scholarly journals Factors associated with depressive symptoms in African American crack cocaine smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nilsson Schönnesson ◽  
M. Williams ◽  
J. Atkinson ◽  
S. Timpson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Factors Associated

African American Women and Depression: Promoting the Need for Culturally Competent Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Kennedy ◽  
Chalice Jenkins ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
American Women

Abstract Depression is gradually increasing in African American women. These women are experiencing role changes and additional life stressors. Depressed African American women may perceive themselves as being devalued by society with fewer support systems to buffer stressful events. Depressive symptoms may develop into clinical depression and a further decrease in the quality of life for the African American woman. The assumption that all women share similar experiences does not allow for differences to emerge regarding the diagnostic process, measuring tools, and successful treatment strategies for various cultures. The authors developed a Multifaceted Model of Depression in African American Women for improving treatment of African American women with depression and future research needs. Cultural background plays a vital role in how the symptoms of mental illnesses are developed, reported, interpreted, and how women are treated. African Americans who subscribed to the Strong Black Women Archetype (SBWA) are naturally strong, resilient, self-contained, and self-sacrificing. This self-reliance prevents them from reaching out for social support. This, in turn, can contribute to depressive symptoms with negative health outcomes. The African American women are more apt to have less access to routine medical care where early diagnosis and interventions can be done, so their mental health problems (e.g., depression, stress, etc.) are often more developed, complicated, and their social supports more depleted when they do access treatment. When African American women do have access to mental health care, they receive poor quality care compared to Whites.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Free Hospital Outpatient Service Use among Middle-Aged and Older Urban Homeless Adults in Taipei

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5330
Author(s):  
Lan-Ping Lin ◽  
Li-Yun Wang ◽  
Tai-Wen Wang ◽  
Yun-Cheng Chen ◽  
Jin-Ding Lin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospital Outpatient ◽  
Outpatient Visits

Homeless individuals have many negative experiences with inequality regarding access to and the use of primary healthcare services, so policies to eliminate the disparities in and barriers to primary care access for these people are needed. The aim of this study was to explore the use and determinants of free hospital outpatient services for homeless people, in order to describe the provision of free healthcare policies for this vulnerable population in Taipei. One cross-sectional survey was conducted to recruit homeless people aged 45 years old and over in Taipei in 2018. A structured questionnaire was used, and face-to-face interviews were conducted by three social workers to collect the data. Finally, 129 participants were recruited in the study. The results show that 81.4% of the homeless people had made free hospital outpatient care visits (mean = 5.9 visits) in the last three months. An unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed that those homeless people who reported having usual healthcare providers, with higher depressive symptom scores, who used medication and had been hospitalized within one year, and had more chronic diseases, were significantly more likely to make free hospital outpatient visits. The adjusted logistic regression model indicates that homeless people with severe depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 9.32, 95% CI = 1.15–56.07), who had received medication (OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.06–14.52), and who had more than five chronic diseases (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.35–13.27), were significantly more likely to make free hospital outpatient visits than their counterparts. The findings highlight that homeless people have higher healthcare requirements than the general population, and the healthcare system should pay more attention to factors associated with higher outpatient service use, such as homelessness, severe depressive symptoms, the receipt of medication and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety during Pregnancy and Associations with Pregnancy Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejung Lee ◽  
Ki-Eun Kim ◽  
Mi-Young Kim ◽  
Chang Gi Park ◽  
Jung Yeol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Health Hospital

The purposes of this study were to investigate the trajectory groups of depressive symptoms and anxiety in women during pregnancy and to identify the factors associated with those groups. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a women’s health hospital in Seoul, Korea. Pregnant women (n = 136) completed a survey questionnaire that included questions on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pregnancy stress; additionally, their saliva was tested for cortisol hormone levels three times during their pregnancies. The group-based trajectory modeling approach was used to identify latent trajectory groups. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to explore the association of latent trajectory groups with sociodemographic factors and pregnancy stress. Three trajectory groups of depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable (70%), moderate-stable (25%), and increased (5%). Four trajectory groups of anxiety were identified: very low-stable (10%), low-stable (67%), moderate-stable (18%), and high-stable (5%). The only factor associated with both the depressive symptoms and anxiety trajectory groups was pregnancy stress (p < 0.001). Most participants showed stable emotional status; however, some participants experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety related to higher pregnancy stress. These pregnant women may need additional care from healthcare providers to promote their wellbeing during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Ebinger ◽  
Gregory J Botwin ◽  
Christine M Albert ◽  
Mona Alotaibi ◽  
Moshe Arditi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
African American Race

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the factors associated with seroprevalence across a diverse cohort of healthcare workers.DesignObservational cohort study of healthcare workers, including SARS-CoV-2 serology testing and participant questionnaires.SettingsA multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County.ParticipantsA diverse and unselected population of adults (n=6062) employed in a multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County, including individuals with direct patient contact and others with non-patient-oriented work functions.Main outcomesUsing Bayesian and multivariate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody levels, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential COVID-19 illness-related exposures; and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection.ResultsWe observed a seroprevalence rate of 4.1%, with anosmia as the most prominently associated self-reported symptom (OR 11.04, p<0.001) in addition to fever (OR 2.02, p=0.002) and myalgias (OR 1.65, p=0.035). After adjusting for potential confounders, seroprevalence was also associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.98, p=0.001) and African-American race (OR 2.02, p=0.027) as well as contact with a COVID-19-diagnosed individual in the household (OR 5.73, p<0.001) or clinical work setting (OR 1.76, p=0.002). Importantly, African-American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with antibody positivity even after adjusting for personal COVID-19 diagnosis status, suggesting the contribution of unmeasured structural or societal factors.Conclusion and relevanceThe demographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among our healthcare workers underscore the importance of exposure sources beyond the workplace. The size and diversity of our study population, combined with robust survey and modelling techniques, provide a vibrant picture of the demographic factors, exposures and symptoms that can identify individuals with susceptibility as well as potential to mount an immune response to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Exploring Condom Use Behaviors Among African American Adolescent Boys in the Deep South

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832110090
Author(s):  
Jessica Thames Chambliss ◽  
Retta Evans ◽  
Anneliese Bolland ◽  
Martha S. Wingate ◽  
John M. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
African American Adolescent ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Risky sexual behaviors among adolescents can increase adverse outcomes including unplanned pregnancy or contraction or transmission of disease. Adolescents who engage in risky sexual activities are at increased risk for adverse health and social outcomes compared to those who do not engage. Despite declines in adolescent pregnancy and birth rates, the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is steadily increasing among adolescents. Moreover, African American adolescent boys in the United States, specifically in the southeastern region are disproportionally at greater risk for STIs, and STI diagnosis within this population has increased over time, compared to their white counterparts. This study sought to identify factors associated with condom use among adolescent boys in the Deep South. Using data from the Mobile Youth Survey, a longitudinal adolescent community-based survey, this study assessed the relationship between personal, behavioral, and environmental factors and condom use among African American adolescent boys (14–19 years). Younger participants (14–15 and 16–17) were more likely to use a condom during the last sexual intercourse compared to older participants (18–19 years). High positive attachment to boy/girlfriend was associated with increased condom use. The number of sexual partners, age at their first sexual encounter, recent sexual behavior, and having an STI were also associated with increased condom use among participants. The study provides further insights into factors associated with condom use among African American adolescent boys and results can inform the development of sexual health interventions.

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