scholarly journals Therapeutic approaches for genetic and infectious diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

scholarly journals An Overview on ERAP Roles in Infectious Diseases

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Saulle ◽  
Chiara Vicentini ◽  
Mario Clerici ◽  
Mara Biasin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Deficient Mice

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 (ERAPs) are crucial enzymes shaping the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) immunopeptidome. In the ER, these enzymes cooperate in trimming the N-terminal residues from precursors peptides, so as to generate optimal-length antigens to fit into the MHC class I groove. Alteration or loss of ERAPs function significantly modify the repertoire of antigens presented by MHC I molecules, severely affecting the activation of both NK and CD8+ T cells. It is, therefore, conceivable that variations affecting the presentation of pathogen-derived antigens might result in an inadequate immune response and onset of disease. After the first evidence showing that ERAP1-deficient mice are not able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection, a number of studies have demonstrated that ERAPs are control factors for several infectious organisms. In this review we describe how susceptibility, development, and progression of some infectious diseases may be affected by different ERAPs variants, whose mechanism of action could be exploited for the setting of specific therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Opioids and Infectious Diseases: A Converging Public Health Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara A Schwetz ◽  
Thomas Calder ◽  
Elana Rosenthal ◽  
Sarah Kattakuzhy ◽  
Anthony S Fauci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract A converging public health crisis is emerging because the opioid epidemic is fueling a surge in infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection with or without AIDS, the viral hepatitides, infective endocarditis, and skin and soft-tissue infections. An integrated strategy is needed to tailor preventive and therapeutic approaches toward infectious diseases in people who misuse and/or are addicted to opioids and to concurrently address the underlying predisposing factor for the infections—opioid use disorder. This commentary highlights the unique and complementary roles that the infectious diseases and substance use disorder communities can play in addressing this crisis of dual public health concerns.

Impact of the inpatient infectious disease consultations at a tertiary care university hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Waked ◽  
Danielle Jaafar ◽  
Marie Chedid ◽  
Gebrael Saliba ◽  
Elie Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
Disease Specialist

Abstract The role of the infectious disease specialist continues to evolve. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value of infectious disease consultation in the inpatient setting.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study that took place in a tertiary care university hospital. During the period from April to June 2016, 224 cases of patients receiving antibiotics in the hospital with the request of an infectious diseases’ consultation, were evaluated. The following variables were assessed: the referring department, purpose of the consultation, the antibiotic used before requesting the infectious diseases consultation, the antibiotic modifications after the infectious disease’s visit (changing the type, dose or range of the antibiotic when applicable, modifying the duration of antibiotic use), whenever the antibiotic usage was switched to a mono or bi-therapy.RESULTS The most frequent requesting departments were Oncology (23.2%) and Urology (21.4%). The purpose of the consultations was diagnosis (29%), therapy (41%), both diagnosis and therapy (21%), and prophylaxis (9%). An infectious diseases consultation was given at a rate of 4.9 consultations per 100 hospitalized patients. Antibiotic was discontinued in 14.7% of cases. There was no indication for the antibiotic treatment in 11.6% of cases. Modifying the antibiotic therapy was done in 25.4% of cases. Adjusting the antibiotic dosage was done in only one case. Carbapenem antibiotics were discontinued in 31.6% of cases and Quinolones discontinuation accounted for 22.7% of cases.CONCLUSION Infectious disease consults contributed to the optimization of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for suspected or confirmed infections in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1): The Vaccine for Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Kyaw Zaw Hein ◽  
Shuyang Yao ◽  
Siqing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Wilms Tumor 1 ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Wt1 Protein

ABSTRACT Vaccines have been used to fight and protect against infectious diseases for centuries. With the emergence of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, researchers began investigating vaccines that could be used against cancer, especially against tumors that are resistant to conservative chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) protein is immunogenic, has been detected in almost all types of malignancies, and has played a significant role in prognosis and disease monitoring. In this article, we review recent developments in the treatment of various types of cancers with the WT1 cancer vaccine; we also discuss theoretic considerations of various therapeutic approaches, which were based on preclinical and clinical data.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis: Literature review and retrospective report of 15 cases from Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Prista-Leao ◽  
Isabel Abreu ◽  
Ana Claudia Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Sarmento ◽  
Lurdes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Electronic Hospital

Background and Purpose: Prevalence of mucormycosis is growing with the increase of the population at risk. Current recommendations for its management are mostly based on retrospective studies. 3 study aimed to present the cumulative experience of an Infectious Diseases Department from a Portuguese hospital in the management of mucormycosis and discuss the potential gaps in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of this infection. Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the study, the electronic hospital database was searched for adult patients with mucormycosis from 1996 to 2019 based on the definition provided by the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected and compared to what had been described in the related literature. Results: In total, 15 cases of mucormycosis were found, including 11 cases with sinus involvement (10 with central nervous system involvement), two pulmonary, and two gastrointestinal infections. Diabetes mellitus (n=7) and corticosteroid therapy (n=7) were frequent risk factors. Median duration of symptoms before the suspicion of diagnosis was 26 days (3-158). The diagnosis was confirmed in 12 patients mostly by histopathology (n=9); the culture was positive only once. Systemic antifungals and surgical debridement were the backbones of treatment; however, side effects, the need for therapeutic drug monitoring, and the anatomical location of lesions added complexity to management. Overall, seven patients died, two of them before the consideration of clinical suspicion. Conclusion: More medications are becoming available for the treatment of mucormycosis. Nevertheless, we believe that its prognosis will only significantly change through the increase of awareness and reduction of the time to diagnosis. An effective multidisciplinary approach among surgeons, infectious diseases specialists, radiologists, microbiologists, and anatomopathologists is critical to the achievement of this goal.

scholarly journals Small molecules that target the ubiquitin system

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Qiu Wu ◽  
David Baker ◽  
Huib Ovaa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Ubiquitin System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Eukaryotic life depends upon the interplay between vast networks of signaling pathways composed of upwards of 109–1010 proteins per cell. The integrity and normal operation of the cell requires that these proteins act in a precise spatial and temporal manner. The ubiquitin system is absolutely central to this process and perturbation of its function contributes directly to the onset and progression of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity, inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, and muscle dystrophies. Whilst the individual components and the overall architecture of the ubiquitin system have been delineated in some detail, how ubiquitination might be successfully targeted, or harnessed, to develop novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of disease, currently remains relatively poorly understood. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current status of selected small molecule ubiquitin system inhibitors. We will further discuss the unique challenges of targeting this ubiquitous and highly complex machinery, and explore and highlight potential ways in which these challenges might be met.

scholarly journals Impact of the inpatient infectious disease consultations at a tertiary care university hospital

10.3823/844 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Waked ◽  
Danielle Jaafar ◽  
Marie Chedid ◽  
Gebrael Saliba ◽  
Elie Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
Disease Specialist

BACKGROUND: The role of the infectious disease specialist continues to evolve. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value of infectious disease consultation in the inpatient setting. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that took place in a tertiary care university hospital. During the period from April to June 2016, 224 cases of patients receiving antibiotics in the hospital with the request of an infectious diseases’ consultation, were evaluated. The following variables were assessed: the referring department, purpose of the consultation, the antibiotic used before requesting the infectious diseases consultation, the antibiotic modifications after the infectious disease’s visit, whenever the antibiotic usage was switched to a mono or bi-therapy. RESULTS: The most frequent requesting departments were Oncology (23.2%) and Urology (21.4%). The purpose of the consultations was diagnosis (29%), therapy (41%), both diagnosis and therapy (21%), and prophylaxis (9%). An infectious diseases consultation was given at a rate of 4.9 consultations per 100 hospitalized patients. Antibiotic was discontinued in 14.7% of cases. There was no indication for the antibiotic treatment in 11.6% of cases. Modifying the antibiotic therapy was done in 25.4% of cases. Adjusting the antibiotic dosage was done in only one case. Carbapenem antibiotics were discontinued in 31.6 % of cases and Quinolones discontinuation accounted for 22.7% of cases. CONCLUSION: Infectious disease consults contributed to the optimization of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for suspected or confirmed infections in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in-vitro-model of an early phase of infection of bovine mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Filor ◽  
Monique Petry ◽  
Jessica Meißner ◽  
Manfred Kietzmann
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Interactions ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to establish precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in-vitro-model to investigate pathophysiological processes in the early phase of mastitis in order to have the possibility to investigate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of such udder inflammation in later studies. Furthermore, this model should contribute to substitute in-vivo-experiments. Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and costly infectious diseases in the dairy industry, which is largely associated with the use of antimicrobial agents. Given this problem of antimicrobial resistance, it is essential to step up research into bacterial infectious diseases. Thus, the transfer of the in-vitro-model of precision-cut tissue slices to the bovine udder enables broad research into new therapeutic approaches in this area and can also be used to address issues in basic research or the characterisation of complex pathophysiological processes. Results A stimulation with LPS, PGN or the combination of both substances (LPS:PGN) demonstrates the ability of the PCBUS to react with a significant secretion of IL-1ß, TNF-α and PGE2. Conclusion The slices represent an instrument for investigating pharmacological interactions with udder tissue, which can be useful for studies on pharmacological questions and the understanding of complex pathophysiological processes of infection and inflammation.

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