scholarly journals Effects of long-term physical exercise on skeletal muscles in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8)

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaho Takigawa ◽  
Rintaro Matsuda ◽  
Ran Uchitomi ◽  
Takumi Onishi ◽  
Yukino Hatazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mice

scholarly journals Effects of long-term physical exercise in the skeletal muscles of rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adala ◽  
G. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Type I ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Type I Fibers

Abstract Introdcution: The effects oflong-term physical exercise in the skeletal muscles were evaluated. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats, 25 days old each, were divided in 2 groups: trained (TG, n=21) and sedentary (SG, n=9). The TG group was subdivided in 3 groups: TGI, TGII and TGIII, n=7 in each group, and the SG was also subdivided in 3 groups: SGI, SGII and SGIII, n=3. The animals of the TG (I, II and III) performed running exercise on a electric running machine for 3, 6 and 9 weeks respectively. The animals of the sedentary groups remained without any exercise. After the experimental period the soleus (SOL), the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the plantaris (PL) muscles were extracted, weighed and analyzed by the histochemichal technique of mATPase to observe possible changes. Results: The TGIII showed a significant increase in the absolute values of muscle weight when compared to the TGI and TGII. There was an increase in the distribution of type I fibers and a decrease in types IIC and IIA in the SOL muscle. The EDL muscle showed an increase in IIA fibers and a decrease in IID IIB types. As for the PL muscle there was an increase in types IIA and IIAD and a decrease in IID type ibers. Conclusion: Physical exercise causes changes in the distribution of iber types in the skeletal muscles of rats and confirms the capacity of the fibers to adapt to the requirements of the proposed physical exercise in order to achieve a better performance.

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on the Immune System in Young Female Basketball Players. Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn ◽  
Mirosława Cieślicka ◽  
Hanna Dziewiecka ◽  
Sławomir Kujawski ◽  
Anita Marcinkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Function ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Experimental Group

An intensive physical exercise program could lead to a decrease in immune system function. Effects of long-term supplementation of bovine colostrum on the response of immune function on physical exercise test in athletes were examined. Twenty-seven elite female basketball players (age 16–19) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Eventually, n = 11 athletes completed intervention in the experimental group (3.2 g bovine colostrum orally twice a day for 24 weeks), while n = 9 athletes in the control group were given a placebo. Before the supplementation, after 3 and 6 months, subjects performed the physical exercise stress test. Before, just after, and 3 h after physical exercise testing, blood was drawn and immune system indicators were examined. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, creatine kinase (CK MM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and WBC, lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MON), and granulocyte (GRA) were measured. A statistically significant change in IL-10 in response to the exercise program during the supplementation period in both groups was observed (p = 0.01). However, the results of the rest of the comparisons were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, there were no significant effects of bovine supplementation on the dynamics of immune system function indicators.

scholarly journals Effects of acute and chronic physical exercise and stress on different types of memory in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Billig Mello ◽  
Fernando Benetti ◽  
Martín Cammarota ◽  
Iván Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Here we study the effect of acute and chronic physical exercise in a treadmill and of daily stress (because forced exercise involves a degree of stress) during 2 or 8 weeks on different types of memory in male Wistar rats. The memory tests employed were: habituation in an open field, object recognition and spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Daily foot-shock stress enhanced habituation learning after 2 but not after 8 weeks; it hindered both short- (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) of the recognition task at 2 weeks but only STM after 8 weeks and had no effect on spatial learning after either 2 or 8 weeks. Acute but not chronic exercise also enhanced habituation in the open field and hindered STM and LTM in the recognition task. Chronic exercise enhanced one important measure of spatial learning (latency to escape) but not others. Our findings indicate that some care must be taken when interpreting effects of forced exercise on brain parameters since at least part of them may be due to the stress inherent to the training procedure.

The Long-Term Effects of Solitary Confinement From the Perspective of Inmates

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-674
Author(s):  
Liat Tayer ◽  
Tomer Einat ◽  
Anat Yaron Antar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

This qualitative study analyzes the effects of solitary confinement on prisoners and the strategies used by them to cope with its difficulties. The findings indicate that solitary confinement is perceived as unfair and as intensifying hostile emotions and physical aggression, and that it is related to a range of long-term physiological, mental, and behavioral disorders. Three strategies are used to cope with the difficulties of solitary confinement: keeping to a ritualistic routine, a religious lifestyle, and physical exercise. We conclude that solitary confinement exacerbates the difficulties of detention and affects prisoners’ health and well-being for short and long terms.

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