Pyocyanin induces systemic oxidative stress, inflammation and behavioral changes in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devinder Arora ◽  
Susan Hall ◽  
Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie ◽  
Rachel Morrison ◽  
Amelia McFarland ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (512) ◽  
pp. eaaw3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaice A. LaFavers ◽  
Etienne Macedo ◽  
Pranav S. Garimella ◽  
Camila Lima ◽  
Shehnaz Khan ◽  
...  

High serum concentrations of kidney-derived protein uromodulin [Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)] have recently been shown to be independently associated with low mortality in both older adults and cardiac patients, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that THP inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the kidney and systemically. Consistent with this experimental data, the concentration of circulating THP in patients with surgery-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) correlated with systemic oxidative damage. THP in the serum dropped after AKI and was associated with an increase in systemic ROS. The increase in oxidant injury correlated with postsurgical mortality and need for dialysis. Mechanistically, THP inhibited the activation of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2) channel. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPM2 in vivo in a mouse model mitigated the systemic increase in ROS during AKI and THP deficiency. Our results suggest that THP is a key regulator of systemic oxidative stress by suppressing TRPM2 activity, and our findings might help explain how circulating THP deficiency is linked with poor outcomes and increased mortality.


Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Alessandro G. Fois ◽  
Elisabetta Sotgiu ◽  
Valentina Scano ◽  
Silvia Negri ◽  
Sabrina Mellino ◽  
...  

Introduction: In vitro evidence suggests that pirfenidone and nintedanib, approved agents for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. We aimed to investigate such effects in vivo in IPF patients. Methods: Systemic circulating markers of oxidative stress [nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances (TBARS), homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and ADMA/Arginine ratio, glutathione (GSH), plasma protein –SH (PSH), and taurine (Tau)] and inflammation [Kynurenine (Kyn), Tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn/Trp ratio] were measured at baseline and after 24-week treatment in 18 IPF patients (10 treated with pirfenidone and 8 with nintedanib) and in 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Compared to controls, IPF patients had significantly lower concentrations of reduced blood GSH (457 ± 73 µmol/L vs 880 ± 212 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and plasma PSH (4.24 ± 0.95 µmol/g prot vs 5.28 ± 1.35 µmol/g prot, p = 0.012). Pirfenidone treatment significantly decreased the Kyn/Trp ratio (0.030 ± 0.011 baseline vs 0.025 ± 0.010 post-treatment, p = 0.048) whilst nintedanib treatment significantly increased blood GSH (486 ± 70 μmol/L vs 723 ± 194 μmol/L, p = 0.006) and reduced ADMA concentrations (0.501 ± 0.094 vs. 0.468 ± 0.071 μmol/L, p = 0.024). Conclusion: pirfenidone and nintedanib exert beneficial effects on specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in IPF patients.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Mihailović ◽  
Jelena Arambašić Јovanović ◽  
Aleksandra Uskoković ◽  
Nevena Grdović ◽  
Svetlana Dinić ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to assess thein vivoeffects of the extract of the medicinal mushroom,Lactarius deterrimus, when administered (60 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for four weeks to streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with theL. deterrimusextract displayed several improved biochemical parameters in the circulation: reduced hyperglycemia, lower triglyceride concentration and reduced glycated hemoglobin, glycated serum protein, and advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels. This treatment also adjusted the diabetes-induced redox imbalance. Thus, higher activities of the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the circulation were accompanied by increased levels of free intracellular thiols and glutathionylated proteins after treatment with theL. deterrimusextract. In addition to a systemic antioxidant effect, the administration of the extract to diabetic rats also had a positive localized effect on pancreatic islets where it decreased AGE formation, and increased the expression of chemokine CXCL12 protein that mediates the restoration ofβ-cell population through the activation of the serine/threonine-specific Akt protein kinase prosurvival pathway. As a result, the numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen- (PCNA-) and insulin-positiveβ-cells were increased. These results show that the ability of theL. deterrimusextract to alleviate oxidative stress and increaseβ-cell mass represents a therapeutic potential for diabetes management.


2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. H1610-H1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Maher ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Qinglu Li ◽  
Elizabeth Braunlin ◽  
Mary G. Garry ◽  
...  

Due to their specialized location, stem and progenitor cells are often exposed to oxidative stress. Although ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (Abcg2)-expressing cells have been implicated in cardiac protective mechanisms involving oxidative stress, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the behavior of cardiac Abcg2-expressing cells when exposed to ROS. The aim of the present study was to characterize the response of the cardiac Abcg2 lineage to oxidative stress. In vitro analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant program regulated by Abcg2 is dependent on a functional transporter. Delivery of paraquat dichloride (PQ), a systemic oxidative stress-inducing agent, to mice confirmed that Abcg2 provides a survival benefit. When exposed to PQ, reporter mice showed an increase in the Abcg2 lineage. Transcriptional and immunohistochemical analysis of Abcg2 lineage-positive cells revealed an enhanced vascular commitment after stress. Finally, preconditioning with PQ demonstrated a reduction in scar size and an increase in angiogenesis after permanent left coronary artery ligation. In conclusion, the data suggest that Abcg2 plays a cytoprotective role in response to in vivo oxidative stress. The contribution of the Abcg2 lineage to the vasculature in the heart is increased after PQ delivery.


Author(s):  
Nita Sahi ◽  
Ashok Kumar Verma ◽  
Roopinder Kaur ◽  
Manveen Kaur Jawanda

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is the first of the "diseases of civilization" to appear. Its prevalence is escalating at an alarming rate. Environmental and behavioral changes brought about by economic development, modernization and urbanization has been linked to the rise in global obesity. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The present scenario suggests that higher oxidative stress is the key factor of obesity and hence a management strategy aiming at control of lipid peroxidation in obesity by use of maize diet is envisaged.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This study has been conducted on 1001 Gujarati and non Gujarati girls aged between 18-30 years. They were further distributed according to age, inhabitance, socio economic status, dietary habits, family history and blood pressure. Every subject in each group was asked to replace the wheat chapatti by maize chapatti for 30 days; the girls were examined for oxidative stress parameter MDA before and after maize diet along with the statistical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There was a positive effect of maize diet on biochemical parameter of all the girls in all the subgroups Malondialdehyde level in total girls before the maize diet was 2.35 ± 0.76 nmol/ml which reduced to 1.8 ± 0.46 nmol/ml after the diet (P&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The oxidative stress showed improvement in normal, overweight and obese girls, most significantly on overweight and obese girls after taking the diet (P&lt;0.001). Current dietetic practice is to recommend a healthy eating plan of reduced fat, and increased fiber intake.</p>


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
James A Cocores

The public health hazards associated with Maillard end-products such as melanoidins and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), intermediary Maillard reaction creations, include most of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. At the same time, only a few clinicians understand the intricacies linking redox biophysics and disease to humans and animals, explained here and in companion articles in simple to conceptualize terms. Maillard abuse causes increased systemic oxidative stress (SOS: pE-> pH+), an accelerant to the fatal vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. Maillard abuse-induced SOS (pE-> pH+) is also linked to type 2 diabetes, thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, low testosterone, and osteoporosis. Many studies have shed light on exotic, intricate, and pricey markers to test extracellular and intracellular Maillard reaction-induced redox imbalance. And their corresponding influence on soluble and cell receptor signaling and the Maillard-induced redox-based diseases and deaths they cause. Inconclusive and pricey new markers for measuring extracellular and intracellular redox balance and imbalance cost thousands of US Dollars (USD) per in vivo assay. The author presents seven extracellular and intracellular redox markers costing less than 150 USD per in vivo assay, using standard laboratory tests available to medical centers worldwide. A PubMed search revealed no studies testing colas, pizza, burgers, and wings-specific intra-day Maillard-rich food binges on TSH, TG/HDL ratio (THR), VLDL/HDL ratio (VHR), LDL/HDL ratio (LHR), and urine pH+ extracellular redox markers, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) intracellular redox indicators. The objective of this pilot single case study is to test the feasibility of replication on a much larger scale. The second objective is to analyze the potential influence or lack of impact of Maillard intermediate and end-products on oral-intestine, corporal extracellular, and intracellular redox biophysics, soluble and cell receptor signaling, immunosuppression, inflammation, and risk for developing one or more of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide at three targeted intraday-pH+ points. The participant met inclusion criteria and drank acidic tide-inducing Maillard-rich colas to prompt an intra-oral-intestinal and the body’s extracellular systemic oxidative stress (SOS: pE-> pH+)-associated plasma acidic-tide. And had blood drawn for CBC with differential and platelet count, comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel, and TSH, and provided a sample for a routine urinalysis after an at-home confirmation of extracellular acidic-tide using ‘Just Fitter pH Test Strips pH 4.5 – pH 9.0.’ In a concerted attempt to reach an at-home urine pH+ strip value of 5.5, the top of the 4.5 to 5.5 urine and 7.35 to 7.38 blood systemic oxidative stress range (SOS: pE-> pH+). Before driving to the lab to give blood and urine samples for CBC with differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel, TSH, and routine urinalysis. A similar procedure occurred to consuming mainly alkaline-botanical pizza, peanut butter shake, stronger alkaline tide-inducing acidic bacon double cheeseburgers and twelve fried chicken wings. The move from cola-associated urine pH+ 6 to pizza-associated pH+ 6.5 within the prime systemic energy PSE (pE- = pH+) urine pH+ range increased oral-intestinal, extracellular, and intracellular SOS by a factor of 50. The move from pizza-associated urine pH+ 6.5 to burgers and wings-associated pH+ 7.0 within the systemic reductive stress (SRS: pE-< pH+) urine pH+ range of 6.7 to 7.7, increased oral-intestinal, extracellular, and intracellular SOS (SOS: pE- > pH+) by a massive score of 556. This pilot study warrants reproduction on a larger scale with similarly healthy participants with elevated antioxidant tone. Such Maillard-intense trials require safe inclusionary criteria that limit initial subject sample pools to the equivalent of less than 25% of healthy females and males 8 to 80 years of age within or close to their ideal body mass indices and waist-to-height ratios.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Cocores

The public health hazards associated with Maillard end-products such as melanoidins and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), intermediary Maillard reaction creations, include most of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. At the same time, only a few clinicians understand the intricacies linking redox biophysics and disease to humans and animals, explained here and in companion articles in simple to conceptualize terms. Maillard abuse causes increased systemic oxidative stress (SOS: pE-> pH+), an accelerant to the fatal vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. Maillard abuse-induced SOS (pE-> pH+) is also linked to type 2 diabetes, thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, low testosterone, and osteoporosis. Many studies have shed light on exotic, intricate, and pricey markers to test extracellular and intracellular Maillard reaction-induced redox imbalance. And their corresponding influence on soluble and cell receptor signaling and the Maillard-induced redox-based diseases and deaths they cause. Inconclusive and pricey new markers for measuring extracellular and intracellular redox balance and imbalance cost thousands of US Dollars (USD) per in vivo assay. The author presents seven extracellular and intracellular redox markers costing less than 150 USD per in vivo assay, using standard laboratory tests available to medical centers worldwide. A PubMed search revealed no studies testing colas, pizza, burgers, and wings-specific intra-day Maillard-rich food binges on TSH, TG/HDL ratio (THR), VLDL/HDL ratio (VHR), LDL/HDL ratio (LHR), and urine pH+ extracellular redox markers, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) intracellular redox indicators. The objective of this pilot single case study is to test the feasibility of replication on a much larger scale. The second objective is to analyze the potential influence or lack of impact of Maillard intermediate and end-products on oral-intestine, corporal extracellular, and intracellular redox biophysics, soluble and cell receptor signaling, immunosuppression, inflammation, and risk for developing one or more of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide at three targeted intraday-pH+ points. The participant met inclusion criteria and drank acidic tide-inducing Maillard-rich colas to prompt an intra-oral-intestinal and the body’s extracellular systemic oxidative stress (SOS: pE-> pH+)-associated plasma acidic-tide. And had blood drawn for CBC with differential and platelet count, comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel, and TSH, and provided a sample for a routine urinalysis after an at-home confirmation of extracellular acidic-tide using ‘Just Fitter pH Test Strips pH 4.5 – pH 9.0.’ In a concerted attempt to reach an at-home urine pH+ strip value of 5.5, the top of the 4.5 to 5.5 urine and 7.35 to 7.38 blood systemic oxidative stress range (SOS: pE-> pH+). Before driving to the lab to give blood and urine samples for CBC with differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel, TSH, and routine urinalysis. A similar procedure occurred to consuming mainly alkaline-botanical pizza, peanut butter shake, stronger alkaline tide-inducing acidic bacon double cheeseburgers and twelve fried chicken wings. The move from cola-associated urine pH+ 6 to pizza-associated pH+ 6.5 within the prime systemic energy PSE (pE- = pH+) urine pH+ range increased oral-intestinal, extracellular, and intracellular SOS by a factor of 50. The move from pizza-associated urine pH+ 6.5 to burgers and wings-associated pH+ 7.0 within the systemic reductive stress (SRS: pE-< pH+) urine pH+ range of 6.7 to 7.7, increased oral-intestinal, extracellular, and intracellular SOS (SOS: pE- > pH+) by a massive score of 556. This pilot study warrants reproduction on a larger scale with similarly healthy participants with elevated antioxidant tone. Such Maillard-intense trials require safe inclusionary criteria that limit initial subject sample pools to the equivalent of less than 25% of healthy females and males 8 to 80 years of age within or close to their ideal body mass indices and waist-to-height ratios.


2014 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Camargo ◽  
Patricia Peña-Orihuela ◽  
Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga ◽  
Pablo Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Javier Delgado-Lista ◽  
...  

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