Structural and magnetic variations in Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe9Ce1Al2O19 hexaferrites at different sintering temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Makhdoom ◽  
Qasim Ali Ranjha ◽  
Ubaid-ur-Rehman Ghori ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Raza ◽  
Binish Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract M-type hexaferrites has attracted researchers due to their ordinary magnetic properties and utilization as media for magnetic recording and microwave devices. In this study we have synthesized Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe9Ce1Al2O19 via conventional ceramic route. The synthesized material is treated against different temperatures and investigated structurally and magnetically by using several techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and VSM respectively. Morphology of samples confirms the absence of secondary phases and uniform distribution of particles. X-ray diffraction patterns confirms the formation of pure phase of Hexaferrites. Microstructural analyses show the decrease in porosity and dislocations among sintered samples. Magnetic properties for the samples show a decrease in Ms and Mr with increasing temperature from 1225 °C to 1310 °C, while coercivity shows an increase with increasing temperature and maximum coercivity is observed at 1290 °C. The trends and occurrences can be well-linked to the structural variations and sintering effects. The results suggest that material can be used in various magnetic applications such as Recording media, and memory devices.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered NdFeB

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Toto Sudiro ◽  
Didik Aryanto ◽  
Nenen Rusnaeni Djauhari ◽  
Citra Wara Br Sinuraya ◽  
Syahrul Humaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A spark plasma sintering technique was used to consolidate NdFeB compacts at four different temperatures as 750°C, 850°C, 950°C and 1030°C. The surface of specimens was polished to remove the carbon paper on the surface of NdFeB compacts by using SiC paper for up to #1500 in grit. The polished NdFeB compacts were then magnetized by using impulse magnetizer K-series. In this study, the effects of temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of NdFeB magnet were studied. The results show that depending on the fabrication temperature, the X-ray diffraction patterns of NdFeB compacts are distinct. This suggests that the structure of NdFeB compacts is changed with increase in fabrication temperature. Meanwhile, the remanance Br and energy product BH(max) of NdFeB magnets tend to decrease as fabrication temperature increase.

Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Properties of Zn-Sb Composite Thin Films by Magnetron Sputtering

2015 ◽  
Vol 1096 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Yu Huan Sun ◽  
Juan Qin ◽  
Guo Hua Wang ◽  
Wei Min Shi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hall Measurements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
P Type

Zn-Sb based composite thin films have been prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a Zn4Sb3 compound target followed by thermal annealing. Sample structure and surface morphology were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of the films were studied by Hall measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the intensity of diffraction peak of ZnSb phase is enhanced as temperature increasing. Results of AFM shows the rms roughness is getting big with increasing temperature due to the growing crystal grains. Hall measurements indicate that the Zn-Sb composite thin films annealed at different temperatures are p-type conducting with carrier concentrations being on the order of 1019 cm-3.

scholarly journals Ferromagnetic Order in the Intermetallic Alloys laNi5-xMgx

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
D.N Ba ◽  
L.T Tai ◽  
N.T Trung ◽  
N.T Huy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferromagnetic Order ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The influences of the substitution of Ni with Mg on crystallographic and magnetic properties of the intermetallic alloys LaNi5-xMgx (x ≤ 0.4) were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all samples were of single phase, and the lattice parameters, a and c, decreased slightly upon chemical doping. LaNi5 is well known as an exchange-enhanced Pauli paramagnet. Interestingly, in LaNi5-xMgx, the ferromagnetic order existed even with a small amount of dopants; the Curie temperature reached the value of room temperature for x = 0.2, and enhanced with increasing x.

Ferromagnetic properties and Nanocrystallization behavior of Amorphous (Fe0.99Mo0.01)78Si9B13 Ribbons

2001 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Cheng Sun ◽  
J. A. Toledo ◽  
S. Galindo ◽  
W. S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Magnetic Ordering ◽  
Metastable Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferromagnetic Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Optimum Annealing Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimeters

ABSTRACTFerromagnetic properties and nanocrystallization process of soft ferromagnetic (Fe0.99Mo0.01)78Si9B13 ribbons are studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) and magnetization measurements. The Curie and crystallization temperature are determined to be TC=665K and Tx = 750K, respectively. The Tx value is in well agreement with DSC measurement results. X-ray diffraction patterns had shown a good reconfirm of two metastable phases (Fe23B6, Fe3B) were formed under in-situ nanocrystallization process. Of which these metastable phases embedded in the amorphous matrix have a significant effect on magnetic ordering. The ultimate nanocrystalline phases of α-Fe (Mo, Si) and Fe2B at optimum annealing temperature had been observed respectively. It is notable that the magnetization of the amorphous phase decreases more rapidly with increasing temperature than those of nanocrystalline ferromagnetism, suggesting the presence of the distribution of exchange interaction in the amorphous phase or high metalloid contents.

Luminescence Behavior of Tm3+ Activated GdAlO3 Phosphors Synthesized Using Solid-Reaction Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Xiao Dong Li ◽  
Shao Hong Liu ◽  
Yu Dong ◽  
Ji Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decay Curve ◽  
Exchange Interactions ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Color Purity

Trivalent thulium ions (Tm3+) doped GdAlO3 (Gd1-xTmxAlO3) phosphors which show a blue luminescence of high color purity have been synthesized by using solid-state reaction method starting from nanosized powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were used to analyze the phase transformations that take place during the preparation of the phosphors. The morphologies of the powders calcined at different temperatures were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminescence properties of the compounds were investigated. Pure phase of orthorhombic type GdAlO3 (GAP) was yielded by calcining the phosphors at 1200°C for 8 h. The PL spectra showed representative Tm3+ emission. The strong band centered at ~488 nm and the weak one centered at 697 nm were attributed to the 1D2-3F4 and 1G4-3F4 transitions of Tm3+, respectively. The quenching concentration of Tm3+ was estimated to be ~0.75at.% (x=0.0075), for which can be ascribed to the exchange interactions. The decay curve was fitted to be a single exponent and the estimated fluorescent lifetime of the GdAlO3:Tm3+ phosphor was 1.73±0.08 ms.

scholarly journals Chlorapatite Derived from Fish Scales

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Luyara de Almeida Cavalcante ◽  
Laís Sibaldo Ribeiro ◽  
Mitsuo Lopes Takeno ◽  
Pedro Tupa Pandava Aum ◽  
Yanne Katiussy Pereira Gurgel Aum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The present work demonstrates the production of chlorapatite (ClAp) through thermal decomposition of chemically treated fish scales, originating from an Amazon fish species (Arapaima gigas). The scales were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution for deproteinization. Afterwards, the solution was neutralized by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment to obtain an apatite-rich slurry. The heat treatment was carried out at different temperatures including 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. The powders obtained were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis and FTIR spectra confirmed the incorporation of chlorine into the apatite structure. The FTIR results showed absorption bands relative to the OH–, PO43− functional groups which are a characteristic of chlorapatite. Moreover, the intensity of the OH–Cl elongation could be observed. Chlorapatite Ca5(PO4)3Cl, NaCl, and NaCaPO4 phases were identified, achieving up to 87.4 wt% for ClAp. The SEM observations show that with increasing temperature, the ClAp obtained consists of slightly larger, more crystalline grains. Furthermore, the grains ranged in size, between 1-5 μm and ClAp1000 sample recorded crystallinity of 84.27%. ClAp and NaCaPO4 can be used in electronics as phosphor materials due to their luminescence and biomedical applications.

EFFECT OF Ni ON THE ELECTRICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLITES Fe2O3/TiO2 SYSTEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGED S. SOBHY
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Spinel Ferrite ◽  
Average Crystalline Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Semiconductor Behavior ◽  
Ion Substitution ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Nominal compositions of Ni x Ti 1-x Fe 2 O 5-δ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) were prepared by a solid state reaction using stoichiometric amounts of Fe 2 O 3/ TiO 2 system and NiO as a dopant. The effects of small substitution of Ni ions on the electrical and structural properties were studied for the above system. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the ferroelectric phase of iron titanate and the spinel ferrite phase of Ni -ferrite having a single phase at x = 0 and 1, respectively. The substitution of Ni ions increases the average value of lattice constant aav. Solid–solid interaction took place between the ternary oxides at 1200°C for 4 h yielding a new phase of NiTiO 3. The presence of the three phases was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. The resultant compositions have nanocrystallites with average crystalline size "D av " in the range 100–300 nm. The DC electrical resistivity ρ, Curie temperature TC and activation energies for electric conduction around TC region increase as Ni ion substitution increases. The ferrite samples have a semiconductor behavior where electrical resistivity ρ decreases on increasing temperature. The activation energy for electrical conduction was affected by both the ratio "ferroelectric/ferrite" and the position of the Curie temperatures in the compositions depending on the ( Ni , Ti ) to Fe ratio.

EFFECT OF PYRIDINE INTERCALATION ON SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLINE MnPS3 MATERIALS PHASE TRANSFORMATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. EL-MELIGI ◽  
A. M. AL-SAIE ◽  
H. AL-BUFLASA ◽  
M. BOUOUDINA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Semiconductor Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Semiconductor ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Three Phases

The crystalline semiconductor material (MnPS3) has interlayer d-spacing gap of 6.4 Å. The main advantage of this gap is the ability to accommodate organic and inorganic compounds. Pyridine was intercalated in the MnPS3 interlayer gap under specific conditions. Four phases (d-spacing = 12.48 Å, 10.8 Å, 9.7 Å and 7.3 Å) were observed and the corresponding lattice expansions were determined, 5.8 Å, 4.4 Å, 3.3 Å and 1 Å, respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples after the experiment were stopped to reveal the presence of three phases together. The phase transformation occurred for the aforementioned phases. The crystallite size of certain phases is within nanorange. The magnetic properties of the materials are affected by the phase transformation. Complete intercalation was confirmed by the XRD and infrared (IR) measurements.

Powder-Pattern: A System of Programs for Processing and Interpreting Powder Diffraction Data

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos P. Pyrros ◽  
Camden R. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

The production of standard x-ray diffraction patterns at NBS imposes special requirements in the data processing of powder patterns. The patterns should be complete and have an overall accuracy of better than 0.01 degree two theta. To ensure completeness all the observable peaks should be indexed. To make certain that the sample is a pure phase, weak peaks have to be identified as well.The indexing of all the peaks implies that the cell constants must be known and there should be a good agreement between all the calculated and observed peak positions. In practice this is achieved by a least-squares refinement of the unit cell parameters. This serves as a test of the assumed unit cell and also as an interpretation of the observed peaks. Finally, an attempt is made to identify the space group. This step also requires the identification of weak peaks. The agreement of a known space group with the observed reflections further confirms the purity of the sample.

scholarly journals Influence of the Quenching Rate on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nabiałek
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Mössbauer Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Quenching Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mossbauer Spectrometry ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

This paper presents the results of investigations into the structure, microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe61Co10Y8W1B20 amorphous alloy. The alloy samples were in two physical forms: (1) plates of approximate thickness 0.5 mm (so-called bulk amorphous alloys) and (2) a ribbon of approximate thickness 35 μm (so-called classic amorphous alloy). The investigations comprised: X-ray diffractometry, Mössbauer spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and selected magnetic measurements; all of the investigations were carried out on samples in the as-quenched state. Analysis of the obtained SEM and TEM images, X-ray diffraction patterns, Mössbauer spectrometry results and measurements of the magnetisation in a high magnetic field facilitated collectively the detailed description of the structure of the investigated alloy, which was found to depend on the quenching speed.

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