Clinical signs of hypoxaemia in children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute respiratory distress in Switzerland and Senegal

Background: Laryngeal paralysis, failure of arytenoid cartilage, and vocal fold abduction are commonly seen in older medium to large breed dogs. Observation of laryngeal function in dogs and cats is performed by transoral visualization. There are a variety of surgical techniques; aspiration pneumonia is the most common complication associated with surgical correction of laryngeal paralysis. The aim of this case series is to report on the placement of a laryngeal silicone stent in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis and its use as an alternative treatment of respiratory distress caused by laryngeal paralysis and/or its use for laryngeal stenosis as complication of laryngeal paralysis surgery.Case description: Seven dogs presented with either episode of gagging, mild-to-severe inspiratory distress, or cyanosis because of a laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal stenosis. In each case, the laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. They were treated with a silicone laryngeal stent (Stening®) that substantially improved the clinical signs. Each dog had a different outcome because of other pathologies; however, the laryngeal pathology was successfully treated with the stent.Conclusion: The placement of the laryngeal stent is an easy technique to learn and practice, it could avoid the lifethreatening complications of the laryngeal paralysis at the acute phase, and it could be a noninvasive and long-term alternative therapy for laryngeal paralysis in dogs. The results in these clinical cases are encouraging for considering the laryngeal stent as a therapeutic alternative. Key words: Canine, Polyneuropathy, Prosthesis, Surgery.

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Escherichia fergusonii Associated with Pneumonia in a Beef Cow

Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/829532 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Guillermo M. Rimoldi ◽

Robert B. Moeller

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Postmortem Examination ◽

Histologic Examination ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Beef Cow ◽

Acute Pneumonia

An adult Angus cow developed hyperthermia, prostration, and respiratory distress, dying 36 hours after the onset of clinical signs. The main finding during postmortem examination was a severe focally extensive pneumonia. Icterus and a chronic mastitis were also noticed. Histologic examination of the lungs detected fibrinonecrotic pneumonia, with large number of oat cells and intralesional Gram-negative bacterial colonies. Samples from lung lesions were collected, and a pure growth of Escherichia fergusonii was obtained. E. fergusonii is a member of Enterobacteriaceae, related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. In veterinary medicine, E. fergusonii has been reported in calves and sheep with clinical cases suggestive of salmonellosis; in a horse and a goat with enteritis and septicemia; and in ostriches with fibrinonecrotic typhlitis. To our knowledge, this report represents the first description of E. fergusonii associated with an acute pneumonia in cattle.

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Respiratory distress in Full and Post term neonates: Prevalence, Etiologies and Outcomes in a Tertiary Health Center in Yaoundé

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29545/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Didi Stanine Mefo Kue ◽

Aude Sabine Nanfack ◽

ANNE ESTHER NJOM NLEND

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Health Center ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Respiratory Control ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Full Term ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Neonates

Abstract Introduction Respiratory distress (RD) is a common condition for admission of newborns in neonatal care unit (NCU), in both preterm and full-term neonates. Our objective was to describe the clinical features, causes and treatment of RD in full term neonates in a tertiary health center in Yaoundé, the Essos Hospital Centre (EHC). Patients and Method We conducted a cross sectional retrospective study. Full term neonates with RD at EHC from January 2017 to December 2018 were included, assuming clinical signs of RD prior to 48 hours following admission. Factors evaluated: incidence of RD, main etiologies, short term outcomes and risk factors for severity. Data were collected using a chart, then analyzed using software Stata Version 13.Results 186 full term neonates out of 2312 newborn babies admitted in NCU, met the inclusion criteria giving a prevalence rate of RD of 8%. Sex ratio of 2.15 was favoring males; median age at admission was 7.25 hours and 89.2 % were born at a median gestational age of 38 weeks. Clinical signs of RD were dominated by signs of respiratory control with a Silverman score above 4/10 in 64%. The most common etiologies were neonatal infection / pneumonia (45.9%), followed by transient tachypnea. Clinical management was performed using nasal cannula oxygen and antibiotics. Perinatal asphyxia, cyanosis and caesarian section were found to be associated with severe RD in this setting. Mortality rate was 10.4%.Conclusion RD in full term neonates is common in this setting, with neonatal infection as preeminent etiology; the mortality rate is high and the management still inappropriate.

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PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND IN THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.24.6.1069 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1069-1101

Author(s):

L. Stanley James

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

The Body ◽

Normal Lung ◽

Term Infants ◽

Lung Expansion

To improve our understanding of the respiratory distress syndrome, the importance of early examination of the infant, preferably at delivery, cannot be overemphasized. An attempt should be made to estimate clinically the degree of birth asphyxiation by a method such as the Apgar Score. The nature of respirations as well as the rate should be noted, particularly retractions and grunting. Decreased response to stimuli or poor tone, and a low blood pressure are significant signs. In this review, a number of comparisons have been drawn, including evidence from adult medicine or animal experiments. While these may appear unrelated, irrelevant or unduly speculative, they have been introduced for several purposes: to draw attention to aspects of the syndrome other than respiratory distress; to acquaint the general reader with more recent physiology which is deemed pertinent; and to emphasize the importance of relating one system to another, especially respiration to circulation. Many of the studies of respiratory function point to cardiac as well as pulmonary failure, notably the need for oxygen in the presence of a normal tidal and increased minute volume. Other circumstantial evidence of cardiac failure is abundant. Asphyxia appears to play a central role, affecting almost every system in the body and every phase of metabolism. It is probably responsible for the normal or low venous pressures occurring with a failing myocardium. It also accounts for the higher incidence of respiratory distress in the smaller prematures who are unable to achieve and maintain normal lung expansion. The syndrome is uncommon in larger full-term infants and in these instances is associated with obstetrical complications causing more severe degrees of birth asphyxia. The clinical picture includes a number of variations depending upon whether respiratory depression or symptoms relating to the central nervous or gastrointestinal systems predominate. Nevertheless, diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome should rely not on the presence or absence of membranes at necropsy, but rather on the history, symptoms and clinical signs. Inasmuch as asphyxia is not a disease, it would seem more logical to regard the syndrome as a failure in adaptation to extrauterine life. Failure to comprehend the many adaptations which newborn infants must make, both cardiopulmonary and biochemical, together with a narrow view centering only around the hyaline membranes, have for so many years cloaked this syndrome with mystery. Physiologic measurements in sick infants are difficult, and many of the determinations and calculations arduous. Some of the studies require confirmation, and others remain to be done, employing new or improved technics which are free from disadvantages of older methods. Because of many variables, caution should be exercised in drawing conclusions from a small number of cases. Early pioneering work has contributed greatly and has paved the way for future investigations. The value of serial studies correlated with careful clinical observations in order that the precise nature of a dynamic process may be more fully revealed has been clearly shown.

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Lung lobe torsion in a cat with chronic feline asthma

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/15473317-34-6-493 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 493-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

TL Dye ◽

HD Teague ◽

ML Poundstone

Keyword(s):

Supportive Care ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Successful Outcome ◽

Lung Lobe ◽

History Of

Lung lobe torsion, although rare in cats, can be seen as a sequela to chronic respiratory disease. Clinical signs may include lethargy, coughing, hemoptysis, and respiratory distress. Lung lobe torsion may be diagnosed using radiography, ultrasonography, contrast bronchography, bronchoscopy, or thoracoscopy. Stabilization with fluids, oxygen, and supportive care followed by thoracotomy and lobectomy of the affected lobe(s) are necessary for a successful outcome. Diagnosis and treatment of lung lobe torsion is described in a 12.5-year-old cat with a history of feline asthma.

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Clinical case of nebulized surfactant therapy for severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia at the 2nd stage of rehabilitation treatment

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-16-78-84 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-84

Author(s):

I. Yu. Stulikova ◽

A. V. Tsvetkova ◽

E. S. Koneva ◽

T. V. Shapovalenko

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Surfactant Therapy ◽

Rehabilitation Treatment ◽

Atmospheric Air ◽

Thoracic Ct

The development of an effective and safe drug for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 is currently an urgent task for the global medical community. Given that lung damage remains the predominant syndrome in COVID-19, and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common reason for transfer to intensive care unit and connection to artificial lung ventilation, it seems promising to study the effectiveness and safety of surfactant therapy, successfully proven in practice in the treatment of adult and preterm infants ARDS. Despite the fact that most studies are devoted to the use of this method in patients in the acute stage, we present a case from our own practice of Surfactant-BL inhalation in a patient with COVID-19-associated pneumonia at the 2nd stage of rehabilitation treatment. Clinical signs of respiratory failure (RR 22 per minute, Sa O2 86% on atmospheric air, 95% on insufflation of humidified oxygen 7 L/min), high percentage of lung tissue damage according to thoracic CT (55% – CT3) on admission to the Medical Rehabilitation Unit, as well as a score of 6 on the NEWS2 scale served as a basis for the patient to receive Surfactant-BL inhalation for the indication «prevention of the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome» in a dosage of 75 mg twice a day for 5 days. Positive dynamics of clinical data at the end of the course of inhalations (decrease of RR to 16 per minute, increase of Sa O2 to 90% on atmospheric air and to 95% on insufflation of humidified oxygen 5 l/min, improvement of auscultatory picture), as well as the control thoracic CT scan, which showed a decrease of lung parenchyma damage to 45.2% (CT-2), indicated the effectiveness and safety of this method in the complex rehabilitation of COVID-19 patient, being a basis for further investigation of this issue

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Clinical profile and factors associated with COVID-19 in Yaounde, Cameroon: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251504

Author(s):

Nicole Fouda Mbarga ◽

Emilienne Epee ◽

Marcel Mbarga ◽

Patrick Ouamba ◽

Herwin Nanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Male Gender ◽

Factors Associated

Background A year after the COVID-19 pandemic started, there are still few scientific reports on COVID-19 in Africa. This study explores the clinical profiles and factors associated with COVID-19 in Cameroon. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, we followed patients admitted for suspicion of COVID-19 at Djoungolo Hospital between 01st April and 31st July 2020. Patients were categorised by age groups and disease severity: mild (symptomatic without clinical signs of pneumonia), moderate (with clinical signs of pneumonia without respiratory distress) and severe cases (clinical signs of pneumonia and respiratory distress not requiring invasive ventilation). Demographic information and clinical features were summarised. Multivariable analysis was performed to predict risk. Findings A total of 313 patients were admitted during the study period; 259 were confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among the confirmed cases, the male group aged 40 to 49 years (13.9%) was predominant. Disease severity ranged from mild (26.2%; n = 68) to moderate (59%; n = 153) to severe (14.7%; n = 38); the case fatality rate was 1% (n = 4). Dysgusia (46%; n = 119) and hyposmia/anosmia (37.8%; n = 98) were common features of COVID-19. Nearly one-third of patients had comorbidities (29%; n = 53), of which hypertension was the most common (18.9%; n = 49). Participation in mass gatherings (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.37; P = 0.03) and dysgusia (OR = 2.09, P = 0.02) were predictive of diagnosis of COVID-19. Age groups 60 to 69 (OR = 7.41; P = 0.0001), 50 to 59 (OR = 4.09; P = 0.03), 40 to 49 (OR = 4.54; P = 0.01), male gender (OR = 2.53; P = 0.04), diabetes (OR = 4.05; P = 0.01), HIV infection (OR = 5.57; P = 0.03), lung disease (OR = 6.29; P = 0.01), dyspnoea (OR = 3.70; P = 0.008) and fatigue (OR = 3.35; P = 0.02) significantly predicted COVID-19 severity. Conclusions Most COVID-19 cases in this study were benign with low fatality. Age (40–70), male gender, HIV infection, lung disease, dyspnoea and fatigue are associated with severe COVID-19. Such findings may guide public health decision-making.

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Respiratory obstruction due to tonsillar lymphoglandular polyp in a brachycephalic dog: a case report

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-03082-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leah Gabriel ◽

Yazdan Aryazand ◽

Nicole Buote

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Co2 Laser ◽

Emergency Service ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Respiratory Obstruction ◽

Severe Respiratory Distress ◽

Working Space ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Masses

Abstract Background Respiratory distress is one of the most common afflictions of brachycephalic dogs. Dogs in respiratory distress usually present to the emergency service with a constellation of clinical signs including but not limited to: stertorous breathing, dyspnea, gagging, cyanotic mucus membranes, hyperthermia, and commonly a history of gastrointestinal signs. While Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome is the most common cause of respiratory distress in dogs with brachycephalic conformation, any condition eliciting an inflammatory response in the oropharynx, can result in obstruction. There is no previous report of respiratory obstruction leading to emergency tonsillectomy caused by tonsillar polyps. Case presentation A 9-month-old male intact English bulldog presented to the emergency service in severe respiratory distress. Due to continued severe dyspnea and cyanosis the patient was induced with propofol (Propofol, Hospira) 4 mg/kg intravenously titrated to effect and tracheal intubation performed. Intubation was noted to be difficult due the presence of two, large, inflamed masses in the oropharynx region. The remainder of his physical exam was unremarkable. Minimum database blood work and chest radiographs revealed only minor abnormalities. The patient was placed under anesthesia and the masses were transected sharply using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (Aesculight, Bothell, WA, USA). Anesthesia and recovery were uneventful, and the patient was discharged the following day. Histopathology results of the masses revealed them to be benign lymphoglandular polyps. Conclusions This is the first report of bilateral tonsillar polyps causing life-threatening respiratory obstruction in a dog. Both masses were excised safely and completely with the CO2 laser. Difficulties inherent to oropharyngeal surgery include the hemorrhage, small working space, tissue swelling and difficult visualization. Surgical excision of these polyps alleviated all emergent and chronic clinical signs, and the patient’s remains healthy 12-months post-treatment.

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Clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological study of caudal vena cava thrombosis in cattle

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz T. Coutinho ◽

Jomel F. Santos ◽

Rodolfo José C. Souto ◽

Nivan A.A. Silva ◽

José Cláudio A. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

Liver Abscesses ◽

Left Shift ◽

Vena Cava Thrombosis ◽

Epidemiological Information

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to describe the main clinico-epidemiological, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings in 10 cattle affected with caudal vena cava thrombosis. The main clinical signs observed were decreased milk production, reduced appetite, apathy, impairment of ruminal motility, cardiorespiratory disorders (tachycardia and tachypnea), epistaxis, hemoptysis, and ascites. Intercurrent diseases such as mastitis, metritis, and phlebitis were verified. The hematological findings were mild anemia, leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with regenerative left shift, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The pathological exams revealed thrombi in the caudal vena cava, hepatomegaly, ascites, liver abscesses, pulmonary edema and emphysema, and abscesses in the lungs. The association of epidemiological information, clinical signs such as respiratory distress, epistaxis or hemoptysis, in addition to anemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, as well as the occurrence of thrombus in the caudal vena cava as pathological findings, are indicative elements of the clinical picture of vena cava thrombosis in cattle. It is reiterated that this disease has an unfavorable prognosis and, when diagnosed, the animal must be culled.

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RULES OF EVIDENCE APPLIED TO TREATMENTS OF NEONATAL HYPOXEMIA AND ACIDOSIS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.42.4.563 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 563-564

Author(s):

L. S. Prod'hom

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Assisted Ventilation ◽

Vasomotor Tone ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

The Past ◽

O2 Concentration ◽

Base Balance ◽

Slow Infusion ◽

Adequate Oxygenation

BIOCHEMICAL MONITORING of the low birth weight infant during the first 24 hours of life frequently reveals abnormalities of acid-base balance and hypoxemia; these anomalies are very striking in infants with clinical signs of respiratory distress. The clinician is then faced with two problems: the first in diagnosis, the second in treatment. In the past few years certain regimes for respiratory distress have been recommended with varying degrees of fact and forcefulness. These include the careful maintenance of thermal balance to keep oxygen consumption at a minimum, correction of acidosis by NaHCO3 or THAM in rapid or slow infusion, adequate oxygenation sometimes requiring an inspired O2 concentration above 40%, assisted ventilation (either through a tracheal tube or by a negative pressure tank), and, finally, administration of agents acting on vasomotor tone.

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