricity consumption during the interwar period in Porto. Initially, the rent-seeking behaviour of both the supply firm and the City Hall at the local level affected the expansion of the local electricity market. During the 1930s, this collusion at municipal level coincided with unpredictable energy policies at state level. This circumstance impeded the indispensable increase of scale and the building of a regional market of electricity in north Portugal. The literature on regulation and institutional analysis has proved very useful. Finally, though equally important, primary sources from company archives and institutional bodies were also employed.

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