scholarly journals ADIPOSE TISSUE

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Morphological changes associated with mobilization of lipid were studied in epididymal adipose tissue from fasted and from alloxan diabetic rats. In both groups of animals a decrease in lipid content was accompanied by the formation of complex frond-like cytoplasmic processes and of loops and folds of basement membrane which extended from cell surfaces. These changes, evident after 1 day of fasting, increased in magnitude with increasing weight loss. As the lipid content of the cell decreased further, lipid-cytoplasmic interfaces became irregular and convoluted. Cytoplasmic microvesicles were prominent and appeared to be greatly increased in number. Rosette-like structures composed of microvesicles were observed in both lipid-depleted fat cells and endothelium. The interpretation of these changes and their physiological significance are discussed in terms of the physical and chemical properties of lipids and lipid metabolism. It is postulated that microvesicles may represent the mechanism of transport of free fatty acids in fat cells and in endothelium. Hypotheses are proposed and illustrated schematically for the mode of formation of microvesicular rosettes, for the mobilization and uptake of lipids by fat cells, and for the transport of lipids through endothelium.

scholarly journals Degradation of Plasticized Poly(1-chloroethylene) Waterproofing Membranes used as a Building Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-504
Author(s):  
Gregor Kravanja ◽  
Andrej Ivanič ◽  
Samo Lubej
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Roof Area ◽  
Breaking Points ◽  
Flat Roof ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the present work, both unused plasticized poly(1-chloroethylene) membranes and membranes taken from a flat roof area were comprehensively analysed. First, tensile strength and elongation at breaking points were determined, followed by measurements of wettability. Secondly, morphological changes were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To study chemical changes in aged membranes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR) was used. Finally, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) were performed simultaneously to study thermal degradation. The results show obvious changes in the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of membranes caused by plasticizer loss. Surface microstructure becomes stiffer, which leads to contractions and the prevalence of voids. In cross-sectional area, average thickness values decrease. Due to the degradation of the plasticized waterproofing membranes, the roofing area had to be completely replaced.

Effects of interaction between montmorillonite and Sphingomonas sp. GY2B on the physical and chemical properties of montmorillonite in the clay-modulated biodegradation of phenanthrene

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ruan ◽  
Pingxiao Wu ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Langfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Environmental contextInteractions between microbes and minerals can influence geochemical reactions, and hence are of fundamental importance in natural environmental processes. We investigate the effects of Sphingomonas sp. on the structure and physicochemical properties of montmorillonite, a common clay mineral, and determine how this interaction influences the biodegradation of phenanthrene. The findings have profound impact on the clay-modulated biodegradation of organic compounds in the environment. AbstractWe investigate the effect of Sphingomonas sp. GY2B on the structure and physicochemical properties of montmorillonite (Mt). The simultaneous biodegradation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, phenanthrene, was also monitored. After interaction with bacteria for 2 days, the increases of the specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume, differences of the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) patterns and the morphological changes revealed modification of the physicochemical properties and mineral surface. Although the interlayer spacing of Mt remained unchanged, the appearance and shift of several vibration peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the structural changes of Mt arising from bacterial activities. Concentrations of the major elements of montmorillonite changed greatly in the aqueous solution, especially Si, Al, Fe and Ca. Based on the analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR, these changes were mainly ascribed to the formation of precipitates and minerals in the biotic experiment. Changes in the release rate of different elements also substantiated that the GY2B strain has a considerable impact on the dissolution of montmorillonite. Additionally, a preferential release of Si and the 27Al and 29Si cross-polarisation magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS NMR) spectra of bacteria-untreated samples demonstrated that tetrahedral sheets were preferentially destroyed and octahedral sheets in montmorillonite were dissolved. These results showed that microorganisms can greatly affect the physical and chemical properties of clay minerals in the clay-modulated biodegradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants. This study provides valuable insight into the clay-modulated microbial remediation of organic pollutants in the environment.

Development and Characterization of Acrylic Based Bone Cements

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Aqsa Khan ◽  
Ghazna Hassan Khan ◽  
Eraj Humayun Mirza ◽  
Alidad Chandio ◽  
Maliha Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a multidisciplinary field in recent times with an aim to expedite the process of regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues. This study is an attempt to fabricate and characterize Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) and Chitosan incorporated Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based bone cement. In total two experimental PMMA based bone cements were fabricated that were differentiated by presence and absence of Chitosan. In both groups (10 and 30 wt.%) TCP were incorporated into Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer. PMMA was used as a control. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were assessed. Morphological changes of PMMA after the introduction of TCP and Chitosan were observed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Major peak shifts in Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra demonstrated the strong bonding of PMMA with incorporated materials. PMMA incorporated with 10% TCP showed the maximum wettability in absence of Chitosan. Hardness of the tested specimens decreased with increasing content of TCP which in turns enhanced ductility. It was also observed that neither of the samples showed significant degradation. The incorporation of additives enhance the physical and chemical properties of PMMA as bone cement.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RED BOOK OF SOILS FOR MONITORING AND JUSTIFICATION OF CONSERVATION MEASURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S. Bezuglova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Background Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Rostov Region belongs to the highly protected natural territories characterized by the continuous plowing. There territories are the only reserves with the soils preserved in their natural state. However, these areas often lack detailed information about the soils quality and composition. Surveying soils on these territories is crucial for determination of their basic physical and chemical properties. The resulted compilation of soil maps could lay a foundation for creating the Red Book of Soils and the formation of a section in the soil-geographical database of the Russian Federation. Subsequently, such information can be used as a background data for the main types of soils in the region. It will be also valuable during monitoring and justification of conservation measures.

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