Three-dimensional (3D) scanning using Microsoft® Kinect® Xbox 360® scanner for fabrication of 3D printed radiotherapy head phantom

Abstract. In the field of cultural heritage, replication has been performed for preservation, exhibition, and education purposes. In particular, due to advancement in computer technology, replication which combines the three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing has widely performed. These technologies have been able to ensure morphological similarity as well as to avoid damaging artifacts in a contactless manner. In this study, a design mock-up for producing replacements was made for the purpose of preserving original forms, usability, and mass production for ritual utensils used in ancestral memorial rites annually. 3D precision scanner was used to obtain external information of ritual utensils and shape information of pattern parts. The measurements on height, width, and thickness of the body, and two handles and three feet showed fine shape differences, respectively. Therefore, representative models were selected and reconstructed. In addition, the upper and lower parts of the body, handles, and feet were separately manufactured for mass production by using sand casting. A model manufactured during the reverse design like above was completed by considering average shrinkage (4%) for the casting of copper-tin alloys. A model was completed and 3D-printed with a material extrusion technique, and a design mock-up for replication was created. In this study, a 3D printing technology was applied to ritual utensils and presented a replication methodology applicable to used artifacts. For this purpose, a model suitable for the replication method was produced based on the data obtained by 3D scanning of ritual utensils. A design mock-up, which is 3D-printed with a material extrusion technique, has enhanced design completeness by performing continuous design and dimensional inspection.

Use of Three-dimensional Printing in the Development of Optimal Cardiac CT Scanning Protocols

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405616666200124124140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 967-977

Author(s):

Zhonghua Sun

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Aortic Diseases ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Doctor Patient Communication ◽

Medical Education And Training ◽

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used in medical applications with most of the studies focusing on its applications in medical education and training, pre-surgical planning and simulation, and doctor-patient communication. An emerging area of utilising 3D printed models lies in the development of cardiac computed tomography (CT) protocols for visualisation and detection of cardiovascular disease. Specifically, 3D printed heart and cardiovascular models have shown potential value in the evaluation of coronary plaques and coronary stents, aortic diseases and detection of pulmonary embolism. This review article provides an overview of the clinical value of 3D printed models in these areas with regard to the development of optimal CT scanning protocols for both diagnostic evaluation of cardiovascular disease and reduction of radiation dose. The expected outcomes are to encourage further research towards this direction.

Investigation of the Static Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of a 3D Printed Bio-Based Sandwich with Auxetic Core

International Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1142/s1758825120500519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (05) ◽

pp. 2050051

Author(s):

Khawla Essassi ◽

Jean-Luc Rebiere ◽

Abderrahim El Mahi ◽

Mohamed Amine Ben Souf ◽

Anas Bouguecha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Failure Mechanisms ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Acoustic Emissions ◽

Shear Stiffness ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Sandwich Composite ◽

Static Behavior ◽

Flax Fibers ◽

Data Points ◽

In this research contribution, the static behavior and failure mechanisms are developed for a three-dimensional (3D) printed dogbone, auxetic structure and sandwich composite using acoustic emissions (AEs). The skins, core and whole sandwich are manufactured using the same bio-based material which is polylactic acid reinforced with micro-flax fibers. Tensile tests are conducted on the skins and the core while bending tests are conducted on the sandwich composite. Those tests are carried out on four different auxetic densities in order to investigate their effect on the mechanical and damage properties of the materials. To monitor the invisible damage and damage propagation, a highly sensitive AE testing method is used. It is found that the sandwich with high core density displays advanced mechanical properties in terms of bending stiffness, shear stiffness, facing bending stress and core shear stress. In addition, the AE data points during testing present an amplitude range of 40–85[Formula: see text]dB that characterizes visible and invisible damage up to failure.

Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00544-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽

Marek Miłosz ◽

Jacek Kęsik ◽

Kamil Żyła

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Structured Light ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

3D Scanning ◽

Dimensional Representation ◽

3D Scanner ◽

Three Dimensional Representation ◽

3D Scanners

AbstractHistorical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.

Midface Reconstruction: Planning and Outcome

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (03) ◽

pp. 324-334

Author(s):

Gautam Biswas

Keyword(s):

Digital Imaging ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Past ◽

Complex Anatomy ◽

Osseointegrated Implants ◽

Low Profile ◽

3D Printed ◽

Midface Reconstruction ◽

Reconstruction Planning

Abstract Reconstruction of the complex anatomy and aesthetics of the midface is often a challenge. A careful understanding of this three-dimensional (3D) structure is necessary. Anticipating the extent of excision and its planning following oncological resections is critical.In the past over two decades, with the advances in microsurgical procedures, contributions toward the reconstruction of this area have generated interest. Planning using digital imaging, 3D printed models, osseointegrated implants, and low-profile plates, has favorably impacted the outcome. However, there are still controversies in the management: to use single composite tissues versus multiple tissues; implants versus autografts; vascularized versus nonvascularized bone; prosthesis versus reconstruction.This article explores the present available options in maxillary reconstruction and outlines the approach in the management garnered from past publications and experiences.

Recurrent contracted sockets treated with personalized, three-dimensionally printed conformers and buccal grafts

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211000013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110000

Author(s):

Annabel LW Groot ◽

Jelmer S Remmers ◽

Roel JHM Kloos ◽

Peerooz Saeed ◽

Dyonne T Hartong

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Case Series ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Upper Eyelid ◽

Ocular Prosthesis ◽

Buccal Mucosal Graft ◽

Custom Made ◽

Purpose: Recurrent contracted sockets are complex situations where previous surgeries have failed, disabling the wear of an ocular prosthesis. A combined method of surgery and long-term fixation using custom-made, three-dimensional (3D) printed conformers is evaluated. Methods: Retrospective case series of nine patients with recurrent excessive socket contraction and inability to wear a prosthesis, caused by chemical burns ( n = 3), fireworks ( n = 3), trauma ( n = 2) and enucleation and radiotherapy at childhood due to optic nerve glioma ( n = 1) with three average previous socket surgeries (range 2–6). Treatment consisted of a buccal mucosal graft and personalized 3D-printed conformer designed to be fixated to the periosteum and tarsal plates for minimal 2 months. Primary outcome was the retention of an ocular prosthesis. Secondary outcome was the need for additional surgeries. Results: Outcomes were measured at final follow-up between 7 and 36 months postoperatively (mean 20 months). Eight cases were able to wear an ocular prosthesis after 2 months. Three cases initially treated for only the upper or only the lower fornix needed subsequent surgery for the opposite fornix for functional reasons. Two cases had later surgery for cosmetic improvement of upper eyelid position. Despite pre-existing lid abnormalities (scar, entropion, lash deficiency), cosmetic outcome was judged highly acceptable in six cases because of symmetric contour and volume, and reasonably acceptable in the remaining two. Conclusions: Buccal mucosal transplant fixated with a personalized 3D-designed conformer enables retention of a well-fitted ocular prosthesis in previously failed socket surgeries. Initial treatment of both upper and lower fornices is recommended to avoid subsequent surgeries for functional reasons.

Three-dimensional printing for heart diseases: clinical application review

Bio-Design and Manufacturing ◽

10.1007/s42242-021-00125-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanyan Ma ◽

Peng Ding ◽

Lanlan Li ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Ping Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Complex Anatomy ◽

Precise Understanding ◽

AbstractHeart diseases remain the top threat to human health, and the treatment of heart diseases changes with each passing day. Convincing evidence shows that three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for a more precise understanding of the complex anatomy associated with various heart diseases. In addition, 3D-printed models of cardiac diseases may serve as effective educational tools and for hands-on simulation of surgical interventions. We introduce examples of the clinical applications of different types of 3D printing based on specific cases and clinical application scenarios of 3D printing in treating heart diseases. We also discuss the limitations and clinically unmet needs of 3D printing in this context.

Development of three-dimensional printing filaments based on poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites with potential for tissue engineering

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998320988568 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002199832098856

Author(s):

Marcela Piassi Bernardo ◽

Bruna Cristina Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Injured bone tissues can be healed with scaffolds, which could be manufactured using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) strategy. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most biocompatible polymers suitable for FDM, while hydroxyapatite (HA) could improve the bioactivity of scaffold due to its chemical composition. Therefore, the combination of PLA/HA can create composite filaments adequate for FDM and with high osteoconductive and osteointegration potentials. In this work, we proposed a different approache to improve the potential bioactivity of 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by increasing the HA loading (20-30%) in the PLA composite filaments. Two routes were investigated regarding the use of solvents in the filament production. To assess the suitability of the FDM-3D printing process, and the influence of the HA content on the polymer matrix, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The HA phase content of the composite filaments agreed with the initial composite proportions. The wettability of the 3D printed scaffolds was also increased. It was shown a greener route for obtaining composite filaments that generate scaffolds with properties similar to those obtained by the solvent casting, with high HA content and great potential to be used as a bone graft.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Hydroxyapatite Composites for Biomedical Application

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 353

Author(s):

Yanting Han ◽

Qianqian Wei ◽

Pengbo Chang ◽

Kehui Hu ◽

Oseweuba Valentine Okoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

3D Printing ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Dental Applications ◽

Hard Tissue Engineering

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-based nanocomposites have been recognized as ideal biomaterials in hard tissue engineering because of their compositional similarity to bioapatite. However, the traditional HA-based nanocomposites fabrication techniques still limit the utilization of HA in bone, cartilage, dental, applications, and other fields. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been shown to provide a fast, precise, controllable, and scalable fabrication approach for the synthesis of HA-based scaffolds. This review therefore explores available 3D printing technologies for the preparation of porous HA-based nanocomposites. In the present review, different 3D printed HA-based scaffolds composited with natural polymers and/or synthetic polymers are discussed. Furthermore, the desired properties of HA-based composites via 3D printing such as porosity, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties are extensively explored. Lastly, the applications and the next generation of HA-based nanocomposites for tissue engineering are discussed.

Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69

Author(s):

Amirhosein Fathi ◽

Farzad Kermani ◽

Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽

Sara Banijamali ◽

Masoud Mozafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

3D Printing ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

3D Printed ◽

Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.