Mineralogical auditing of the Volta Grande Mine (SE Brazil) Sn-Ta-Nb-Li processing plant, aiming at REE recovery as by-products

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Felipe E. A. Alves ◽  
Reiner Neumann ◽  
Ciro A. Ávila ◽  
Paulo E. M. Ferreira ◽  
Caymon de S. Assumpção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Plant ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Recovery and Characterization of By-Products from Egg Processing Plant Wastewater Using Coagulants

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Xu ◽  
B.W. Sheldon ◽  
R.E. Carawan ◽  
D.K. Larick ◽  
A.C. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Processing Plant ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Disposal of Animal Waste as a Risk Factor in the Spread of Zoonotic Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Nada Plavša ◽  
Stoja Jotanović ◽  
Đorđe Savić
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
By Products

The aim of this study is to give an overview of the production and management of animal waste in the Republic of Serbia, and to emphasize the importance of this issue and its proper solution. Disposal of animal waste is a significant prophylactic measure, aimed at detecting, preventing, suppressing and eradicating infectious and parasitic diseases in humans and animals. The process of animal waste disposal starts from the manufacturer, who is responsible for ensuring safe storage of waste in a cooling unit, until its final removal in the processing plant. Disposal of animal waste must be done in a safe way otherwise dangerous pathogens can be spread by water, air and soil and can endanger the health of the population. In the European Union, and the Republic of Serbia accordingly, the legislation was introduced regulating the ways of managing animal waste, categorizing hazardous waste and ways to its secure resolving, with member states obliged to respect and apply the methods of safe handling of by-products of animal origin.

scholarly journals Development of the Technology for Processing Plant Breeding By-Products to Obtain Biosorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Svetlana Sushkova ◽  
Aleksei Fedorenko ◽  
Ilya Lobzenko ◽  
Anatoly Barakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
By Products

This study focuses on the potential transforming sunflower husk wastes into innovative green products to be used for the recultivation of contaminated soils. This transformation makes it possible to utilize the large quantity plant breeding by-products to obtain a highly porous biosorbent. Optimal conditions for the preparation of bisorbents can be determined based on measurements of their specific surface and porosity. It is shown that structural characteristics of sorbent depend on conditions of the pyrolysis of primary raw material. Optimal conditions for obtaining biosorbent with a specified proportion of mesoand micropores and high specific surface are performed under three-stage pyrolysis as given by following conditions: sample holding time of 10-30 min, final temperature 700°С, and heating rate 15°С/min. A 3-month incubation study was conducted to investigate its performance in stabilization of copper contamination in Fluvisol. The sequential extraction procedure showed that the 1% sunflower husks biosorbent treatment reduced the mobile pool (exchange and carbon-bonded fractions) of Cu from 8 to 4%, respectively, compared to the contaminated soil. Cu is found to be tightly bonded owing to the increase of the residual and organic matter-bonded metal fractions. Owing to its adsorptive properties, biosorbent amendment of coppercontaminated soils appears as a promising approach to reduce the pollutant mobility and bioavailability.

scholarly journals Waste converting through by-product synergy: an insight from three-echelon supply chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Minhui Zhang ◽  
Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Transfer Price ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Price Decision ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

Abstract By-product synergy (BPS) is an innovative method to convert waste into valuable by-products effectively. Based on a three-echelon supply chain composed of an upstream manufacturer, a processing plant with limited processing capacity, and a downstream manufacturer, this study derives the production quantity and waste disposal decisions of the upstream and downstream manufacturers as well as the optimal transfer price decision of the processing plant. Moreover, we assess the environmental performance of BPS. Analytical results suggest that the upstream manufacturer’s production quantity and waste disposal decisions and the processing plant’s transfer price decision are threshold dependent on the processing plant’s capacity, whereas the downstream manufacturer's production quantity decision is threshold dependent on the processing plant’s capacity and price of raw materials. BPS is beneficial for all members of the supply chain to increase profit. The production promotion and cost-saving effects ensure that the supply chain members maximize their profit. However, BPS does not always have a positive effect on the environment; when the processing plant’s capacity and price of raw materials are below the threshold, implementing BPS results in a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.

Microbiological Evaluation of Pork and Chicken By-Products in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG-WHAN CHON ◽  
HAE-IN JUNG ◽  
MIN KUK ◽  
JONG-SOO LIM ◽  
KUN-HO SEO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to evaluate the microbiological risk of pork and chicken by-products by enumerating indicator bacteria (total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli) and identifying pathogens such as Campylobacter and Salmonella. The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic isolates was determined, and molecular subtyping was performed using automated repetitive sequence–based PCR (rep-PCR). Pork and chicken by-products were collected from 10 processing plants. The mean numbers of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli from 95 pork by-product samples and 64 chicken by-product samples were 5.1, 3.6, and 2.4 log CFU/g and 4.5, 3.0, and 1.8 log CFU/g, respectively. The numbers of indicator bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine, and gizzard) were significantly higher than those in other organs. Salmonella and Campylobacter species were detected in 3 and 5 of 95 pork by-product samples and in 6 and 3 of 64 chicken by-product samples, respectively. Four of 9 Salmonella isolates examined were resistant to eight antibiotics, and each of these resistant strains produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase. Most Campylobacter isolates were resistant to tetracycline (7 of 8 strains) and quinolones (7 of 8 strains). The similarity in rep-PCR patterns among Salmonella isolates was more closely associated with serotype than with the processing plant and type of meat. Conversely, the rep-PCR patterns of Campylobacter isolates were specific to the processing plant. Our findings could help agencies develop regulations for protection from foodborne bacterial infections arising from animal by-products.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN KONSENTRAT DESALINASI NUKLIR DENGAN KONSEP ZERO DISCHARGE DESALINATION UNTUK PULAU BANGKA

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Erlan Dewita ◽  
Siti Alimah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Nuclear Heat ◽  
Zero Discharge ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
By Products

ABSTRAK PENGOLAHAN KONSENTRAT DESALINASI NUKLIR DENGAN KONSEP ZERO DISCHARGE DESALINATION UNTUK PULAU BANGKA. Desalinasi nuklir merupakan proses untuk memisahkan garam terlarut dalam air laut dengan memanfaatkan panas nuklir. Konsentrat desalinasi merupakan salah satu masalah dalam desalinasi. Aliran konsentrat desalinasi yang dibuang langsung ke air laut dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air pantai dan memberikan dampak negatif pada biota yang berada di sekitar lokasi keluaran. Konsep ZDD (Zero Discharge Desalination) dapat diaplikasikan untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan. ZDD adalah konsep pengolahan limbah desalinasi menjadi garam dan produk kimia yang mempunyai nilai komersial. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh data awal pra-rancangan instalasi pengolahan konsentrat desalinasi di pulau Bangka. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dan perhitungan dengan program excel. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa produk utama adalah NaCl (garam farmasi) dan produk samping berupa cake BaSO4, Mg(OH)2, BaCO3. Kata Kunci: desalinasi, nuklir, konsentrat, ZDD, BaSO4, Mg(OH)2, BaCO3 , NaCl ABSTRACT DESIGN OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION CONCENTRATE PLANT BY USING ZERO DISCHARGE DESALINATION CONCEPT FOR BANGKA ISLAND. Nuclear desalination is a process to separate salt of seawater by using nuclear energy. Desalination concentrate is a problem in nuclear desalination. Desalination concentrate is sometimes discharged directly into the seawater, therefore it can affects the water quality of beach and rise negative effects on the biota in the vicinity of the output. ZDD (Zero Discharge Desalination) concept can be applied to minimized environment impact. This study is conducted by using PWR type NPP as nuclear heat source and using ZDD concept to process desalination waste. ZDD is a concept for processing of desalination concentrate into salt and chemical products which have economic values. Objectives of this study is to design nuclear desalination concentrate processing plant in Bangka Island. The methodology is literature assessment and calculation with excel programme. The results of this study shows that the main the products are NaCl (pharmaceutical salt) and cakes BaSO4, Mg(OH)2,BaCO3 as by products. Keywords: desalination, nuclear, concentrate, ZDD, BaSO4, Mg(OH)2, BaCO3, NaCl 

Biodegradation of monoethanolamine in soil monitored by electrical conductivity measurement: an observational approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
R CK Wong ◽  
L R Bentley ◽  
A W Ndegwa ◽  
A Chu ◽  
M Gharibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Plant Site ◽  
By Products

Monoethanolamine (MEA) is commonly used by the natural gas industry to remove acid gases from the natural gas stream. A series of pan test studies was conducted to examine the biodegradability of MEA in soil recovered from a decommissioned sour gas processing plant site. Test results indicate that MEA was successfully biodegraded or transformed into simple compounds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil evolved with changing chemical conditions of its by-products during degradation of MEA. Based on experimental observations, five ranges of EC were correlated with five geochemical zones consisting of various concentrations of MEA and its by-products. The five ranges of EC were translated into equivalent in situ EC ranges. Using these in situ EC ranges, an electrical resistivity tomography image was used to create a geochemical interpretation of the subsurface beneath the plant site. The geochemical interpretation can provide useful information for detailed site assessment and remediation design.Key words: electrical conductivity, biodegradation, monoethanolamine, ammonia, acetate, electrical resistivity tomography, site characterization, observational approach.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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