scholarly journals Literature review of fungi in buildings and their ability to methylate chlorophenols into malodorous chloroanisoles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012207
Author(s):  
O Ekberg
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Abstract A source of indoor malodor in older buildings are chloroanisoles, a methylation from chlorophenols. Chlorophenols were commonly used in wood preservatives 50 years ago which were used to treat construction details exposed to high moisture loads. The methylation process requires a methylator in the form of fungi or bacteria in conjunction with adequate growth conditions for said fungi. The food industry has a history of issues with chloroanisoles contaminating different food items. There have been studies made on fungi species found in the packaging materials or surfaces in proximity and their ability to methylate various chlorophenols. Different species of fungi are present in many places, not only packaging materials but also various building materials. A literature review has been made in this study to compare fungi species able to methylate chlorophenols and their potential occurrence in wooden construction details in buildings. Two species were found to be considered strong methylators and also commonly found in wooden constructions, Aspergillus versicolor and Paecilomyces variotii. The properties of these fungi will be used for future studies of the conditions achievable in wooden constructions where the historic wood preservatives were likely used.

RISHTAN SCHOOL OF CERAMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Akmal Marozikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
National Style

Ceramics is an area that has a long history of making clay bowls, bowls, plates,pitchers, bowls, bowls, bowls, pots, pans, toys, building materials and much more.Pottery developed in Central Asia in the XII-XIII centuries. Rishtan school, one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley, is one of the largest centers of glazed ceramics inCentral Asia. Rishtan ceramics and miniatures are widely recognized among the peoples of the world and are considered one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley. The article discusses the popularity of Rishtan masters, their products made in the national style,and works of art unique to any region

scholarly journals Mycotoxins in Crude Building Materials from Water-Damaged Buildings

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1899-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Tuomi ◽  
Kari Reijula ◽  
Tom Johnsson ◽  
Kaisa Hemminki ◽  
Eeva-Liisa Hintikka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Three Samples

ABSTRACT We analyzed 79 bulk samples of moldy interior finishes from Finnish buildings with moisture problems for 17 mycotoxins, as well as for fungi that could be isolated using one medium and one set of growth conditions. We found the aflatoxin precursor, sterigmatocystin, in 24% of the samples and trichothecenes in 19% of the samples. Trichothecenes found included satratoxin G or H in five samples; diacetoxyscirpenol in five samples; and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, verrucarol, or T-2-tetraol in an additional five samples. Citrinine was found in three samples. Aspergillus versicolor was present in most sterigmatocystin-containing samples, and Stachybotrys spp. were present in the samples where satratoxins were found. In many cases, however, the presence of fungi thought to produce the mycotoxins was not correlated with the presence of the expected compounds. However, when mycotoxins were found, some toxigenic fungi usually were present, even if the species originally responsible for producing the mycotoxin was not isolated. We conclude that the identification and enumeration of fungal species present in bulk materials are important to verify the severity of mold damage but that chemical analyses are necessary if the goal is to establish the presence of mycotoxins in moldy materials.

Prevalence and airborne spore levels of Stachybotrys spp. in 200 houses with water incursions in Houston, Texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C Kuhn ◽  
Mingyi W Trimble ◽  
Vasanthi Hofer ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Russell S Nassof
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Living Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Two hundred homes with a history of water incursion were sampled for fungi to determine the prevalence and airborne spore levels of Stachybotrys spp. Sampling methods included room air, surface, and wall cavity air sampling. Stachybotrys spp. were detected with at least one of the methods in 58.5% of the houses tested, but only 9.6% of the room air samples contained Stachybotrys spores. Aerosolization of Stachybotrys spores was correlated with both wall cavity and surface contamination. However, after adjustment for the surface effect, Stachybotrys spores detected in wall cavities were not a significant factor contributing to spores detected in room air samples. We conclude that Stachybotrys spp. are commonly found on water-damaged building materials. In addition, the observations made in this study suggest that the impact on the living space air is low if the fungal spores are contained within a wall cavity.Key words: Stachybotrys, aerosolized, water-incursion.

Portugal's History of Psycho-Oncology

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S498-S498
Author(s):  
A. Fonseca ◽  
A. Batista ◽  
F. Malheiro ◽  
A. Poças ◽  
R. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Made In

The psycho-oncology represents an interface between psychology and oncology. In Portugal, the creation of Psycho-oncology was due to the collaboration between oncologists with psychiatrists and psychologists. This partnership led to the creation of first Portuguese research works in Psycho-oncology, contributing to the enrichment of this discipline.ObjectiveDescribe the history of psycho-oncology in Portugal. Research articles and theses related to Psycho-oncology in Portugal and do his description statistics.Material and methodsLiterature review of articles and theses on Psycho-oncology made in Portugal, using the following search engines: “Pubmed”, “Medline”, “ScieloPortugal” and scientific repositories of Portuguese universities.ResultsUntil 1997, psycho-oncology did not arouse the interest of researchers; however, since then, the Psycho-oncology has grown exponentially, with regard to the investigation. There was a period of increase in publications between 2005 and 2012 as well as, increase in the number of undergraduate theses, master's and doctorate. Disclosure of publications within the Psycho-oncology lies spread by various magazines in different specialties, demonstrating that this area arouses the interest not only of psychiatrists and psychologists, but also of other health professionals.ConclusionDespite growing research in Psycho-oncology and growing interest among clinicians and researchers, there is still some shortcomings, warning that the psychological support is also scarce in some Portuguese institutions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Excavations at Palaikastro, 1994 and 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 221-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. MacGillivray ◽  
L. H. Sackett ◽  
J. M. Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
The South ◽  
Main Street ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Work at Palaikastro in the 1994 and 1996 seasons was concentrated in Building 6 in the southern area adjacent to Main Street, where tests had previously been made in 1990–1. It was confirmed that the architectural history of the area ended before the Santorini eruption. Its later use as a walled open space was marked by the construction in LM IB of two wells. These were fully excavated and were very productive of useful stratified material. The principal building complex lay to the SE and comprised a propylon and a small central court with colonnade and surrounding rooms. The most important of these is a paved hall at the south entered by a pier and door system of Knossian type. All these features, as well as unusual decorative elements, including building materials of varying colour, frescoes and horns of consecration, distinguish this building from others at Palaikastro. The date of first construction seems to be MM IIIA (over an earlier MM II building), but this was followed by a destruction and major rebuild in MM IIIB, the period to which many of these decorative elements should belong. A violent destruction by earthquake later in MM IIIB left substantial pottery deposits in several areas of the building, which seems to have been only partially repaired before a final destruction took place. This was followed by deliberate dismantling (LM IA early?) which was far advanced when the tephra fell on an essentially abandoned plot.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

Not as It Is Written

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-100
Author(s):  
Benjamin Houston
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Made In

This article discusses an international exhibition that detailed the recent history of African Americans in Pittsburgh. Methodologically, the exhibition paired oral history excerpts with selected historic photographs to evoke a sense of Black life during the twentieth century. Thematically, showcasing the Black experience in Pittsburgh provided a chance to provoke among a wider public more nuanced understandings of the civil rights movement, an era particularly prone to problematic and superficial misreadings, but also to interject an African American perspective into the scholarship on deindustrializing cities, a literature which treats racism mostly in white-centric terms. This essay focuses on the choices made in reconciling these thematic and methodological dimensions when designing this exhibition.

Market Survey of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Sunyani Municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
S.D. Akoto
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Communal Lands ◽  
Forest Lands

This study sought to: (1) identify the types and sources of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) traded; (2) find the frequencyof the NTFPs trade and (3) identify the challenges in NTFPs trading in the Sunyani Municipality. The survey was carried outfrom February, 2014 to April, 2014 mainly at the Sunyani Central and Nana Bosoma Markets in the Sunyani Municipality. Thetarget population comprised NTFPs collectors (gatherers), sellers and consumers. Respondents were purposively sampled. Atotal of 100 respondents were engaged in this study. The NTFPs were grouped into six categories namely; food, medicine,building materials, packaging materials, artefacts and domestic utensils. Key informants’ interviews were also conducted atthe Sunyani Forest Services Division to triangulate the data already gathered. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was usedto analyze the data obtained. The study demonstrated that domestic utensils (37%), food (33%), medicinal products (12%),packaging materials (9%), artefacts (6%) and building materials (3%) were the types of NTFPs traded in the two market centers.The results also showed that majority of the respondents (77%) harvest their NTFPs from forest lands as against 23% whoharvest from communal lands. A significant proportion of the respondents (52%) traded in above 40 kg of NTFPs and only 4%were seen trading in 10 kg of NTFPs. The study further highlighted that food (28%) and domestic utensils (26%) were regularlybrought to the market centers on weekly basis whilst significant proportions of medicinal products (9%), building materials(3%) and artefacts (4%) were brought to the market venues on monthly basis. Cumbersome permit procedure (40%), increasedmarket demand (15%) and financial constraints (20%) were identified as some of the challenges encountered in NTFPs tradingin the Sunyani Municipality. To ensure strict monitoring and sustainability of the resource, there is the need for sensitizationprogramme on the importance of NTFPs in rural livelihood and why their conservation is vital in meeting the needs of thepresent generation whilst not undermining their potential in supplying the needs of future generations.

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