The use of Papuan iron sand and river sand for fine aggregate in mortar for nuclear radiation shield application

Chloride binding capacity and its effect on the microstructure of mortar made with marine sand (MS), washed MS (WMS) and river sand (RS) were investigated in this study. The chloride contents, hydration products, micromorphology and pore structures of mortars were analyzed. The results showed that there was a diffusion trend for chloride ions from the surface of fine aggregate to cement hydrated products. During the whole curing period, the free chloride content in the mortars made by MS and WMS increased firstly, then decreased and stabilized finally with time. However, the total chloride content of three types of mortar hardly changed. The bound chloride content in the mortars made by MS and WMS slightly increased with time, and the bound chloride content included the MS, the WMS and the RS arranged from high to low. C3A·CaCl2·10H2O (Friedel’s salt) was formed at the early age and existed throughout the curing period. Moreover, the volume of fine capillary pore with a size of 10–100 nm increased in the MS and WMS mortar.

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Fracture Behavior of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites at Different Operating Temperatures

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma15020482 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 482

Author(s):

Kinga Korniejenko ◽

Beata Figiela ◽

Celina Ziejewska ◽

Joanna Marczyk ◽

Patrycja Bazan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Behavior ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Aramid Fiber ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

River Sand ◽

Main Research ◽

Glass Carbon ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Almost All ◽

Geopolymer Composites

The aim of this article was to analyze the fracture behavior of geopolymer composites based on fly ash or metakaolin with fine aggregate and river sand, with three types of reinforcement: glass, carbon, and aramid fiber, at three different temperatures, approximately: 3 °C, 20 °C, and 50 °C. The temperatures were selected as a future work temperature for composites designed for additive manufacturing technology. The main research method used was bending strength tests in accordance with European standard EN 12390-5. The results showed that the addition of fibers significantly improved the bending strength of all composites. The best results at room temperature were achieved for the metakaolin-based composites and sand reinforced with 2% wt. aramid fiber—17 MPa. The results at 50 °C showed a significant decrease in the bending strength for almost all compositions, which are unexpected results, taking into account the fact that geopolymers are described as materials dedicated to working at high temperatures. The test at low temperature (ca. 3 °C) showed an increase in the bending strength for almost all compositions. The grounds of this type of behavior have not been clearly stated; however, the likely causes of this are discussed.

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Comparison of Conventional Concrete and Replacement of River Sand by Waste Foundry Sand and Cement by Nano-Silica

International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management ◽

10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0462 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 201-205

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Nano Silica ◽

River Sand ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Foundry Sand ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Waste Foundry Sand

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete in which like cement is partially replacing by used nano silica and is partially replacing by used waste foundry sand. Because now a day the world wide consumption of sand as cement and as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high. Nano silica and waste foundry sand are major by product of casting industry and create land pollution. The cement will be replaced with nano silica and the river sand will be replaced with waste foundry sand (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). This experimental investigation was done and found out that with the increase in the nano silica and waste foundry sand ratio. Compression test has been done to find out the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28. Test result indicates in increasing compressive strength of plain concrete by inclusion of nano silica as a partial replacement of cement and waste foundry sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate.

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COMPARING THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE MADE WITH RIVER SAND WITH THAT MADE WITH QUARRY DUST AS FINE AGGREGATE

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1390 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 453-460

Author(s):

Chijioke C ◽

Nwaiwu ◽

Aginam ◽

Anyadiegwu

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Concrete Beams ◽

Target Strength ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

River Sand ◽

Minimum Value ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Quarry Dust ◽

Good Substitute

This work focuses on the 100% replacement of river sand with quarry dust in the production of concrete. Two types of concrete were produced (concrete made with river sand and that made with quarry dust as fine aggregate), the concretes produces were cast into beams and cured for 28 days. The flexural strengths of the concrete beams cast was determine at 28 day strength. At 28 days target strength the maximum flexural strength of concrete made with river sand as fine aggregate is 5.375111N/mm2 and minimum flexural strength is 2.2155N/mm2, for the concrete made with quarry dust as fine aggregate the maximum flexural strength is 2.567 N/mm2. The maximum value of 2.567 N/mm2 for concrete made with quarry dust as fine aggregate is higher than the minimum value of 2.2155N/mm2 for concrete made with river sand as fine aggregate. With this result it shows that quarry dust is a good substitute to river sand in the production of concrete.

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Research of the Deflections of Beams Reinforced with BFRP Armature and Hybrid Reinforcement Using Metal and BFRP Armature

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.968.301 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 968 ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olexander I. Valovoi ◽

Olexander Yu. Eremenko ◽

Maksym O. Valovoi ◽

Serhii O. Volkov

Keyword(s):

Static Loading ◽

Statistical Error ◽

Load Level ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

River Sand ◽

Metal Armature ◽

The Difference ◽

Hybrid Reinforcement ◽

Free Beam

It is presented the study of the beam samples reinforced with metal armature, BFRP armature and beams with hybrid reinforcement using metal and BFRP armature. Half of the tested samples of beams were manufactured on concrete with river sand, as a fine aggregate. The others were made on concrete with fractionated fine wastes of Mining and Beneficiary complex (MBC) instead of the river sand. The tests were carried out by static loading of the scheme of a single-run free beam loaded in the thirds of gear. It was established that the beams reinforced with BFRP armature and the beams with hybrid reinforcement showed an increase of strength, about 40%, compared with the beams reinforced with metal reinforcement. The deflections of the beams reinforced with BFRP armature were 315% -331% higher than the deflections of the beams reinforced with metal reinforcement and 165% -205% higher than it is allowed by standards. The use of hybrid reinforcement allowed reducing their deflections in two times compared to the beams reinforced with BFRP armature. At a load level of 60% of the destructive, the deflections of beams with hybrid reinforcement BFRP and metal armature did not exceed the maximum permissible norm. When concrete samples manufactured, the substitution of the river sand with fine fractionated wastes from the Mining and Beneficiary complex (MBC) did not affect their durability and deformability (the difference between the values according to these indicators is within the statistical error).

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Strength of concrete produced with different sources of aggregates from selected parts of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria

Journal of Engineering Design and Technology ◽

10.1108/jedt-08-2019-0220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1053-1061

Author(s):

Uchechi G. Eziefula ◽

Hyginus E. Opara ◽

Bennett I. Eziefula

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Target Strength ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

River Sand ◽

Content Type ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Crushed Granite ◽

Stone Concrete ◽

Different Sources ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the 28-day compressive strength of concrete produced with aggregates from different sources. Design/methodology/approach Coarse aggregates were crushed granite and natural local stones mined from Umunneochi, Lokpa and Uturu, Isuakwato, respectively, in Abia State, Nigeria. Fine aggregate (river sand) and another coarse aggregate (river stone) were dredged from Otammiri River in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The nominal mix ratios were 1:1:2, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6, whereas the respective water–cement ratios were 0.45, 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6. Findings The compressive strength of granite concrete, river stone concrete and local stone concrete ranged 17.79-38.13, 15.37-34.57 and 14.17-31.96 N/mm2, respectively. Compressive strength was found to increase with decreasing water–cement ratio and increasing cement content. Practical implications Granite concrete should be used in reinforced-concrete construction, especially when a cube compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 or higher is required. Originality/value Granite concrete exceeded the target compressive strength for all the concrete specimens, whereas river stone concrete and local stone concrete failed to achieve the target strength for some mix proportions and water–cement ratios.

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Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174647 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4647 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Warati ◽

Darwish ◽

Feyessa ◽

Ghebrab

Keyword(s):

Construction Materials ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Test Results ◽

River Sand ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Efficient Energy ◽

Concrete Production

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.

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Research on Influence of Chloride Ion in Sea Sand on the Performance of Concrete

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.444 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 174-177 ◽

pp. 444-447

Author(s):

Guo Liang Zhang ◽

Li Wei Mo ◽

Jian Bin Chen ◽

Jun Zhe Liu ◽

Zhi Min He

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Strength Measurement ◽

River Sand ◽

Mortar Strength ◽

Sea Sand ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ready Mixed Concrete

Sea sand concrete is a kind of concrete in which mixed sea sand as fine aggregate, which is large-scale application in the coastal areas in recent years, especially in Ningbo area. The sea sand solves the problem of river sand shortage, coupled with cheaper price, most of the ready-mixed concrete companies are willing to use desalted sea sand instead of river sand. Many companies even are using sea sand without any treatments.In Ningbo sea sand concrete using wide range of usage is not optimistic. This survey and analysis in Ningbo area physical characteristics of concrete using sea sand and sea-sand. On this basis, chloride simulating sea sand, mixed with desalted sea sand, not desalted sea sand mortar strength measurement, the concrete strength rule were analyzed, and discovered the early strength for the sea sand concrete by the presence of chloride.

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SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF DISCARDED FOUNDRY SAND AND CRUSHED BRICK MASONRY AGGREGATE IN THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

Engineering Structures and Technologies ◽

10.3846/2029882x.2017.1279987 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 52-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gireesh MAILAR ◽

Sujay Raghavendra N. ◽

Parameshwar HIREMATH ◽

Sreedhara B. M. ◽

Manu D. S.

Keyword(s):

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Brick Masonry ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

River Sand ◽

Foundry Sand ◽

Durability Properties ◽

Substitution Level ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Crushed Brick

Nowadays, there is a considerable shortage in the availability of river sand and natural stone aggregate for the construction activities all around the globe and the way out is being worked out by the use of discarded foundry sand and crushed brick masonry aggregate for construction purposes. In the present study, river sand was partly replaced by the discarded foundry sand procured from steel moulding industries and the crushed brick masonry aggregate was used as coarse aggregate for the production of lightweight concrete. The experimental program involved casting of six distinct mixes with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100% replacement of fine aggregate by discarded foundry sand. The mechanical and durability properties of the lightweight concrete were assessed for each of the six diverse blends. Even though the 80% and 100% replacement mixes were found to be less dense than the rest of the mix, the blend of 40% replacement acquired desirable mechanical and durability properties when compared to that of all other mixes. The optimum replacement level of the discarded foundry sand by mass to the river sand was 40%. The lightweight concrete produced by utilizing crushed brick masonry aggregate and discarded foundry sand (40% substitution level) can be employed in all major structural lightweight construction aspects and is ideally suited for sloped roof slabs and making architectural or decorative concrete blocks.

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Utilization of Fine Recycled Aggregate and the Calcareous Fly Ash in CLSM Manufacturing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.199 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1054 ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wojciech Kubissa ◽

Roman Jaskulski ◽

Jacek Szpetulski ◽

Anna Gabrjelska ◽

Ewelina Tomaszewska

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Fine Fraction ◽

Recycled Concrete ◽

Recycled Aggregate ◽

Concrete Aggregate ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽

River Sand ◽

Wide Range ◽

Strength Material

In the article the possibility of utilization of two waste materials: Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) fraction 0-2 mm and Class C fly ash (from lignite burning power plant) in Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) was presented. The research covered twelve different mixtures. The mixtures differed in cement and fly ash content as well as content of the fine aggregate. As a fine aggregate 0-2 mm fraction of RCA or river sand were used. The results showed that use the fine fraction RCA instead of sand does not cause technological problems and allows, depending on the needs, obtaining the material with different properties and a wide range of applications.

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