Encapsulated propionic acid as a silage additive

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Roi Rutenberg ◽  
Rina Granit ◽  
Yaira Chen ◽  
Elena Poverenov ◽  
Zwi G. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System A ◽  
Final Content ◽  
Inoculation Procedure ◽  
Mixed Film ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Safe Approach

Various propionic acid (PA) based additives are used to successfully inhibit fungi in silages. These additives are all introduced directly, and an encapsulated formulation of PA has not yet been examined for its antifungal abilities. The current study's objective was to test the possibility of using encapsulated PA as a silage additive. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based films (film A) and CMC/β-cyclodextrin-based films (film B) were used as biodegradable matrix platforms for encapsulated PA delivery and tested on whole-crop wheat and corn silages. Films were added as a mixture combined with the silage or divided at the top and bottom of the bulk silage system. A Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation procedure was also examined for its effects. In the wheat ensiling experiment, film B resulted in the highest PA concentrations after 2 weeks (1.4% and 1.1% in dry matter for the mixed and divided films, respectively). Mixed film A also produced high levels of PA after 2 weeks. Lactic acid (LA) concentrations peaked after 2 weeks and the highest final concentrations were obtained in the L. plantarum treatment. The highest PA concentrations in the corn silages were measured at the end of the experiment. Film B tended to result in slightly higher PA concentrations than film A. LA concentrations peaked after 2 weeks and the highest final content was obtained with film B. Overall, this study demonstrates that addition of encapsulated PA to biodegradable CMC films may provide an advanced safe approach for retaining silage quality and wastage reduction.

Effects of adding a Lactobacillus Plantarum inoculant to grass ensiled at different dry matter concentrations and offered to beef cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 115-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Different Levels

Silage fermentation is progressively restricted as the extent of pre-wilting increases (O'Kiely et_al., 1988). The magnitude of the improvement in silage nutritive value in response to a lactic acid bacteria inoculant could be related to the extent of the fermentation in the untreated silage. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the response in silage nutritive value to a Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant was similar at different levels of dry matter (DM) concentration.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel feedstuff: effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Tetraploid Black Locust

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (TBL). The TBL leaves silage was either untreated (control) or treated with 1 × 106 cfu/g FM Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), or a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). Fermentation quality, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were then analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were the dominant fermentation products in all silages except L+M silage. The L, G and L+G treatments failed to influence the fermentation. The M treatment increased (P<0.05) the lactic acid concentration and lowered (P<0.05) the pH when compared with control silage. The best fermentation properties were observed in L+M silage, as indicated by the dominance of lactic acid over ethanol in fermentation products. The M and L+M silages exhibited higher (P<0.05) dry matter, and M silage showed higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than the control. Ensiling increased (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability of TBL. Among the silages, M silage had the highest levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability. The obtained results suggested that application of lactic acid bacteria together with 3% molasses could be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of ethanol fermentation and improve fermentation quality of TBL silage; addition of fermentable sugars to TBL improves nutrient availability to ruminants.

In situ dry matter degradability coefficients of whole crop barley silage treated with Lactobacillus plantarum or mixed with Pediococcus pentosaceus plus Propionbacter freudenreichii

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 189-189
Author(s):  
M Vatandoost ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
A Vakili
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Barley Silage

Microbial inoculants are applied to forage at the time of ensiling to accelerate the decline of pH during the initial stage of silage fermentation, to preserve plant carbohydrates through homofermentation, and to preserve plant protein by decreasing proteolysis and deamination. Thus, inoculated silages are expected to improve animal performance. Whole crop barley has a low buffering capacity and abundant fermentable carbohydrates and is considered relatively easy to ensile. Results of previous experiments indicated that lactic acid bacteria-based inoculants have the potential to improve the ensilage of whole crop barley (Kung and Ranjit, 2001). The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and in situ dry matter degradability of whole crop barley silage treated with one of two different types of inoculants (Lactobacillus plantarum or mixed with Pediococcus pentosaceus plus propionbacter freudenreichii as provide 1×105 CFU of lactic acid producing bacteria plus 1×104 CFU propionbacterium per g of DM).

The effect of bacterial inoculants on kikuyu silage quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Figueiredo ◽  
J. P. Marais
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Silage Quality

SUMMARYTwo commercial bacterial inoculants (Lacto-flora and Ecosyl) were added to kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) at ensiling, in 1985 and 1988 respectively, at Cedara, South Africa, using laboratory silos. In 1985 (Expt 1), Lacto-flora was added on its own and in combination with the enzymes Celluclast or SP249. In 1988 (Expt 2), Ecosyl was added on its own and in combination with molasses, at two levels of addition.The addition of Lacto-flora alone did not significantly increase the lactic acid bacteria or the lactic acid content of the treated silage. However, treated silage contained 53·6% less iso-butyric acid and 53·7% less ammonia than the control silage. Kikuyu silage supplemented with a combination of Lacto-flora and Celluclast or SP249 had higher numbers of lactic acid bacteria at ensiling (0·231 × 108/ml) than the control silage or silage receiving Lacto-flora alone. However, only silage supplemented with the combination of Lacto-flora and Celluclast had a significantly higher lactic acid content (2·23 compared with 0·04, 0·18 and 0·13% DM for the control silage, silages with Lactoflora and with a combination of Lacto-flora +SP249, respectively). Nevertheless, this silage contained 19·78% more acetic than lactic acid.Silage supplemented with Ecosyl on its own did not differ significantly in digestibility, loss of dry matter, ammonia, total non-structural carbohydrates, lactic acid and crude protein, from the untreated silage. A significant decrease in silage pH (from 5·08 to 4·70) was observed when Ecosyl was added together with molasses at the higher level of addition only. However, no other benefit was obtained by the addition of Ecosyl in combination with molasses.

scholarly journals Effect of 11CFT and 11C33 inoculants on the chemical and fermentation composition, and aerobic stability of corn silage during the feed out period

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-410
Author(s):  
Tânia Mara Becher Ribas ◽  
◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Aerobic Stability

The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of two bacterial inoculants, 11CFT and 11C33, with different genera of lactic acid bacteria on the chemical and fermentation composition of the silage, and the temperature and pH behavior of the silage during the feed out period. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three treatments: corn silage without inoculant (control); corn silage with 11CFT inoculant (consisting of strains of Lactobacillus buchneri and L. casei); and corn silage with 11C33 inoculant (consisting of strains of L. buchneri, L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium). The use of both inoculants increased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage (22.42 g kg-1 for control against 36.00 and 33.33 g kg-1 for 11CFT and 11C33, respectively) and reduced aerobic dry matter losses. The silage treated with 11C33 obtained a higher concentration of acetic acid (17.44 g kg-1) and propionic acid (2.08 g kg-1). The 11CFT inoculant provided a lower concentration of ethanol, however, without differing from the silage with 11C33 (0.70 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively). Even without variations in temperature and pH at silage unloading, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acid, providing better aerobic stability days after unloading. Both inoculants also improved the in situ ruminal digestibility of corn silage compared to control silage. They provide an increase in the content of lactic and propionic acids, which assist to reduce dry matter losses and ethanol production. There were no variations in temperature and pH at the silo unloading, however, the use of the 11C33 inoculant generated a higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids providing better aerobic stability after exposure to air.

Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Marija Duvnjak ◽  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Darko Grbeša
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality

Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.

Lamb performance on two silages and two concentrates fed alone and in combination

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
C A Morgan ◽  
A R Henderson ◽  
D H Anderson ◽  
J FitzSimons ◽  
T H McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
And Performance

Intakes of well-fermented silages by store lambs can be disappointing, with liveweight gains well below the 100 to 125 g/d required to fatten lambs over the winter. To achieve high levels of gain it has been necessary to supplement grass silages. Barley, as an energy supplement, has increased the intake of dry matter but often the intake of silage dry matter is decreased. Protein supplements, on the other hand, have been shown to increase silage DM intake. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects on intake and performance of store lambs of two supplements of differing protein content when offered as the sole constituent of the diet or with one of two silages at two levels of supplementation.After a 24 hour wilt, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was ensiled: half of the material was untreated and half was treated with an additive which contained lactic acid bacteria (supplying 106 cfu/g), Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus and enzymes derived from Trichoderma reesei.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Rice Straw Silage Fermentation with Different Types of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant Affects Rumen Microbial Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Ehsan Oskoueian ◽  
Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Saeid Jafari ◽  
Majid Shakeri ◽  
Hieu Huu Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Silage Quality

Bacterial inoculants are known to improve the quality of silage. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; L. plantarum, L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. brevi, and S. bovis) inoculation (106 cfu/ DM) on rice straw silage quality and to determine these effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestibility and microbial populations in an in vitro condition. Inoculated rice straw was ensiled for 15 and 30 days. For the in vitro study, rumen fluid was obtained from three rumen-fistulated bulls fed on mixed forage and concentrate at 60:40 ratio twice daily. Inoculation with LAB improved (p < 0.05) the rice straw silage quality as indicated by higher dry matter and crude protein contents, decreased pH and butyric acid, and increased propionic acid and LAB numbers, especially after 30 days of ensiling. Results from the in vitro study revealed that starting with the addition of LAB to rice straw silage improved in vitro fermentation characteristics such as increased total volatile fatty acids and dry matter digestibility (p < 0.05). LAB treatments also decreased methane production and methane/total gas ratio after 15 and 30 days of ensiling. From the rumen microbial population perspective, cellulolytic, and fungal zoospores were enhanced, while protozoa and methanogens were decreased by the LAB treatments. Based on these results, it could be concluded that inoculating rice straw silage with LAB (especially for L. plantarum and S. bovis) improved silage quality, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial populations in vitro.

scholarly journals Using Lactic Acid Bacteria as Silage Inoculants or Direct-Fed Microbials to Improve In Vitro Degradability and Reduce Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽  
Ines Martinez ◽  
Wilbert Pellikaan
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Inoculants ◽  
Silage Inoculant

The current study has two objectives: (1) To determine the effect of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains’ inoculant on silage quality of fresh ryegrass (FR) and rain-treated ryegrass (RTR), and (2) to find the optimal way (silage inoculant vs. direct-fed microbial (DFM)) to use LAB strains in order to improve nutrient digestibility and reduce methane emission (CH4) in ruminant production. Five LAB strains were tested, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AGR-1, L. plantarum AGR-2, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis AGR-3, L. lactis subsp. lactis AGR-4 and L. lactis subsp. lactis AGR-5. Each LAB strain was inoculated at 106 cfu/g fresh weight into the FR and the RTR and ensiled for 60 days. After ensiling, the effect of LAB strains included as a DFM or silage inoculant on rumen digestibility and CH4 production were measured using an in vitro gas production system with three separate runs. The in vitro experiment consisted of 24 treatments (2 grasses (FR and RTR) × 2 ways (inoculant or DFM) × 6 strains (5 LAB strains + 1 Control)). The results indicated that the LAB strains’ inoculant treatments reduced (p < 0.0001) the dry matter (DM) losses, the NH3 concentration (p < 0.0001) and the pH (p = 0.0019) upon ensiling in both the FR and the RTR. The lowest values in dry matter (DM) loss and NH3 concentration were found in the L. plantarum (AGR-2) and L. lactis (AGR-5). The in vitro CH4 production was lower for silages inoculated with L. plantarum (AGR-1, p = 0.0054), L. lactis (AGR-4, p = 0.026), L. lactis (AGR-5, p = 0.029) and L. plantarum (AGR-2, p = 0.090), compared to the control. Methane production was lower (p = 0.0027) for LABs when used as silage inoculants, compared to being used as DFM. Lactic acid bacteria used as silage inoculants increased (p ≤ 0.0001) the in vitro DM and organic matter (OM) degradability both in the FR and the RTR, whereas LAB strains used as DFM showed no such effect. The DM and OM digestibility were highest in the L. plantarum (AGR-1, p = 0.0175). Among the five LAB strains used in the current study, L. plantarum (AGR-2) was the best candidate to improve silage quality. Our observations suggest that these LAB strains are most promising when used as silage inoculants and to be confirmed in vivo.

scholarly journals Conservation Characteristics and Nutritive Value of Sunflower Silages as Affected by The Maturity Stages and Fibrolytic Enzymes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Erdoğan ◽  
Murat Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Dough Stage

Silage quality and nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with different level of fibrolytic enzymes at blooming, milk and dough stages were investigated. Fibrolytic enzyme complex (Viscozyme® L, V2010 Sigma Novozyme) was applied 0, 1, 1.5 and 2.5 ml/kgDM at ensiling. The dry matter (DM) yield increased with each increment of the maturity stage. Dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE) and crude cellulose (CC) contents of silages increased also in each delay in harvesting, while crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF contents of silages were the highest in blooming stage. The pH was higher in sunflower silage harvested at dough stage when compared to blooming stage, while acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were all higher in blooming stage, although there were no differences in lactic acid concentrations among harvesting periods. Although silage structural carbohydrate composition was not significantly affected by any enzyme dose, Dose III enzyme treatment at the dough was associated with the highest concentration of lactic acid. Overall, there was no profound effect of enzyme supplementation on nutritive value and silage characteristics of sunflower silage.

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