Tolerance Patterns and Transcriptomic Response to Extreme and Fluctuating Salinities across Populations of the Intertidal Copepod Tigriopus californicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Lee ◽  
Marshall C. Phillips ◽  
Monica Lobo ◽  
Christopher S. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus

scholarly journals Charged Residues Flanking the Transmembrane Domain of Two Related Toxin–Antitoxin System Toxins Affect Host Response

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Andrew Holmes ◽  
Jessie Sadlon ◽  
Keith Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Transporter Protein

A majority of toxins produced by type I toxin–antitoxin (TA-1) systems are small membrane-localized proteins that were initially proposed to kill cells by forming non-specific pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. The examination of the effects of numerous TA-1 systems indicates that this is not the mechanism of action of many of these proteins. Enterococcus faecalis produces two toxins of the Fst/Ldr family, one encoded on pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids (FstpAD1) and the other on the chromosome, FstEF0409. Previous results demonstrated that overexpression of the toxins produced a differential transcriptomic response in E. faecalis cells. In this report, we identify the specific amino acid differences between the two toxins responsible for the differential response of a gene highly induced by FstpAD1 but not FstEF0409. In addition, we demonstrate that a transporter protein that is genetically linked to the chromosomal version of the TA-1 system functions to limit the toxicity of the protein.

scholarly journals Environmental Conditions Modulate the Transcriptomic Response of Both Caulobacter crescentus Morphotypes to Cu Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Laurens Maertens ◽  
Pauline Cherry ◽  
Françoise Tilquin ◽  
Rob Van Houdt ◽  
Jean-Yves Matroule
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Swarmer Cell ◽  
Cu Stress ◽  
Cellular Environment

Bacteria encounter elevated copper (Cu) concentrations in multiple environments, varying from mining wastes to antimicrobial applications of copper. As the role of the environment in the bacterial response to Cu ion exposure remains elusive, we used a tagRNA-seq approach to elucidate the disparate responses of two morphotypes of Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 to moderate Cu stress in a complex rich (PYE) medium and a defined poor (M2G) medium. The transcriptome was more responsive in M2G, where we observed an extensive oxidative stress response and reconfiguration of the proteome, as well as the induction of metal resistance clusters. In PYE, little evidence was found for an oxidative stress response, but several transport systems were differentially expressed, and an increased need for histidine was apparent. These results show that the Cu stress response is strongly dependent on the cellular environment. In addition, induction of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor SigF and its regulon was shared by the Cu stress responses in both media, and its central role was confirmed by the phenotypic screening of a sigF::Tn5 mutant. In both media, stalked cells were more responsive to Cu stress than swarmer cells, and a stronger basal expression of several cell protection systems was noted, indicating that the swarmer cell is inherently more Cu resistant. Our approach also allowed for detecting several new transcription start sites, putatively indicating small regulatory RNAs, and additional levels of Cu-responsive regulation.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic response of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquito larvae to Curry tree (Murraya koenigii) phytochemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence M. Mang’era ◽  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Erick O. Awuoche ◽  
Ahmed Hassanali ◽  
Fidelis Levi Odhiambo Ombura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Transcriptomic Response

Abstract Background Insect growth regulators (IGRs) can control insect vector populations by disrupting growth and development in juvenile stages of the vectors. We previously identified and described the curry tree (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng) phytochemical leaf extract composition (neplanocin A, 3-(1-naphthyl)-l-alanine, lumiflavine, terezine C, agelaspongin and murrayazolinol), which disrupted growth and development in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquito larvae by inducing morphogenetic abnormalities, reducing locomotion and delaying pupation in the mosquito. Here, we attempted to establish the transcriptional process in the larvae that underpins these phenotypes in the mosquito. Methods We first exposed third-fourth instar larvae of the mosquito to the leaf extract and consequently the inherent phytochemicals (and corresponding non-exposed controls) in two independent biological replicates. We collected the larvae for our experiments sampled 24 h before peak pupation, which was 7 and 18 days post-exposure for controls and exposed larvae, respectively. The differences in duration to peak pupation were due to extract-induced growth delay in the larvae. The two study groups (exposed vs control) were consequently not age-matched. We then sequentially (i) isolated RNA (whole larvae) from each replicate treatment, (ii) sequenced the RNA on Illumina HiSeq platform, (iii) performed differential bioinformatics analyses between libraries (exposed vs control) and (iv) independently validated the transcriptome expression profiles through RT-qPCR. Results Our analyses revealed significant induction of transcripts predominantly associated with hard cuticular proteins, juvenile hormone esterases, immunity and detoxification in the larvae samples exposed to the extract relative to the non-exposed control samples. Our analysis also revealed alteration of pathways functionally associated with putrescine metabolism and structural constituents of the cuticle in the extract-exposed larvae relative to the non-exposed control, putatively linked to the exoskeleton and immune response in the larvae. The extract-exposed larvae also appeared to have suppressed pathways functionally associated with molting, cell division and growth in the larvae. However, given the age mismatch between the extract-exposed and non-exposed larvae, we can attribute the modulation of innate immune, detoxification, cuticular and associated transcripts and pathways we observed to effects of age differences among the larvae samples (exposed vs control) and to exposures of the larvae to the extract. Conclusions The exposure treatment appears to disrupt cuticular development, immune response and oxidative stress pathways in Anopheles gambiae s.s larvae. These pathways can potentially be targeted in development of more efficacious curry tree phytochemical-based IGRs against An. gambiae s.s mosquito larvae.

scholarly journals Nonlinear transcriptomic response to dietary fat intake in the small intestine of C57BL/6J mice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenzin Nyima ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld ◽  
Melissa J. Morine ◽  
Marco Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake

Survival and Transcriptomic response of Salmonella enterica on fresh-cut fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 109201
Author(s):  
Yingshu He ◽  
Ruixi Chen ◽  
Yan Qi ◽  
Joelle K. Salazar ◽  
Shimei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Fresh Cut

Dissecting the Role of Thyrotropin in the DNA Damage Response in Human Thyrocytes after 131I, γ Radiation and H2O2

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Aglaia Kyrilli ◽  
David Gacquer ◽  
Vincent Detours ◽  
Anne Lefort ◽  
Frédéric Libert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Damage Response

Abstract Background The early molecular events in human thyrocytes after 131I exposure have not yet been unravelled. Therefore, we investigated the role of TSH in the 131I-induced DNA damage response and gene expression in primary cultured human thyrocytes. Methods Following exposure of thyrocytes, in the presence or absence of TSH, to 131I (β radiation), γ radiation (3 Gy), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we assessed DNA damage, proliferation, and cell-cycle status. We conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression after each type of exposure and evaluated the influence of TSH on each transcriptomic response. Results Overall, the thyrocyte responses following exposure to β or γ radiation and to H2O2 were similar. However, TSH increased 131I-induced DNA damage, an effect partially diminished after iodide uptake inhibition. Specifically, TSH increased the number of DNA double-strand breaks in nonexposed thyrocytes and thus predisposed them to greater damage following 131I exposure. This effect most likely occurred via Gα q cascade and a rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. β and γ radiation prolonged thyroid cell-cycle arrest to a similar extent without sign of apoptosis. The gene expression profiles of thyrocytes exposed to β/γ radiation or H2O2 were overlapping. Modulations in genes involved in inflammatory response, apoptosis, and proliferation were observed. TSH increased the number and intensity of modulation of differentially expressed genes after 131I exposure. Conclusions TSH specifically increased 131I-induced DNA damage probably via a rise in ROS levels and produced a more prominent transcriptomic response after exposure to 131I.

scholarly journals Copper Availability Influences the Transcriptomic Response of Candida albicans to Fluconazole Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W Hunsaker ◽  
Chen-Hsin Albert Yu ◽  
Katherine J Franz
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Abstract The ability of pathogens to maintain homeostatic levels of essential biometals is known to be important for survival and virulence in a host, which itself regulates metal availability as part of its response to infection. Given this importance of metal homeostasis, we sought to address how the availability of copper in particular impacts the response of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to treatment with the antifungal drug fluconazole. The present study reports whole transcriptome analysis via time-course RNA-seq of C. albicans cells exposed to fluconazole with and without 10 µM supplemental CuSO4 added to the growth medium. The results show widespread impacts of small changes in Cu availability on the transcriptional response of C. albicans to fluconazole. Of the 2359 genes that were differentially expressed under conditions of cotreatment, 50% were found to be driven uniquely by exposure to both Cu and fluconazole. The breadth of metabolic processes that were affected by cotreatment illuminates a fundamental intersectionality between Cu metabolism and fungal response to drug stress. More generally, these results show that seemingly minor fluctuations in Cu availability are sufficient to shift cells’ transcriptional response to drug stress. Ultimately, the findings may inform the development of new strategies that capitalize on drug-induced vulnerabilities in metal homeostasis pathways.

scholarly journals Acute electronic vapour product whole aerosol exposure of 3D human bronchial tissue results in minimal cellular and transcriptomic responses when compared to cigarette smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098849
Author(s):  
Gary Phillips ◽  
Lukasz Czekala ◽  
Holger P Behrsing ◽  
Khalid Amin ◽  
Jessica Budde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

The use of electronic vapour products (EVPs) continues to increase worldwide and with advances in cell culture systems, molecular biology and the computational sciences there is also accumulating evidence of their potential reduced toxicity and reduced potential harm when compared to cigarette smoke. To further understand the potential risks and health effects associated with exposure to EVP aerosols we have assessed the cellular and transcriptomic response from a commercially available lung tissue culture system (MucilAirTM) following a single sub-cytotoxic exposure to cigarette smoke and the equivalent nicotine delivered dose of EVP aerosol. The transcriptomic, cellular (cilia beat frequency (CBF) and percent active area (%AA), trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), histology) and cytokine release were assessed at 4- and 48- hours following recovery from air, EVP aerosol (8.4% V/V: mybluTM blueberry flavour, 2.4% nicotine) and 3R4F smoke (3.5% V/V: exposure). No pathological changes were observed at either recovery time point from any exposure. Air and EVP aerosol exposure had no effect on CBF, %AA nor TEER at 48 hours. Exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in a decrease in TEER, an increase in CBF and the release of proinflammatory cytokines at both recovery time points. Although the number of significantly expressed genes was minimal following exposure to EVP aerosol, exposure to 3R4F smoke resulted in a significant upregulation of several disease relevant pathways. These data provide evidence that following an acute exposure to EVP aerosol there is significantly less damage to lung cells in culture than the equivalent, nicotine based, dose of cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Transcriptional activity of transposable elements along an elevational gradient in Arabidopsis arenosa

Mobile DNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Wos ◽  
Rimjhim Roy Choudhury ◽  
Filip Kolář ◽  
Christian Parisod
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Arabidopsis Arenosa ◽  
Expression Response

Abstract Background Plant genomes can respond rapidly to environmental changes and transposable elements (TEs) arise as important drivers contributing to genome dynamics. Although some elements were reported to be induced by various abiotic or biotic factors, there is a lack of general understanding on how environment influences the activity and diversity of TEs. Here, we combined common garden experiment with short-read sequencing to investigate genomic abundance and expression of 2245 consensus TE sequences (containing retrotransposons and DNA transposons) in an alpine environment in Arabidopsis arenosa. To disentangle general trends from local differentiation, we leveraged four foothill-alpine population pairs from different mountain regions. Seeds of each of the eight populations were raised under four treatments that differed in temperature and irradiance, two factors varying with elevation. RNA-seq analysis was performed on leaves of young plants to test for the effect of elevation and subsequently of temperature and irradiance on expression of TE sequences. Results Genomic abundance of the 2245 consensus TE sequences varied greatly between the mountain regions in line with neutral divergence among the regions, representing distinct genetic lineages of A. arenosa. Accounting for intraspecific variation in abundance, we found consistent transcriptomic response for some TE sequences across the different pairs of foothill-alpine populations suggesting parallelism in TE expression. In particular expression of retrotransposon LTR Copia (e.g. Ivana and Ale clades) and LTR Gypsy (e.g. Athila and CRM clades) but also non-LTR LINE or DNA transposon TIR MuDR consistently varied with elevation of origin. TE sequences responding specifically to temperature and irradiance belonged to the same classes as well as additional TE clades containing potentially stress-responsive elements (e.g. LTR Copia Sire and Tar, LTR Gypsy Reina). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the A. arenosa genome harbours a considerable diversity of TE sequences whose abundance and expression response varies across its native range. Some TE clades may contain transcriptionally active elements responding to a natural environmental gradient. This may further contribute to genetic variation between populations and may ultimately provide new regulatory mechanisms to face environmental challenges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document