University Students’ Preferences for Gender Specific and Gender Neutral Occupational Terms and Gender Neutral Singular Pronouns: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Jabulani Sibanda ◽  
Martin P. Begede
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Femininity in mixed-sex talk and intercultural communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-483
Author(s):  
Hiroko Itakura
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Sex Talk

Previous studies of language and gender discuss how men and women use gender-specific conversational styles mainly in relation to English, whereas similar studies for Asian languages remain comparatively few. Moreover, little is known about gender and conversational styles during intercultural communication. This paper explores whether speakers follow similar norms of politeness in mixed-sex talk in their L1 and in intercultural conversations in L2 English, and if femininities are modified, what factors may be involved. It reports findings from a case study of a Japanese female’s conversations with a Japanese male in Japanese and with three male L2 English speakers. It suggests that femininities might be modified to become more ‘immodest’ in English due to factors such as speakers’ varying level of adherence to native cultural norms in L1 and in L2 contexts and the male interlocutors’ ethnicity. For example, female speakers who adhere to native cultural norms in L1 conversations may see L2 intercultural contexts as opportunities to create non-traditional femininities, especially when there is no male interlocutor with shared ethnicity. The construction of L2 femininities may also be shaped by linguistic factors such as L2 proficiency or systemic differences between the two languages.

scholarly journals Association between dental fear and eating disorders and Body Mass Index among Finnish university students: a national survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jalil Sharifian ◽  
Vesa Pohjola ◽  
Kristina Kunttu ◽  
Jorma I. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Little is known about the association between eating disorders (ED) and dental fear. This study investigated the association between dental fear and EDs through body mass index (BMI), and SCOFF (sick, control, one stone, fat, food) questionnaire among Finnish university students. We hypothesised that dental fear is associated with EDs and BMI. Methods We used the latest data from the Finnish University Student Health Survey 2016. This survey targeted undergraduate Finnish students (n = 10,000) of academic universities and universities of applied sciences. We enquired about e.g. age, gender, height, weight, educational sector and perceived mental well-being. We used the SCOFF questionnaire to assess those at risk for developing EDs. The question ‘Do you feel scared about dental care?’ enquired about dental fear. We used the chi-square test and gender-specific logistic regression to analyse the associations between dental fear, EDs and BMI controlling for age, educational sector and mental well-being. Results In total, 3110 students participated in the study. Overall 7.2% of the students reported high dental fear and 9.2% scored SCOFF positive; more women than men reported high dental fear (11.2% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001) and scored positive on SCOFF (14.2% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). Gender modified the association between dental fear and EDs and BMI. Among females, when controlling for educational sector and BMI, those with positive SCOFF score were more likely to have high dental fear than those with negative SCOFF score (OR = 1.6; CI = 1.0–2.4). After adding perceived mental well-being to the gender-specific regression analyses, overweight and obese males, BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 2.4; CI 1.3–4.4) and females with poor to moderate mental well-being (OR = 2.1; CI 1.4–2.9) were more likely than their counterparts to have high dental fear. Conclusions Among the Finnish university students BMI in males and problems of mental well-being in females were positively associated with high dental fear. The results of this study support possible common vulnerability factors that dental fear and other psychological disorders may share.

scholarly journals Is Spanish Becoming more Gender Fair? A Historical Perspective on the Interpretation of Gender-specific and Gender-neutral Expressions

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Kjær Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male Image ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Over Time

During the last three decades, many recommendations for a gender fair Spanish language have been proposed, but, generally speaking, it has been the substitution of the so-called 'masculine generic' (e.g. los profesores 'the teachers [masc.]') by gender neutral (e.g. el pro¬fesorado 'the staff of teachers) or explicit references (e.g. los profesores y (las) profesoras 'the teachers [masc. and fem., resp.]') which has been favoured. Two important assumptions are implicit in these recommendations. First, the sentences containing the masculine forms would lead to associations primarily to men (thus leaving women 'invisible'), whereas sentences containing either the gender-neutral forms or the gender-explicit references would evoke a generic association. Second, the associations between form and mental representation are considered inalterable and unlikely to change over time. This paper intends to interrogate these assumptions by means of two questionnaire investigations that were carried out in Spain in 1995 and 2005 in which native speakers of Spanish were asked to complete specific filler sentences. The results of both investigations demonstrate that there is no clear-cut correspondence between certain linguistic forms and the mental (gender-) representations evoked in peoples' minds. For example, a masculine form is not automatically connected with a male image. The investigation also shows that some associations significantly change over time; for example, a clear male bias of the masculine form in the first study seems to have vanished within a time span of ten years. With respect to another aim of the gender fair recommendations - namely to make women more visible in public discourse – the investigations show that this, indeed, is best achieved by explicitly referring to women. Interestingly, this result appears to be stable over time. Altogether, it seems justifiable to conclude that the assumptions underlying the recommendations for a gender fair language can be challenged. At any rate, it is important to point out that these assumptions are subject to change over time - at least within politically influenced language matters – and perhaps faster than has been expected.

The nexus between climate change, migration and gender.

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
D. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West African ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Migration ◽  
West African Sahel ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Gender Lens

Abstract This chapter explores gender-specific dimensions of so-called 'climate-induced migration' and elucidates their relevance for research on climate change, gender, and livelihoods in the Global South. To this end, the chapter starts with a brief overview on the state of the scientific debate on the interlinkages of climate driven environmental change and migration, followed by a discussion of conceptual approaches applicable for the inclusion of the gender dimension. The chapter provides empirical evidence for gender relevance using a case study on the West African Sahel and ends with some considerations on policy issues and further research. In doing so, the chapter illustrates in which way a 'gender lens' adds to more robust knowledge and in what way the perspective of social ecology is of particular value.

Examining Gender-Specific and Gender-Neutral Risk Factors in Women Who Sexually Offend

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan A. Marshall ◽  
Holly A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexually Offended ◽  
Victimization History ◽  
Gender Specific

Research on justice-involved women has provided evidence for the importance of using gender-specific information in the assessment, treatment, and understanding of criminal pathways and risk of recidivism in women who have committed offenses. Although research on women who have sexually offended suggests there are differences between men and women who sexually offend, no studies have compared gender-specific and gender-neutral factors to predict recidivism with this group. The current study provided an examination of gender-specific and gender-neutral recidivism risk factors in a sample of 225 women who had sexually offended and were subsequently released from custody with an average follow-up time of about 5 years. Results of the study indicate gender-specific factors, such as mental illness symptoms and victimization history, are demonstrative of risk of reoffense in women who sexually offend. These findings provide implications for future research regarding risk assessment and more effective application of treatment for this understudied population.

scholarly journals Equality Plans and Gender Perception in University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Isabel Pla-Julián ◽  
Jose-Luis Díez
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Student Body ◽  
University System ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Despite the growing interest in the subject, the gender perceptions in the context of university studies have not been sufficiently studied so far. In this contribution, what is being proposed is a practical approach in the Spanish university system assessing the progress regarding the perception of equality among students receiving training on gender perspective in the framework of an Equality Plan. For this purpose, a case study was designed by assessing the progress as regards equality perceptions in the student body of the Universidad de Valencia Estudio General (UVEG). 338 students in grades filled out questionnaires on gender both before (225) and after (113) receiving a course in gender training. Results show Equality Plans with gender training significantly improves gender perception in university students. Academic institutions can play an essential role in ensuring developing Equality Plans with initiatives in education concerning gender equality.

scholarly journals ACEH: EXPLORING THE AFTERMATH OF 2004 TSUNAMI FROM GENDER DIMENSIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sorang Afril Srihayati Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Gender Specific

This paper aims to analyse the greatest gender-specific dimensions toward women in the case of the tsunami that hit Aceh Province in Indonesia in 2004. Using three gender dimensions, which are gender identity, gender structure and gender symbolism, it argues that this catastrophe was not gender-neutral and its impacts could be shown in four conditions of women; which were women’s worsened insecurity and vulnerability, the feminization of poverty, the presence of “tsunami marriage”, and the reinforced gendered roles. The concept of ‘intersectionality’ is useful to show the heterogeneous identity of women and how they were impacted by the disastrous event. It concludes that the 2004 tsunami brought many changes in the lives of both men and women in Aceh and worsened the inequalities between them.   Keywords: Aceh, women, tsunami, gender dimensions     Abstrak   Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dimensi-dimensi terbesar yang spesifik-gender dalam kasus tsunami yang melanda Provinsi Aceh di Indonesia pada tahun 2004. Menggunakan tiga dimensi gender, yakni identitas gender, struktur gender dan simbolisme gender, tulisan ini menyatakan bahwa bencana ini tidaklah netral-gender dan dampaknya dapat ditunjukkan dalam empat kondisi perempuan; yaitu ketidakamanan dan kerentanan perempuan yang semakin memburuk, feminisasi kemiskinan, munculnya “pernikahan tsunami”, dan peran-peran berbasis gender yang semakin menguat. Konsep ‘interseksionalitas’ berguna dalam memperlihatkan identitas heterogen perempuan dan bagaimana mereka terkena imbas dari peristiwa bencana tersebut. Tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa tsunami di tahun 2004 itu membawa banyak perubahan dalam hidup laki-laki dan perempuan di Aceh, serta memperburuk ketimpangan di antara mereka.   Kata Kunci: Aceh, perempuan, tsunami, dimensi gender

Development and Verification of a Gender-Role Stereotyping Index for Physical Activities

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene A. Ignico
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Gender Role Stereotyping ◽  
Total List ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure the extent to which parents, teachers, and children (4 1/2 to 7 yr.) label physical activities according to gender. The research involved two phases, (a) development/validation of the instrument and (b) assessment of reliability and stability. Participants for the development/validity assessment were 12 experts in motor and psychosocial development of children; they were divided into two groups of six judges (three women and three men). Both groups of judges rated 45 research-based, gender-specific and gender-neutral physical activities according to the extent to which each activity involved each of 14 research-based, gender-specific physical activity characteristics. Based on the ratings of Group I judges, 24 physical activities, representative of 8 male, 8 female, and 8 gender-neutral items, were combined to make up the preliminary questionnaire. To assess the construct validity of the instrument, two steps were taken. Product-moment correlations for the rating of the two groups of judges for the total list of activities were for male characteristics .98 and for female characteristics .82. Analyses of variance showed the ratings of the two sets of judges were not significantly different on any construct. Test-retest reliability for 270 participants was .94 and .95 for parents and teachers, respectively, and .77 for the 4 1/2 to 7-yr.-old children.

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