The Shape of Money: The Impact of Financial Resources on Product Shape Preference

Subject. The article addresses scientific and technical risk and financial losses of the customer in the process of research and development works on the creation of complex technical systems. Objectives. The study aims at constructing and analyzing the dependence of scientific and technical risk and financial losses of the customer on the planned volume of development works and the financial resources invested in them. Methods. We apply methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, system and regression analysis, risk assessment and management. The paper rests on data on completed development projects for complex technical systems creation. Results. We formulated methodological provisions for assessing scientific and technical risk, arising in the process of development works on complex technical systems. The paper presents an algorithm for calculating the expected financial losses from works implementation. The problem of minimizing financial losses associated with scientific and technical risk is formulated and formalized. The feasibility of proposed provisions and recommendations is confirmed by a practical example. Conclusions. To assess risks, it is important to consider the impact of the degree of difference between the main characteristics of developed product and its prototype on the required amount of works at development stage. This enables to build regression dependencies of the volume of works at the development stage on a specified factor, which are later used to assess the scientific and technical risk and associated financial losses.

Download Full-text

Increasing the Size of the Pie: The Impact of Crowding on Nonprofit Sector Resources

Nonprofit Policy Forum ◽

10.1515/npf-2016-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 211-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erynn Beaton ◽

Hyunseok Hwang

Keyword(s):

Nonprofit Organizations ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Free Market ◽

Nonprofit Sector ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Barriers To Entry ◽

Human Services Organizations ◽

Nonprofit Competition ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe number of nonprofit organizations is rapidly increasing, which has led nonprofit practitioners to complain of funding scarcity, nonprofit scholars to closely study nonprofit competition, and policymakers to consider increasing nonprofit barriers to entry. Underlying each of these perspectives is an assumption of limited financial resources. We empirically examine this assumption using county-level panel data on nonprofit human services organizations from the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Contrary to the limited resources assumption, our fixed-effects models show that increasing nonprofit density, at its current levels, has the effect of increasing sector financial resources in each county. We suggest that these findings prompt a tradeoff for policymakers. A sector with free market entry results in a nonprofit sector with more, smaller nonprofits, but such a sector may have the capacity to serve more people because it has more total sector financial resources. Conversely, a sector with higher barriers to entry would translate to a sector with fewer, larger nonprofits with less overall capacity due to fewer sector financial resources.

Download Full-text

Challenges Facing Financial Inclusion Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

European Journal of Marketing and Economics ◽

10.26417/523jma34n ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Tea Kasradze

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Financial Products ◽

The Poor ◽

Wide Range ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

The Impact ◽

Poor Population

Financial inclusion is often considered as an access to financial resources for the wide public and small and medium-sized businesses, although it is a much broader concept and includes a wide range of access to quality financial products and services, including loans, deposit services, insurance, pensions and payment systems. Mechanisms for protecting the rights of consumers of financial products and services are also considered to be subject to financial inclusion. Financial inclusion acquires great importance during the pandemic and post-pandemic period. The economic crisis caused by the pandemic is particularly painful for low-income vulnerable population. A large part of the poor population who were working informally has lost source of income due to lockdown from the pandemic. Remittances have also been reduced / minimized, as the remitters had also lost jobs and are unable to send money home. Today, when people die from Coronavirus disease, it may be awkward to talk about the financial side of a pandemic, but the financial consequences can be far-reaching if steps are not taken today to ensure access to and inclusion of financial resources. The paper examines the impact of the pandemic on financial inclusion and the responses of the governments and the financial sectors to the challenge of ensuring the financial inclusion of the poor population and small and medium enterprises.

Download Full-text

DOME OF BAYT AL-MAL IN THE ISLAMIC MOSQUES: COMPARATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

Journal of Islamic Architecture ◽

10.18860/jia.v6i1.6735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

Mohammed Enab

Keyword(s):

Analytical Study ◽

The State ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Islamic State ◽

Islamic World ◽

Functional Dimension ◽

East And West ◽

Architectural Development ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

The Impact

Bayt al-mal is one of the important architectural innovations that characterized the Islamic civilization. It represents the treasury of the Islamic State, which preserves the various financial resources of the State. The Bayt al-mal appeared in the era of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), and its layout was simple reflects the simplicity of Islam. Its location was inside the mosque or adjacent to it. Bayt al-mal developed with the expansion of the Islamic State and the Islamic conquests, and it has a special called Diwan Bayt al-mal. Domes were built in mosques as one of the branches and sections of the Bayt al-mal. These domes were dedicated to preserving the different funds of the endowments and places. The location of these domes was in the great mosques' courtyard. They rise from the courtyard's surface and based on eight columns. These domes appeared especially in Umayyad mosques in Syria and Palestine. Then they spread in most countries in the east and west of the Islamic world. This research deals with the concept of the Bayt al-mal; its names, origin, architectural development, and the reasons to build them. This research also studies the dimension of jurisprudence in the building of these domes. It used an analytical study of the architectural shape of these domes and studies the impact of functional dimension on the form and plan of these domes. This study shows the remaining examples of these domes in Islamic mosques and mentions some examples of the extinct ones.

Download Full-text

ASSESSMENT OF THE BUDGETARY POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EQUALIZING BUDGETARY PROVISION IN RUSSIA

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.03.02.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

O. R. TEGETAEVA ◽

◽

L. V. BASIEVA ◽

A. A. BALIKOEVA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Budgetary Policy ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Regional Budgets ◽

The Impact

The article highlights theoretical approaches to defining the concepts of budgetary provision of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In this regard, an analysis of changes in the levels of subsidization of regional budgets is carried out, taking into account changes in the methods of distributing subsidies to regions, an assessment is made of the impact of changes in the management of public financial resources on the economic growth of regions.

Download Full-text

Growth of Capital Market in Nepal: Impact on Capitalization, GDP and NEPSE Index

Saptagandaki Journal ◽

10.3126/sj.v11i0.36898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 66-83

Author(s):

Dhan Raj Chalise

Keyword(s):

Capital Market ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Secondary Market ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

The Impact ◽

The Capital Market

The capital market plays an importance role in an economy and provides the opportunity to the investor for the mobilization and channelization of funds. Nepalese capital market is in growing and improving phase. The objective of this study is to analyze the evaluation of the existing status of the capital market in term of its composition of types of the capital market and to examine the impact of capital mobilization in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and to examine the contribution of capital market in financial resources and GDP. Besides, the study examines the share transaction in Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) and its impact on NEPSE Index. The study period of 2000/01 to 2018/19 has been used for study purposes. Through the use of descriptive research design, the trends of capital market development track after 2000/01 to present status has been presented. Secondary data are analyzed through the use of regression and other descriptive statists to convert the information into data. The result indicates that the ordinary shares in the primary capital market and market capitalization in the secondary market has significant contribution for the capital market in Nepal. Also, the study reveals that there is a significant and positive impact of capital mobilization on GDP and the number of share transactions on the NEPSE Index in the Nepalese capital market. Hence there is a significant contribution of the capital market for financial resources mobilization and GDP of Nepal. The study reports for modernization and systematization of the capital market need more optimal efforts from concerned stakeholders.

Download Full-text

An Investigation of Advertising Agency Creative Managers' Perspectives on the Impact of Digital Threats and Opportunities

Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services - Handbook of Research on IoT, Digital Transformation, and the Future of Global Marketing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7192-7.ch020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 362-379

Author(s):

Antonius Raghubansie ◽

Chandrani A. Samaradivakara

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Test Laboratory ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Advertising Agencies ◽

Advertising Agency ◽

Advertising Industry ◽

Creative Strategy ◽

Customer Information ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

UK advertising agency managers' perspectives on the impact of digital media (threats and opportunities) on their roles and models of managing are explored in this chapter. In the context of digital creative strategy, and the advertising industry specifically, there is far less published work, much of which has been in the context of larger, often global agencies rather than on independent SMEs. This interpretive research reviews the literature then employs semi-structured in-depth interviews with creative managers within a range of UK SME advertising agencies to analyse their views and responses to digital media. The study finds four key themes which illustrate how managers in SME advertising agencies have responded: 1) digital media as a pre-test laboratory, 2) unclear boundaries among the actors within the nodes of the agency social network, 3) fewer financial resources but more dedication to creative concepts, and 4) reduction in customer information processing costs. Relationships with larger agencies are being redeveloped as opportunity, but SMEs also represent a threat to agencies through innovation.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Distal Influences and Proximal Resources on the Mental Health of African American Older Adults: Findings From the Georgia Centenarian Study

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meneka C Johnson Nicholson ◽

Peter Martin ◽

Megan Gilligan ◽

Carolyn E Cutrona ◽

Daniel W Russell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

African American ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Early Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Financial Resources ◽

The Impact ◽

African American Older Adults

Abstract Background and Objectives Over the years, a large amount of research has been devoted to the investigation of factors that led to mental health outcomes in older adults. For African American older adults, their lived experiences place them at high risk for mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of early life influences (i.e., education, childhood life events, and childhood financial well-being) and present psychosocial resources (i.e., individual, financial, and social) on current mental health outcomes in a sample of African American older adults in their 60s, 80s, and 100s. Research Design and Methods Using data from the Georgia Centenarian Study, 125 participants were interviewed about their mental health, resources, and early life influences. Results A structural equation model was tested and resulted in a good fit. Results indicated that the more social resources African American older adults had available, the lower the number of depressive symptoms they reported. African Americans with higher levels of financial well-being during childhood reported higher self-rated mental health. Older adults had higher levels of financial resources. Level of education showed a positive relationship with financial resources. Indirect effects of distal influences on health outcomes via current resources were not found. Discussion and Implications The findings are of direct practical relevance and can be used to more readily identify older African Americans who may be susceptible to poorer mental health outcomes based upon the impact of their unique distal and proximal psychosocial resources.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Female Economic Empowerment Interventions on the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838020976088 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152483802097608

Author(s):

Isabel Eggers del Campo ◽

Janina Isabel Steinert

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Variance Estimation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Total Sample ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Economic Empowerment ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Impact

Women’s economic empowerment is an essential component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Not only is it an end in itself but it has further been promoted for its potential to create positive externalities, including the reduction of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the link between economic empowerment and the risk of IPV remains theoretically ambiguous. Marital dependency theory predicts that women with more financial resources hold higher bargaining power and are in a better position to leave potentially abusive relationships. Conversely, Resource theory posits that an increase in women’s financial resources may clash with traditional gender roles, which may prompt their partner to reassert their status through violent means. In light of this debate, we conducted a meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of economic empowerment interventions on IPV. Based on a total sample size of 44,772 participants and robust variance estimation, our meta-analysis shows that women’s economic empowerment was associated with a significant reduction in the pooled measure of emotional, sexual, and physical IPV. We further documented tentative evidence suggesting that these effects may be amplified when additional gender sensitization training is included in such programs. Despite the overall positive effects, some included studies reported increases in IPV, primarily in the form of partners exerting controlling behavior and dominance over financial resources. Our results therefore emphasize a need to prioritize women’s safety in the process of designing economic empowerment programs and to closely monitor the potential risk of conflict and violence within beneficiaries’ households.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Wars on Roman Legislation Regarding vicesima hereditatis and caducum

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia ◽

10.17951/sil.2019.28.3.101-116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Renata Świrgoń-Skok

Keyword(s):

Public Law ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Private Law ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

Inheritance Law ◽

The Impact

The article refers to matters related to vicesima hereditatis and caducum, by means of which a Roman legislator sought financial resources for waging wars. The territorial expansion of Rome, the wars waged, and, in particular, the need to raise funds for their financing affected not only the norms of public law but also individual regulations of Roman private law, including those considering both tax and inheritance law.

Download Full-text