The Swedish Demand—Control—Support Questionnaire (DCSQ): Factor structure, item analyses, and internal consistency in a large population

BackgroundThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) rating scale is a commonly used questionnaire. Former studies have given inconsistent results as to the psychometric properties of the HAD scale.AimsTo examine the psychometric properties of the HAD scale in a large population.MethodAll inhabitants aged 20–89 years (n=92 100) were invited to take part in The Nord-Tr⊘ndelag Health Study, Norway. A total of 65 648 subjects participated, and only completed HAD scale forms (n=51 930) formed the basis for the psychometric examinations.ResultsPrincipal component analysis extracted two factors in the HAD scale that accounted for 57% of the variance. The anxiety and depression sub-scales shared 30% of the variance. Both sub-scales were found to be internally consistent, with values of Cronbach's coefficient (a) being 0.80 and 0.76, respectively.ConclusionsBased on data from a large population, the basic psychometric properties of the HAD scale as a self-rating instrument should be considered as quite good in terms of factor structure, intercorrelation, homogeneity and internal consistency.

Download Full-text

Assessment of emotional predisposition in dogs using PANAS (Positive and Negative Activation Scale) and associated relationships in a sample of dogs from Brazil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54645-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carine Savalli ◽

Natalia Albuquerque ◽

Angélica S. Vasconcellos ◽

Daniela Ramos ◽

Fernanda T. de Mello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Large Population ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Full Understanding ◽

English Version ◽

Language Version ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Depressive States

AbstractThe English version of the Positive and Negative Activation Scale (PANAS) is a useful tool for the assessment of dog temperament, helping to identify highly sensitive individuals that could be at risk of developing fears, phobias and anxiety problems, and potentially depressive states. This study evaluated the association between dogs’ and owners’ characteristics and dog temperament in Brazil. To accomplish this, we adapted and validated a Portuguese language version of PANAS for dogs. Data from 1744 owner-dog dyads were analysed and a two-factor structure similar to the original PANAS was revealed that met the requirements for validity and internal consistency. We found that dogs owned by women, neutered dogs and those who live in single-dog households show higher negative activation. Moreover, the older the owner, the less the negative activation for dogs that are bought. We also found that the older the dog, the less the positive activation, but this score is higher in dogs that sleep inside the house. Interestingly, mixed-breed dogs scored higher for both negative and positive emotional activation compared to purebreds. These findings alongside the particular profile of dogs in Brazil, including its large population of mixed-breed, emphasise the value of cross-cultural investigations in order to develop a full understanding of dog behaviour.

Download Full-text

The Stigma of Suicide Scale

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Philip J. Batterham ◽

Alison L. Calear ◽

Helen Christensen

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Online Survey ◽

National University ◽

Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

At Home

Background: There are presently no validated scales to adequately measure the stigma of suicide in the community. The Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) is a new scale containing 58 descriptors of a “typical” person who completes suicide. Aims: To validate the SOSS as a tool for assessing stigma toward suicide, to examine the scale’s factor structure, and to assess correlates of stigmatizing attitudes. Method: In March 2010, 676 staff and students at the Australian National University completed the scale in an online survey. The construct validity of the SOSS was assessed by comparing its factors with factors extracted from the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ). Results: Three factors were identified: stigma, isolation/depression, and glorification/normalization. Each factor had high internal consistency and strong concurrent validity with the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire. More than 25% of respondents agreed that people who suicided were “weak,” “reckless,” or “selfish.” Respondents who were female, who had a psychology degree, or who spoke only English at home were less stigmatizing. A 16-item version of the scale also demonstrated robust psychometric properties. Conclusions: The SOSS is the first attitudes scale designed to directly measure the stigma of suicide in the community. Results suggest that psychoeducation may successfully reduce stigma.

Download Full-text

The Self-Description Questionnaire-1: A Lithuanian Application

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.11.1.41 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David Watkins ◽

Anne McCreary Juhasz ◽

Aldona Walker ◽

Nijole Janvlaitiene

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Response Bias ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

The Self ◽

Nigerian Children ◽

Gender Biases ◽

And Gender

Analysis of the responses of 139 male and 83 female Lithuanian 12-14 year-olds to a translation of the Self-Description Questionnaire-1 (SDQ-1; Marsh, 1988 ) supported the internal consistency and factor structure of this instrument. Some evidence of a “positivity” response bias was found, however. Comparison of the Lithuanian responses to those of like-aged Australian, Chinese, Filipino, Nepalese, and Nigerian children indicated the Lithuanians tended to report rather lower self-esteem. The Lithuanian males also tended to report lower self-esteem than their female peers. Interpretation of the results are considered in terms of reactions to the recent upheavals in Eastern Europe, stable cultural dimensions, and possible cultural and gender biases in the items of the SDQ-1.

Download Full-text

Validity and responsiveness of the Daily- and Clinical visit-PROactive Physical Activity in COPD (D-PPAC and C-PPAC) instruments

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 228-238

Author(s):

Judith Garcia-Aymerich ◽

Milo A Puhan ◽

Solange Corriol-Rohou ◽

Corina de Jong ◽

Heleen Demeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Full Range ◽

Large Population ◽

Minimal Important Difference ◽

Age Groups ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Clinical Visit

BackgroundThe Daily-PROactive and Clinical visit-PROactive Physical Activity (D-PPAC and C-PPAC) instruments in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combines questionnaire with activity monitor data to measure patients’ experience of physical activity. Their amount, difficulty and total scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) but require further psychometric evaluation.ObjectiveTo test reliability, validity and responsiveness, and to define minimal important difference (MID), of the D-PPAC and C-PPAC instruments, in a large population of patients with stable COPD from diverse severities, settings and countries.MethodsWe used data from seven randomised controlled trials to evaluate D-PPAC and C-PPAC internal consistency and construct validity by sex, age groups, COPD severity, country and language as well as responsiveness to interventions, ability to detect change and MID.ResultsWe included 1324 patients (mean (SD) age 66 (8) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 55 (17)% predicted). Scores covered almost the full range from 0 to 100, showed strong internal consistency after stratification and correlated as a priori hypothesised with dyspnoea, health-related quality of life and exercise capacity. Difficulty scores improved after pharmacological treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation, while amount scores improved after behavioural physical activity interventions. All scores were responsive to changes in self-reported physical activity experience (both worsening and improvement) and to the occurrence of COPD exacerbations during follow-up. The MID was estimated to 6 for amount and difficulty scores and 4 for total score.ConclusionsThe D-PPAC and C-PPAC instruments are reliable and valid across diverse COPD populations and responsive to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and changes in clinically relevant variables.

Download Full-text

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Horseback Mobility in Hippotherapy

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211036578 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110365

Author(s):

Alessandra V. Prieto ◽

Kênnea Martins Almeida Ayupe ◽

Ana C. A. Abreu ◽

Paulo J. B. Gutierres Filho

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽

Excellent Internal Consistency ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Functional Gain ◽

Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

Improvement in rider mobility represents an important functional gain for people with disabilities undergoing hippotherapy. However, there is no validated measuring instrument to track and document the rider's progress in riding activities. In this study, we aimed to develop and establish validity evidence for an instrument to assess hippotherapy participants’ mobility on horseback. We report on this development through the stages of: (a) content validation, (b) construct validation, (c) inter- and intra-rater reliability and (d) internal consistency analysis. We evaluated its factor structure with exploratory factor analyses, calculated values for inter- and intra-rater reliability using the intra-class correlation coefficient, and calculated its internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. We followed recommendations by the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. We found good inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient – ICC = 0.991–0.999) and good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.997–1.0), and there was excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.937–0.999). The instrument’s factor structure grouped its three domains into one factor. As this instrument is theoretically consistent and has been found to be appropriate and reliable for its intended use, it is now available for the measurement of horseback mobility among hippotherapy riders.

Download Full-text

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form: An Examination of Internal Consistency, Factor Structure, and Relationship to Aggression in an Incarcerated Offender Sample

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191120916790 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107319112091679

Author(s):

Ashley L. Dunne ◽

Justin S. Trounson ◽

Jason Skues ◽

Jeff E. Pfeifer ◽

James R. P. Ogloff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Male Offenders ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Preliminary Support

This study evaluated the internal consistency and factor structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF), and its relationship to aggression in 438 incarcerated Australian male offenders. Results provide support for the internal consistency and five-factor and bifactor structure of the PID-5-BF. The PID-5-BF total score, as well as the domains of Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Negative Affect (low), demonstrated significant relationships with aggression. These results provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the PID-5-BF within prison settings, and suggest that a PID-5-BF assessment may be useful within forensic settings to screen for broad maladaptive personality characteristics that are indicative of a greater propensity for aggressive behavior.

Download Full-text

Development and Validation of the Ableist Microaggression Impact Questionnaire

Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin ◽

10.1177/00343552211014259 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003435522110142

Author(s):

Deniz Aydemir-Döke ◽

James T. Herbert

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Mechanical Turk ◽

Rehabilitation Counselor ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Three Factor

Microaggressions are daily insults to minority individuals such as people with disabilities (PWD) that communicate messages of exclusion, inferiority, and abnormality. In this study, we developed a new scale, the Ableist Microaggressions Impact Questionnaire (AMIQ), which assesses ableist microaggression experiences of PWD. Data from 245 PWD were collected using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. An exploratory factor analysis of the 25-item AMIQ revealed a three-factor structure with internal consistency reliability ranging between .87 and .92. As a more economical and psychometrically sound instrument assessing microaggression impact as it pertains to disability, the AMIQ offers promise for rehabilitation counselor research and practice.

Download Full-text

Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Turkish Elderly: Are There Different Factor Structures for Different Cultures?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610200006293 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Turan Ertan ◽

Engin Eker

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Principal Component ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Reasonable Time ◽

Positive Form

The purpose of this study was to examine the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) translated into Turkish for its reliability, discriminant validity, and factor structure in a sample of 276 community-dwelling elderly and 30 patients with major depression. One item (Item 5) was discovered to have conceptual difficulty for Turkish elderly and was transformed to negative form. Item 2 was transformed to positive form to keep the number of positive and negative items equal to that in the original GDS. A reasonable time stability with 1-week interval (r:.74) and a high level of internal consistency (α = .91) were observed. Student's t test resulted in a significant discriminant validity for the scale total score. Factor study with principal component analysis and varimax rotation gave rise to a structure with seven factors. Results of the same analysis with two factors were found to be easier to interpret. The first factor was composed of 19 items reflecting “depressive affect and thought content.” The other 11 items representing “decrease in motivation and cognitive functions” loaded in the second factor. In conclusion, the Turkish GDS was found to have reasonable time reliability, high internal consistency, and discriminant validity for Turkish elderly. Its two-factor structure can be used as an informative instrument for epidemiological studies, reflecting two main dimensions of depression in the elderly.

Download Full-text

Evaluating the effectiveness of a single-day simulation-based program in psychiatry for medical students: a controlled study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02708-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Younes ◽

Anne Laure Delaunay ◽

M. Roger ◽

Pierre Serra ◽

France Hirot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Simulated Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Simulation Group ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Training in psychiatry requires specific knowledge, attitudes, and skills that are obtainable by simulation, of which the use is only recent and still needs further development. Evidence is accumulating on its effectiveness but requires further validation for medical students. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single-day optional teaching program in psychiatry by simulation for medical students and validate a scale measuring Confidence in Psychiatric Clinical Skills (CPCQ), as part of the assessment. Methods This was a controlled study in a French University that compared (using paired-sample Student t-tests) knowledge and attitudes (university grades and CPCQ scores) before, just after teaching with simulated patients, and 2 months later. Satisfaction with the program (including the quality of the debriefing) was also investigated. The CPCQ scale was validated by assessing the factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Finally, a comparison was run with a control group who received the usual psychiatric instruction using covariance analyses. Results Twenty-four medical students were included in the simulation group and 76 in the control group. Just after the simulation, knowledge and attitudes increased significantly in the simulation group. Satisfaction with the training and debriefing was very high. The CPCQ scale showed good psychometric properties: a single-factor structure, acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.73 [0.65–0.85]), and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.71 [0.35–0.88]). Two months after the simulation, knowledge and attitudes were significantly higher in the simulation group than the control group, despite a lack of difference in knowledge before the simulation. Conclusions Adding a simulation program in psychiatry to the usual teaching improved the knowledge and confidence of medical students. The CPCQ scale could be used for the evaluation of educational programs.

Download Full-text