Practices to Improve Antimicrobial Use at 47 US Hospitals the Status of the 1997 SHEA/IDSA Position Paper Recommendations

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Lawton ◽  
Scott K. Fridkin ◽  
Robert P. Gaynes ◽  
John E. McGowan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Infectious Disease Physician ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

Objective.To determine the status of programs to improve antimicrobial prescribing at select US hospitals.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Participants and Setting:Pharmacy and infection control staff at all 47 hospitals participating in phase 3 of Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology.Results:All 47 hospitals had some programs to improve antimicrobial use, but the practices reported varied considerably. All used a formulary, and 43 (91%) used it in conjunction with at least one of the other three antimicrobial-use policies evaluated: stop orders, restriction, and criteria-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). CPGs were reported most commonly (70%), followed by stop orders (60%) and restriction policies (40%). Although consultation with an infectious disease physician (70%) or pharmacist (66%) was commonly used to influence initial antimicrobial choice, few (40%) reported a system to measure compliance with these consultations.Conclusions:In most hospitals surveyed, practices to improve antimicrobial use, although present, were inadequate based on recommendations in a Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Disease Society of America joint position paper. There is room to improve antimicrobial-use stewardship at US hospitals.

Interfacility transfer communication of multidrug-resistant organism colonization or infection status: Practices and barriers in the acute-care setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Ellingson ◽  
Brie N. Noble ◽  
Genevieve L. Buser ◽  
Graham M. Snyder ◽  
Jessina C. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Academic Affiliation ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

Abstract Objective: To describe interfacility transfer communication (IFTC) methods for notification of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) status in a diverse sample of acute-care hospitals. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants: Hospitals within the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN). Methods: SRN members completed an electronic survey on protocols and methods for IFTC. We assessed differences in IFTC frequency, barriers, and perceived benefit by presence of an IFTC protocol. Results: Among 136 hospital representatives who were sent the survey, 54 (40%) responded, of whom 72% reported having an IFTC protocol in place. The presence of a protocol did not differ significantly by hospital size, academic affiliation, or international status. Of those with IFTC protocols, 44% reported consistent notification of MDRO status (>75% of the time) to receiving facilities, as opposed to 13% from those with no IFTC protocol (P = .04). Respondents from hospitals with IFTC protocols reported significantly fewer barriers to communication compared to those without (2.8 vs 4.3; P = .03). Overall, however, most respondents (56%) reported a lack of standardization in communication. Presence of an IFTC protocol did not affect whether respondents perceived IFTC protocols as having a significant impact on infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship. Conclusions: Most respondents reported having an IFTC protocol, which was associated with reduced communication barriers at transfer. Standardization of protocols and clarity about expectations for sending and receipt of information related to MDRO status may facilitate IFTC and promote appropriate and timely infection prevention practices.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Students’ Indiscipline at Islamic University in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Amina Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
The Status ◽  
School Rules ◽  
The Common ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

The study explored the common students’ indiscipline at Islamic University in Uganda. The study was quantitative and a cross-sectional survey design was used. The population of the study was 3,486 registered students in the academic year 2019/2020. They were selected from the Faculty of Education, Faculty of Management Studies, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences, and Faculty of Science. A sample of 265 respondents was selected for the study using proportionate and random sampling. The mean score was computed to analyse the data. To conclude, the point range of the arithmetic mean was considered. The study found that the common indiscipline among learners in IUIU included disrespect to teachers and school rules and regulations, theft, and irregular attendance. The study recommended IUIU administration improves staff remuneration to change the status of the teachers. Furthermore, the administration needs to tighten security in the university and residents need to take care of their property to avoid theft. The researcher also recommended that a study should be carried out to find out the cause of students’ irregular attendance

Social Comparisons for Following Health Recommendations and Their Relation to Worry and Intentions During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Keith A. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract. Background: During uncertain threatening situations, people make social comparisons that influence self-evaluations, inform decisions, and guide behavior. In 2019, an emerging infectious disease (COVID-19) became a pandemic and resulted in unparalleled public health recommendations (e.g., social distancing, wear masks in public). Aims: The current research examined people’s beliefs about how their own compliance to recommendations compared to others and explored the unique associations between social comparisons, worry, risk perceptions, and intentions for health-protective action. Method: An adult sample of US residents ( N = 452) completed an online, cross-sectional survey about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: First, participants reported better-than-average compliance beliefs. Second, comparative beliefs were positively (and uniquely) associated with intentions for future compliance-related behaviors and general risk-reduction behaviors (e.g., information seeking) – particularly for participants who viewed COVID-19 as threatening. Finally, the relation between comparative beliefs and intentions was indirect through worry (but not risk), though alternative models also achieved support. Limitations: Our findings are limited by our use of a cross-sectional design, methodological choices, and our lack of behavioral measures. Conclusions: Overall, results demonstrate that people are attentive to their comparative levels of compliance behaviors during an infectious disease pandemic. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications and the relevance of social comparisons for self-protective action during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Factors associated with antenatal depression among pregnant women in Vietnam: A multisite cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292091407
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Hue ◽  
Nguyen Hang Nguyet Van ◽  
Phung Phuong Nha ◽  
Ngo Tuan Vu ◽  
Pham Minh Duc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Status ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study aimed to describe the status of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant women in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four obstetric hospitals in Vietnam from January to September 2019. A total of 1260 pregnant women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A Tobit regression model was used to determine factors associated with antenatal depression. Results showed that pregnant women were at high risk of antenatal depression (24.5%). Women with fetus abnormalities and higher education were at higher risk of antenatal depression. We highlighted the need for implementing formal screening programs to early detect antenatal depression.

scholarly journals Anxiety Status and Influencing Factors of Rural Residents in Hunan During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yi-ping Chen ◽  
Jianjian Wang ◽  
Yanhong Deng ◽  
Dezhen Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
The Status

Objective: To explore the status quo of anxiety and its influencing factors among rural residents in Hunan Province during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, and to provide an effective basis for prevention of and intervention for anxiety symptoms among rural residents.Methods: Convenience sampling was used. An online questionnaire was distributed to Hunan rural residents through the questionnaire star platform from February 26–29, 2020. The general data and anxiety of Hunan rural residents were investigated, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.Results: The mean Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score of 179 rural residents in Hunan was 40.93 ± 9.36. Based on the cutoff criteria, 32 residents had anxiety, including 26 with mild anxiety, five with moderate anxiety, and one with severe anxiety. The detection rate of anxiety was 17.88%. Self-rated health status, level of concern about the epidemic, and self-rated impact of the epidemic on one's life were the factors influencing the anxiety score of rural residents in Hunan (P < 0.05).Conclusion: During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the detection rate of anxiety in rural residents in Hunan was higher than that of the general population in China. The relevant departments should pay attention to the mental health of rural residents and implement targeted mental health prevention and intervention measures during the epidemic situation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use and resistance in Escherichia coli from healthy food-producing animals in Guadeloupe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Gruel ◽  
Arantxa Sellin ◽  
Hélène Riveiro ◽  
Matthieu Pot ◽  
Sébastien Breurec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Selection pressure exerted by use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine is responsible for increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objectives of this study were to better understand antimicrobial use in pigs, beef cattle, and poultry on farms on Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and to acquire data on AMR in Escherichia coli in these food-producing animals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 45 farms on Guadeloupe, and practical use of antimicrobials was documented in declarative interviews between March and July 2018. A total of 216 fecal samples were collected between January 2018 and May 2019, comprising 124 from pigs, 75 from beef cattle, and 17 from poultry litter. E. coli isolates were obtained for further testing by isolation and identification from field samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, tetA, and tetB resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction on extracted genomic DNA were performed. Results The study showed rational use of antimicrobials, consisting of occasional use for curative treatment by veterinary prescription. Tetracycline was the most commonly used antimicrobial, but its use was not correlated to E. coli resistance. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli isolates were detected in 7.3% of pigs, 14.7% of beef cattle, and 35.3% of poultry. blaCTX-M-1 was the predominant gene found in ESBL-E. coli isolates (68.8%), followed by blaCTX-M-15 (31.3%). Conclusion Despite rational use of antimicrobials, the rate of ESBL-E. coli in food-producing animals in Guadeloupe, although moderate, is a concern. Further studies are in progress to better define the genetic background of the ESBL-E. coli isolates. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals You can treat my HIV – But can you treat my blood pressure? Availability of integrated HIV and non-communicable disease care in northern Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Pfaff ◽  
Vera Scott ◽  
Risa Hoffman ◽  
Beatrice Mwagomba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
The Status ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Many patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Malawi have or will develop non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The current capacity of ART sites to provide care for NCDs is not known.Aim: This study aimed to assess the capacity of ART sites to provide care for hypertension and diabetes in rural Malawi.Setting: Twenty-five health centres and five hospitals in two rural districts in northern Malawi.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed between March and May 2014 at all facilities. Qualitative interviews were held with three NCD coordinators.Results: Treatment of hypertension and diabetes was predominantly hospital-based. Sixty percent of hospitals had at least one clinician and one nurse trained in NCD care, whereas 5% of health centres had a clinician and 8% had a nurse trained in NCD care. Hundred percent of hospitals and 92% of health centres had uninterrupted supply of hydrochlorothiazide in the previous 6 months, but only 40% of hospitals and no health centres had uninterrupted supply of metformin. Hundred percent of hospitals and 80% of health centres had at least one blood pressure machine, and 80% of hospitals and 32% of health centres had one glucometer. Screening for hypertension amongst ART patients was only conducted at one hospital and no health centres. At health centres, integrated NCD and ART care was more common, with 48% (12/25) providing ART and NCD treatment in the same consultation.Conclusions: The results reflect the status of the initial stages of the Malawi NCD programme at sites currently providing ART care. 

scholarly journals Professional Commitment and Career Maturity of Full-Time Nursing Postgraduates in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
kejimu sunzi ◽  
cheng lei ◽  
jun pan ◽  
mei ju
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Career Maturity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status

Abstract Background: Nursing is becoming ever more demanding, and is regarded as a stressful occupation because of manpower shortages and various other challenges associated with nursing practice.This article describes the students’ professional commitment and career maturity, and students establish their career objectives during the early stages of their graduate study. Methods: A cross sectional，survey design was conducted at universities in China. A sample of 184 students was selected using the professional commitment scale and career maturity scale to investigate the status quo of professional commitment and career maturity of full-time nursing postgraduates. Data was collected using self-designed demographic characteristics of the student, professional commitment scale, career maturity scale in 2019.Data was analyzed using correlation coefficient test(α < 0.05 ).Results: Participants returned 184 surveys (response rate, 100%) . Career maturity (105.12±11.13), Specialty commitment(90.0 ±12.09),Career maturity was positively correlated with Professional Commitment (r=0.20).Conclusions: The career maturity and professional commitments of full-time nursing postgraduates were of an average level. Career planning courses could be useful to strengthen the vocational education of the post-graduate students.

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