scholarly journals DOME OF BAYT AL-MAL IN THE ISLAMIC MOSQUES: COMPARATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Mohammed Enab
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Functional Dimension ◽  
East And West ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The Impact

Bayt al-mal is one of the important architectural innovations that characterized the Islamic civilization. It represents the treasury of the Islamic State, which preserves the various financial resources of the State. The Bayt al-mal appeared in the era of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), and its layout was simple reflects the simplicity of Islam. Its location was inside the mosque or adjacent to it. Bayt al-mal developed with the expansion of the Islamic State and the Islamic conquests, and it has a special called Diwan Bayt al-mal. Domes were built in mosques as one of the branches and sections of the Bayt al-mal. These domes were dedicated to preserving the different funds of the endowments and places. The location of these domes was in the great mosques' courtyard. They rise from the courtyard's surface and based on eight columns. These domes appeared especially in Umayyad mosques in Syria and Palestine. Then they spread in most countries in the east and west of the Islamic world. This research deals with the concept of the Bayt al-mal; its names, origin, architectural development, and the reasons to build them. This research also studies the dimension of jurisprudence in the building of these domes. It used an analytical study of the architectural shape of these domes and studies the impact of functional dimension on the form and plan of these domes. This study shows the remaining examples of these domes in Islamic mosques and mentions some examples of the extinct ones.

scholarly journals Identity of an Islamic Ideological State: An Analytical Study

IIUC Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 147-178
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiqul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State

The Islamic system of state established by the Prophet (SM), existed from 623CE in Medina. The state of Medina was neither monarchic nor republican, ruled on the policy of the majority. This state was based neither on tribalism nor on nationalism, rather on humanism and Islamic monotheism. It was really an Ideological state and the ideology was Islam. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to describe the main features of an Islamic Ideological state through its main principles and distinguishing points of three basic organs and to analyse the differences between an Islamic state and secular states. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v7i0.12266 IIUC Studies Vol.7 2011: 147-178

scholarly journals The city of Harran during the Rashidi and Umayyad eras, a study of its religious, economic, social and scientific conditions From (18 AH to 132 AH / 633 AD - 747 AD)

Twejer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1061-1106
Author(s):  
ARARAT AHMED ALI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Umayyad Dynasty ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The City

The city of Harran, one of the ancient and ancient cities in the Euphrates region, is currently located southeast of Turkey at the source of the Balikh River, one of the tributaries of the Euphrates River. / 639 AD, under the leadership of Commander Iyadh bin Ghanem, and he concluded a treaty with them, and the city became affiliated with the Islamic State at the time of the Rashidun Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him. The city of Harran is one of the distinctive cities in the region of the Euphrates and the state of Islam because it is the city of the Sabian religion, with their sanctuaries, temples and sacred monuments to them. The city emerged after it became a center of rule during the Umayyad dynasty, and it became more prominent when the Umayyad Caliph Marwan II made it the capital of the Umayyad state. Thus, the city of Harran was a different city from the rest of the cities of the Euphrates Island, due to its own religion, namely the Sabian religion, and its difference in social terms from the rest of the neighboring cities because it contained different peoples and languages, and which made it distinctive also its impact on the trade route that was passing through the Euphrates Island as well. Contribution to building Islamic civilization through its scholars. Harran, Al-Sabean, Al-Jazeera, Rashdi, Umayyad.

scholarly journals THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF STATE SOCIAL INSURANCE: TWO-FACTORS MODELS OF FORMATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Sydorchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Wage Bill ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to consider the impact of a number of factors (the wage fund in the economy, its share in GDP, and state social insurance fees rates) on the result indicator – the amount of the financial resources of the state social insurance. Two-factor models of the formation of financial resources of the state social insurance in the article have investigated. The largest change in the result indicator has caused by the size of the wage fund in the economy and the size of the insurance fees rate is calculated. The current practice of reducing the number of insurance fees in 2016 negatively affected the number of financial resources of state social insurance have investigated. It is determined that the reserve for increasing the result indicator is an increase in the absolute size of the wage fund in the economy, which taxpayers due to certain circumstances do not seek to declare and tax. To a lesser extent, such a reserve is the share of the wage bill in the country's GDP.

scholarly journals E-4 Political and Diplomatic Strategies of World Leaders and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (An Analytical Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Abdul Razaq
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human History ◽  
Political Tactics ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time

Allah Almighty sent Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as the last Prophet for the guidance of humanity. But sent Him as a model for human being in all discipline of life. The life of the prophet was a real example for the entire mankind in the all discipline of life. Whether he is a teacher or as a commander, as a ruler or as a head of the family, as a preacher or as a judge, no one seems second to you. In the same way, like other matters, he also gave guidance in political matters. For the first time in human history, truth was made a part of politics. The Prophet (peace be upon him) is the only person in history whose every action has been considered as the source of growth and guidance for humanity. Not only is there an example for people in every aspect of the Prophet's life, but the secret of success lies in following him. Like other aspects of life, where the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) has the status of a king and a general and a conqueror, he is the founder of an Islamic state. As the ruler of the state of Madinah, the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) used all the political strategies necessary for the management and administration of the state. This research paper highlights the political tactics and strategy of the Prophet (peace be upon him) as world best politician.

scholarly journals Digitization of conferences between development requirements and the specter of failure (Analytical study in light of the COVID-19 crisis): رقمنة المؤتمرات بين متطلبات الأزمة وشبح الإخفاق (دراسة تحليلية في ظل أزمة كورونا COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 88-70
Author(s):  
Al-Alami Iman Al-Alami Iman
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Great Strength ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

In light of the Covid 19 crisis, the telecommunications sector is no longer limited to traditional communication and searching for information, but rather the trend to communicate via the Internet, and this trend has gained great strength and spread and as a result, we see today digital conferences where individuals participate for predetermined hours, to cover a broad topic, such as blogging or education. Or medicine or technology. The process of digital transformation in conferences is very sensitive in light of the Covid 19 crisis, while most of the economic literature in this field has focused on the success factors of digital conferences as an alternative to direct meetings under conditions of divergence and quarantine, the factors of failure and failure are left aside, This is what prompted us to prepare this paper, through which we aim to shed light on the digital transformation of conferences and the specter of failure threatening them in light of the Covid 19 crisis, referring to the state of conferences for some countries and companies in a study of the impact of this on achieving success for their digital conferences.

scholarly journals Secular Perspective on The Islamic Political Discourses in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Hasbi Aswar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Religion And Nationalism ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to critically analyze the secularization perspective on political Islam, focusing on the Indonesian context. The secular perspective has its fundamental doctrine that democracy, separation of State and Religion, and nationalism should be the only system to manage one State. Many people always use kind of argument, even scholars, including in Indonesia, to reject the concept of the Islamic State. This article used descriptive analysis to elaborate the secularization perspective on political Islam in Indonesia and the critical analysis from the Islamic perspective.  Furthermore, it also explains the impact of using such a perspective in analyzing the discourse of Political Islam. This article found that the responses of the Muslim figures or people on political Islam in Indonesia are influenced by the secularization perspective instead of using the Islamic perspective. Islamic perspective on political Islam is derived from the Islamic methodology that authoritative scholars have formulated in the past. The secular perspective on politics, as a result, contributed to the decline of the Islamic civilization and colonization from the western power.

scholarly journals Development of the institutional accounting for the needs of financial regulation: experience in the agricultural sector of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. s702-s720
Author(s):  
Nataliia Semenyshena ◽  
Oksana Radchenko ◽  
Andrii  Zelenskyi ◽  
Nadiia Khocha ◽  
Ulyana Pelekh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Organizational Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

The study of the accounting environment was conducted and proposals for improving its theory for the needs of the macro-level of management from the standpoint of institutional theories were formed. A working hypothesis is proposed on the dependence of data collection methods for financial regulation, the formation of a development strategy for the industry, the selection of the Structure of programs of state support for goods and services, and it is tested on examples of budgetary financial regulation of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. For this, the existing scientific approach and practice of information support of financial support were analysed using examples of budget programs in the agricultural sector of the economy, determination of the state and ambushes of its further development in relation to the financial condition of agricultural enterprises, the level of their accounting and financial reporting, and, accordingly, the awareness of managers concerning participation in budget programs, submission of applications that takes budget support and its effective use. The analysis of indicators in the effectiveness of budget programs is carried out in order to disclose the relationship between accounting and macroeconomic indicators in the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The methodological approach to determining the effectiveness of budgetary support for the development of the agro-industrial complex is generalized, a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various programs of state financial support for agricultural commodities and production sites is carried out and statistical material on the state of agriculture is processed the Impact of budgetary support on the formation of financial indicators in the agricultural sector was determined. Proposals were provided for the concentration of state financial resources on the Key Program of Budgetary Support for the development of the agricultural sector and improvement of the organizational mechanism functioning of the system of budgetary subsidies for agricultural goods. The main indicators of monitoring the effectiveness of state programs to support the agricultural sector have been outlined and proposals are given for improving the information support of this process, accounting tools, financial and budgetary reporting. Recommendations are given for the concentration of state financial resources on the Key Program of Budgetary Support for the development of the agricultural sector and the improvement of the organizational mechanism of functioning of the system of budget subsidies in connection with the achieved financial indicators of activity of the commodity producers formed in the accounting and information system.

Iraq 2014–2017: Obama and the Banality of Killing

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-180
Author(s):  
Lily Hamourtziadou
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Body Count

The 2014-2017 period is explored through discussions on the nature and role of the Islamic State, notions of war and peace, tyranny and democracy, captivity and liberation, in the context of political and security developments. The chapter raises questions regarding the impact of the Islamic State, as well as the impact of the way the coalition has countered the terror. Precision bombing, the Arab Spring, the Islamic State and the rise in civilian deaths are presented as factors contributing to the state of human security in Iraq. As a generation of Iraqis had, by 2017, grown up in occupation, terrorism, insurgency and western support, as the body count rose and national, regional and global security in this War on Terror once again took top position on our security agenda, how was the human security of Iraqis assured by this support?

The Basic Principles of Islamic Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-286
Author(s):  
Rached Ghannouchi
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Islam And Politics ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Islamic Civilization

This chapter concerns the basic principles of an Islamic political system. Within the context of a growing Western impact on Muslim lands, the chapter offers a blueprint based on the unity of Islam and politics. It shows that the structure of the Islamic state that developed in Medina provided all the elements necessary to any state, like a people (umma), a territory, a political authority, and a legal system. Using precise wording, Medina's constitution or charter (al-sahifa) defined the groups that constituted the state—one by one it listed the Muslims, the Jews, and the pagans—all of them forming together a political umma. The document mentions their rights and duties as citizens of the state. In effect, each person was a member of the Islamic umma in their political dimension. Together they laid the solid foundation of an Islamic civilization in which hundreds of ethnic groups and tribes from different faith traditions gathered in response to a divine call.

scholarly journals El nuevo esquema de financiamiento rural ¿Una oportunidad para las organizaciones sociales?

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Gabriela Guzmán Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
High Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Se presenta la manera en la que dos organizaciones hermanas, pretenden insertarse en el esquema gubernamental de financiamiento rural, destacando los elementos que potencian y/o obstaculizan el que las organizaciones se apropien de esta fase del desarrollo. Se exponen las disyuntivas que enfrentaron ambas organizaciones para definir su posición, haciendo énfasis en los encuentros y desencuentros que les implicó. Se concluye que el esquema oficial de financiamiento confunde la revolvencia de los recursos financieros de altos índices de ganancia con el desarrollo. El Estado emplea su función reguladora para normalizar muy estrictamente la estructura y el funcionamiento financiero sin intervenir en las condiciones que establecen las entidades financieras con sus usuarios ni en el impacto que estas condiciones generan. Las organizaciones sociales tendrán que crear una estrategia propia de desarrollo, asegurando contar con la existencia de mecanismos especiales que les permitirán tener recursos económicos y humanos especializados conectados con el resto de los vínculos de desarrollo. Así podrán ofrecer opciones de desarrollo adaptadas a las necesidades y posibilidades de sus socios y miembros.Abstract: This article explains the manner in which two related organizations try to place themselves in the governmental rural financing scheme. The paper outlines the elements that promote or prevent the organizations’ appropriation of this development phase. It presents the dilemmas both organizations faced, in order to define their position, highlighting the agreements and disagreements due to the different priorities and ways of working. Finally, the article concludes that the official financing scheme confuses the «revolving» financial resources that have high profit indexes, with the development. The State uses its regulatory function to rule in a very strict way the structure and the financial performance but does not intervene in the conditions the financial institutions establish with their customers and the impact these conditions generate. The social organizations must generate their own strategy of development and ensure the existence of special mechanisms, which allow them to have specialized resources, both economic and human, connected with the rest of the development links. This way they will be able to offer suitable development options that meet the needs and possibilities of their associates and members.Résumé : Cet article explique comment deux organisations jumelles essaient de s’insérer à l’intérieur d’un schéma gouvernemental de financement rural. L’accent est mis sur les éléments qui facilitent et/ou empêchent ces organisations de s’approprier cette phase de développement. Y sont exposés les dilemmes auxquels ces deux organisations ont dû faire face pour définir leur position, mettant en lumière les accords et désaccords soulevés par les différentes priorités et manières de travailler. Enfin, l’article conclut que le schéma officiel de financement confond les ressources financières à haut niveau de profit et le développement. L’État emploie sa fonction régulatrice pour définir de manière très stricte la structure et la performance financière mais n’intervient ni dans les conditions que les institutions financières établissent avec leurs clients ni dans leur impact. Les organisations sociales doivent créer leur propre stratégie de développement et assurer l’existence de mécanismes spéciaux qui leur permettent d’avoir des ressources spécialisées, tant économiques qu’humaines, en relation avec le reste des moyens de développement. De cette manière elles pourront offrir à leurs associés et membres différentes options de croissance correspondant à leurs besoins et possibilités.

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