scholarly journals Metamaterial Based Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Technology-enabled IoT Devices and its applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012116
Author(s):  
John Colaco ◽  
R.B. Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Radiation Efficiency ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Antenna Radiation ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Iot Devices

Abstract In the present era of the digital world, demand for IoT based smart devices has seen tremendous growth. These devices involve real-time human-to-machine communication and interaction. Communication of uninterrupted quality depends on the high bandwidth and speed of the internet. The development of 5G wireless network technology is the response to the crucial factors that lead to this demand, because of its ability to provide extremely fast internet speed, high bandwidth, high performance, reduced latency, and high reliability. In this research work, the authors have developed a metamaterial-based multi-band microstrip rectangular shape patch antenna with a wide high-performance bandwidth because of the demand. The proposed design has a low dielectric constant of 2.2, which is of Rogers RT/Duroid substrate, and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0010. The design has a resonant frequency of 26 GHz. The simulations carried out using FEKO software has been analyzed for performance. The simulation and analysis reveal a good return loss of -34.4 dB at 26 GHz, -13.49 dB at 40 GHz, -13.63 dB at 53.5 GHz, high bandwidth of 5.368 GHz at 26 GHz, 3.76 GHz at 40 GHz, 2.88 GHz at 53.5 GHz, desirable voltage standing wave ratio, 1⩽VSWR⩽ 2, high gain of 10 dBi at 26 GHz, 5 dBi at 40 GHz, and high antenna radiation efficiency of 99.7 % at 26 GHz, and 61% at 40 GHz, 50% at 53.5 GHz. The bandwidth, return loss, antenna radiation efficiency and power density indicate an improvement of 5.368 GHz to 5.630 GHz, -34.82 dB to -57.10 dB, 99.7 % to 99.8 % and 2208 kW/m2 to 2800 kW/m2 respectively after loading and incorporating artificial magnetic split-ring resonator-based metamaterial on the patch. Further improvement is also seen at other frequencies. The proposed design has immense benefits for humanity due to its improved capacity to manage larger connected IoT devices in the fields of Industrial 4.0, Healthcare 4.0, Autonomous Vehicles, Agriculture 4.0, Education, Climate Change, Sustainability, and Oceanography.

scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of a New Machine Learning Framework for IoT and Embedded Devices

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Gianluca Cornetta ◽  
Abdellah Touhafi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Iot Devices

Low-cost, high-performance embedded devices are proliferating and a plethora of new platforms are available on the market. Some of them either have embedded GPUs or the possibility to be connected to external Machine Learning (ML) algorithm hardware accelerators. These enhanced hardware features enable new applications in which AI-powered smart objects can effectively and pervasively run in real-time distributed ML algorithms, shifting part of the raw data analysis and processing from cloud or edge to the device itself. In such context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be considered as the backbone of the next generation of Internet of the Things (IoT) devices, which will no longer merely be data collectors and forwarders, but really “smart” devices with built-in data wrangling and data analysis features that leverage lightweight machine learning algorithms to make autonomous decisions on the field. This work thoroughly reviews and analyses the most popular ML algorithms, with particular emphasis on those that are more suitable to run on resource-constrained embedded devices. In addition, several machine learning algorithms have been built on top of a custom multi-dimensional array library. The designed framework has been evaluated and its performance stressed on Raspberry Pi III- and IV-embedded computers.

scholarly journals Broadband microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2238
Author(s):  
Kinde Anlay Fante ◽  
Mulugeta Tegegn Gemeda
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Radiation Efficiency ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Sidelobe Level ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Improved Performance

In this paper, a 28 GHz broadband microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) for 5G wireless applications is presented. The Rogers RT/Duroid5880 substrate material, with a dielectric constant of 2.2, the thickness of 0.3451 mm, and loss tangent of 0.0009, is used for the studied antenna to operate at 28 GHz center frequency. The proposed design of antenna is simulated by using CST studio suite. The simulation results highlight that the studied antenna has a return loss of -54.49 dB, a bandwidth of 1.062 GHz, a gain of 7.554 dBi. Besides, radiation efficiency and the sidelobe level of the proposed MSPA are 98% and 18.4 dB, respectively. As compared to previous MSPA designs reported in the recent scientific literature, the proposed rectangular MSPA has achieved significantly improved performance in terms of the bandwidth, beam-gain, return loss, sidelobe level, and radiation efficiency. Hence, it is a potential contender antenna type for emerging 5G wireless communication applications.

scholarly journals High-Performance Computational Electromagnetic Methods Applied to the Design of Patch Antenna with EBG Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
R. C. Hadarig ◽  
M. E. de Cos ◽  
F. Las-Heras
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Bandwidth Enhancement ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Performance Computing

In this contribution High-Performance Computing electromagnetic methods are applied to the design of a patch antenna combined with EBG structure in order to obtain bandwidth enhancement. The electrical characteristics of the embedded structure (patch antenna surrounded by EBG unit cells) are evaluated by means of method of moment technique (MoM) whereas for designing the unit cell, the finite element method (FEM) together with the Bloch-Floquet theory is used. The manufactured prototypes are characterized in terms of return loss and radiation pattern in an anechoic chamber.

scholarly journals Concave Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna using SRR for 5G Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 743-746
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Radiation Efficiency ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Concave Shape

A single band microstrip-fed patch antenna is presented which contains the radiating structure having concave shape slots and split ring resonator loaded in the partial ground plane. This partial ground plane has been used to enhance the bandwidth of proposed antenna. Both the partial ground plane and radiating patch are perfect electric conductors. The patch is imprinted on a substrate named as Epoxy Glass FR-4 having thickness 1.6 mm, relative permittivity 4.4, and loss tangent 0.0024. The designed concave shape microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is resonate at single frequency band from 3.4-3.8 GHz with 400 MHz bandwidth and corresponding return loss of -25dB. A parametric study has been performed for the concave shape slots located in the patch. Proposed MPA is simulated using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio Version 14.0 (CST MWS V14.0). Furthermore, the radiation performance of antenna in terms of gain and radiation efficiency has been analyzed . The proposed antenna is having a peak gain of 3.2 dB and radiation efficiency of 94%.

scholarly journals A Review of Fully Integrated and Embedded Power Converters for IoT

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5419
Author(s):  
Anna Richelli ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Luigi Colalongo
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Embedded Power ◽  
Integrated Or

The Internet of Things (IoT) has found application in many components of implantable medical devices, wearable smart devices, monitoring systems, etc. The IoT devices are conventionally battery powered, even though, in several low power applications, they can also be powered using energy harvesting technology. Independently of the power sources (if batteries or environment), efficient and robust power converters must be designed to provide the small and distributed energy required by such IoT devices. This review paper will first provide an overview about the power consumption in IoT devices; second, it will discuss the most recent research and advance in the field of fully-integrated or embedded DC/DC converters, starting from high-performance integrated charge pumps or embedded inductive boost converters for specific harvesting sources (temperature, solar, and so on), to novel DC/DC converters for multiple energy sources.

scholarly journals High-reliability, High-performance 25 Gb/s Directly Modulated Uncooled Lasers for 5G Wireless Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. p56
Author(s):  
Jack Jia-Sheng Huang ◽  
S.C. Huang ◽  
NiYeh Wu ◽  
Deo Yu ◽  
C.K. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Threshold Current ◽  
Component Reliability ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Semiconductor Laser Diodes ◽  
5G Mobile Communications

Semiconductor laser diodes are important components for fifth-generation wireless technologies. To meet 5G wireless specifications, ever increasing performance and reliability requirements of each component become necessary to guarantee uptime air service. In this paper, we present highly reliable 25G DFB uncooled lasers that exhibit low threshold current, high single-mode, high bandwidth, and excellent eye pattern for uncooled operations of -40 to 85°C. Ultra-high component reliability is demonstrated to ensure stable operations for 5G mobile communications.

scholarly journals A Modified Square Patch Antenna with Rhombus slot for High bandwidth

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1580-1583
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Quarter Wavelength ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

In this the proposed patch antenna operates at 32 GHz which is among the projected 5G communication frequencies and has a novel geometry with rhombus-shaped slots. The first design in this work is a inset fed used conventionally in patch antenna. It has a quarter wavelength impedance matching line. The dimensions are determined according to the usual design considerations. Low return loss and high bandwidth requirements motivates us to modify the antenna design. Therefore, we add rhombus – shaped slots on the patch which leads to an additional increase in the system bandwidth as much as 52 MHz and a reduction in the return loss level up to 11.241 dB. The proposed patch antenna design is conjectured to be a suitable candidate to address the requirements of 5G communication systems. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna can be tuned by changing the geometrical dimensions from microwave to the THz region.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of feeding techniques for cylindrical surrounding patch antenna

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 5377
Author(s):  
Erhiega N. Umayah ◽  
Viranjay M. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Antenna Size ◽  
Polyimide Substrate ◽  
S Parameter ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Feeding Techniques

In this research work, a Cylindrical Surrounding Patch Antenna (CSPA) with improved performance parameters based on inset feed method compared to other feed techniques has been proposed for 1.8 GHz applications. The designed and simulated CSPA is a rotary version of an initially designed Rectangular Planar Patch Antenna (RPPA). The RPPA is mounted on a cylindrical surface with radius (r) 10 mm which is an increased curvature for better -10 dB S-parameter (S11), impedance Band Width (BW), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and gain. The copper radiating patch has been conformed on the surface of the grounded flexible polyimide substrate with relative permittivity (εr) 3.5 and thickness (h) 1.6 mm at normalized input impedance of 50 Ω. Results for the RPPA and the proposed CSPA have been compared with existing designs in terms of antenna size, resonant frequency (fr), return loss (S11), and gain while taking cognizance of the feeding techniques. The S11, BW, VSWR, and gain are -12.784 dB, 28 MHz, 1.8, and 4.81 dBi respectively for the rectangular planar patch antenna and -35.571 dB, 66 MHz, 1.5, and 3.74 dBi, respectively for the cylindrical surrounding patch antenna.

scholarly journals 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band Wireless Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Alaa M. Abdulhussein ◽  
Ali H. Khidhir ◽  
Ahmed A. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Antenna Size ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Abstract For any wireless communication, the antenna plays a very important role. The request for this technology is reduced antenna size, weight, and cost with a low profile, high performance, and low return loss (RL). To meet these requirements, the microstrip patch antenna (MPA) can be used. This research represents the design and manufacture of the MPA for the 2.4 GHz applications with very low RL and perfect voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Computer simulation technology (CST) studio is used to design and simulation. The proposed MPA is fabricated on flame retardant (FR-4) material as a substrate. The results show that the MPA is capable to deal with RL of -38.86 dB at the frequency of 2.393 GHz with a bandwidth (BW) of 58 MHz and VSWR of 1.02. The volume of the antenna is 75.85 × 57.23 × 1.6 mm 3.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF IMPROVED PERFORMANCE RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING PEACOCK AND STAR SHAPED DGS

2014 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
PREET KAUR ◽  
RAJIV NEHRA ◽  
MANJEET KADIAN ◽  
DR. ASOK DE ◽  
DR. S.K. AGGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Radiation Efficiency ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Defected Ground Structures

In this paper, two novel defected ground structures (DGS) are proposed to improve the return loss, compactness, gain and radiation efficiency of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The performance of antenna is characterized by the shape, dimension & the location of DGS at specific position on ground plane. By incorporating a peacock shaped slot of optimum geometries at suitable location on the ground plane, return loss is enhanced from -23.89 dB to -43.79 dB, radiation efficiency is improved from 97.66% to 100% and compactness of 9.83% is obtained over the traditional antenna .Simulation results shows that the patch antenna with star shaped DGS can improve the impedance matching with better return loss of -35.053 dB from -23.89 dB and compactness of 9% is achieved. In the end comparison of both DGS shapes is carried out to choose one best optimize one. The proposed antennas are simulated and analyzed using Ansoft HFSS (version 11.1) software.

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