scholarly journals Poverty and inequality in the light of modern approaches to overcoming Russian poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
S V Belousova
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

Abstract The subject of the article is the phenomenon of poverty in light of the problems of excessive economic inequality, which is the main source of formation of Russian poverty, and indicative of institutional analysis which involves a critical revision of social-economic policy of the state instead of the official way of dealing with this problem without considering the reasons of its formation (targeting of poverty). The aim of the work is to update the cause-and-effect factors of poverty formation in Russia, the main of which is a critically high level of inequality with an assessment of the role, nature and causes of its causes. The hypothesis of the study is the thesis that the fight against poverty is ineffective based only on increasing the number and level of social payments and social programs, without taking into account the causes of poverty, thus not affecting any socio-economic processes for its formation. Meanwhile, both the indicative and institutional approach to the analysis of the main causes of poverty shows the dominant role of excessive inequality in the formation of the problem of Russian poverty. In turn, inequality is caused by the inefficiency of the state’s distributive and redistributive policies, caused by the lack of scientific conditionality and systematic political decisions.

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Nicolay T. Labyntsev ◽  
Lyubov F. SHILOVA ◽  
Ocsana V. Chukhrova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

This article revises the mission and the name of the accounting profession in the context of strengthening the economic security of enterprises under the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The authors note that in the contemporary conditions of economic management, enterprises should form and ensure the functioning of the economic security of the enterprise at the proper level. The necessity of in-depth research of economic security at microlevel was considered, the factors influencing the stability of the enterprise were highlighted. High level of economic security of the subject of management consists in guaranteeing him maximum effective and stable functioning now and in future. Subjects of economic security were individual enterprises, and objects — their economic interests. The main goals of ensuring economic security of the enterprise in the part of accounting were singled out, the tasks of accounting policy, aimed at ensuring economic security, were determined. The prospects of the accounting profession in the process of ensuring economic security and reliable safe presentation of the results of doing business in reporting are substantiated. The study contains proposals on the revision of requirements for the qualifications of accountants in order to emphasize their activities aimed at strengthening the economic security of the enterprise.

The Role of Covert Policing and the Use of Its Results in Criminal Proceedings Involving Unlawful Restraint for Ransom

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-0
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Niemczyk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
High Level

The article is concerned with the subject matter of covert policing involving cases where a hostage is unlawfully taken and detained with the purpose of forcing other persons to act in a specific manner. Such activities, being among the most difficult procedures relevant to the work of law enforcement agencies, are usually conducted in conditions determined by a rapidly changing factual situation, high level of criminal conspiracy and the state of permanent risk to the hostage’s life, the saving of which is the ultimate objective of public officers. Due to these factors, covert policing related to this kind of cases — given its nature and its investigative potential — becomes extremely important. The author’s aim is to determine the essence and functions of covert policing, and in particular to present conditions which must be met to adequately process covertly obtained intelligence for the needs of criminal proceedings.

The ISSMGE Kerry Rowe Lecture: The role of diffusion in environmental geotechnics

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Phase Diffusion ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Diffusion of contaminants can play a significant if not dominant role in many applications encountered within the field of environmental geotechnics. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the important role diffusion plays in such applications. The presentation proceeds from a historical perspective, beginning with the recognition in the late 1970s to early 1980s that diffusion may be an important process in assessing contaminant migration through low-permeability barriers in waste containment applications. Data from the literature and simplified model simulations are used to illustrate under what conditions diffusion is important, and the significance of diffusion is illustrated with respect to different barrier components and types of barriers used in waste containment applications. The barriers considered include natural clays, compacted clay liners, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, composite liners, vertical cutoff walls, subaqueous caps for contaminated sediments, and highly compacted bentonite buffers for high-level radioactive waste containment. The significance of semi-permeable membrane behavior on liquid-phase diffusion through bentonite-based barriers also is highlighted. The potential importance of matrix diffusion as an attenuation mechanism for contaminant transport is illustrated, and the roles of both liquid-phase and gas-phase diffusion under unsaturated conditions are discussed. Finally, the role of diffusion in terms of remediation applications is illustrated via an example analysis illustrating the impact of reverse matrix or back diffusion on the effectiveness of pump-and-treat remediation, as well as via a summary of several diffusion-based models commonly used to describe the leaching of contaminants from a variety of stabilized–solidified waste forms.

The trajectory of geomorphology

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Church
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Organisms

Modern geomorphology was founded in the nineteenth century as an exercise of historical interpretation of landscapes. After the mid-twentieth century it dominantly became a quest to understand the processes by which landscapes are modified. This focused attention on the measurement of sediment fluxes on synoptic timescales and on a reductionist, Newtonian programme of construction of low-order theories about those fluxes, largely imported from engineering science. The period also saw the emergence of an applied geomorphology. Toward the end of the twentieth century the subject was dramatically transformed by improved technologies for remote sensing and surveying of Earth’s surface, the advent of personal computation and of large-scale computation, and important developments of absolute dating techniques. These technical innovations in turn promoted recognition of geomorphology as a ‘system science’ and facilitated the reintegration of tectonics into geomorphology, opening the way for a renewed consideration of the history of the landscape. Finally, increasing recognition of the dominance of human agency in contemporary modification of Earth’s terrestrial surface has become a significant theme. Important influences on the continuing development of the subject will include the search for physically sound laws for material fluxes; reconciling geomorphological information and process representations across spatial and temporal scales, in both observation and theory; comprehending complexity in geomorphological processes and landform histories; incorporating the geomorphological role of living organisms, particularly micro-organisms; understanding the role of climate in geomorphology, both in the contemporary changing climate and in the long term; and fully admitting the now dominant role of humans as geomorphic agents. Geomorphology is simultaneously developing in diverse directions: on one hand, it is becoming a more rigorous geophysical science — a significant part of a larger earth science discipline; on another, it is becoming more concerned with human social and economic values, with environmental change, conservation ethics, with the human impact on environment, and with issues of social justice and equity.

scholarly journals Welfare Mentality as a Challenge to European Sustainable Development. What Role for Youth Inclusion and Institutions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3549
Author(s):  
Andreea-Oana Iacobuță ◽  
Mihaela Ifrim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Redistribution Function ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper takes a free-market approach to the idea of welfare. That is, the analysis does not reject the role of the welfare state to fight against poverty and inequality but underlines the perils of the welfare mentality’s proliferation. Sustainable development requires more individual responsibility and less dependence on the state and its redistribution function. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it aims at showing that welfare mentality imposes challenges on sustainable development. The second aim is to identify the factors associated with welfare mentality. We use data from several international databases and apply correlation, principal components, and multiple regression analyses on a sample of 28 European countries. The results of our study show that welfare mentality negatively influences sustainable development by being positively correlated with the risk of poverty and the percentage of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEET). At the same time, countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and Luxembourg, widely acknowledged as welfare policy heavens, register low values in terms of preference for redistribution. The main determinants of welfare mentality are found to be a high level of NEET and a low level of economic freedom. This result points to the role of youth inclusion and free-market institutions in diminishing people’s welfare expectations and encouraging them to take better control of their own lives to reach prosperity and not depending on state support.

KEY CONCEPTS OF TRAINING COMPETENT TOURISM SPECIALISTS AS A FACTOR OF THE REVIVAL OF THE CULTURAL CODE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
G.A. Rizakhodzhaeva ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Baltabayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
High Level

The article deals with the problem of professional training specialists in tourism. The relevance of the research is that recently the role of knowledge in the process of training future specialists in the sphere of tourism has changed. In the current socio-economic context, in order to fulfill the order of society for high-level future specialists in the sphere of tourism, graduates of higher educational institutions are forced to possess not only an extensive theoretical base in their specific specialty, but also certain meta-subject knowledge. However, mere knowledge ownership is no longer sufficient in the context of the development of the international labor market. The problem of the need for the formation and development of a new quality of education appears, the updated content of which will be based on key competencies. In this case, the key competence is defined as a mandatory competence, because it corresponds to the conditions of implementation, which are not limited, not too specific, but are universal within certain limits. In this regard, a survey of future tourism experts was conducted on the subject of their perception of the importance of forming competencies. The results of the survey are described in this article.

scholarly journals To the theory of collective actions. Part 4. Use of violence potential

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Tsurikov ◽  
Elena Matveevna Skarzhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Use

The subject of this research is opportunities for effective use of human capital members of the collective in the conditions of self-governance and self-organization resources. It is assumed that members of the collective are capable to jointly create an additional cost by making individual efforts. Value of the expected gross income increases with the efforts put by each agent, and subordinated to the law of diminishing returns. The goal of each member of the collective consists in maximization of the own individual profit. Achievement of the socially optimal level of applied efforts requires coordination of actions based on the high level of trust between all members of the collective. Within the framework of mathematical model, it is demonstrated that the lack of trust to some extent can be compensated by the incentives based on the use of violence potential. Most successful implementation of such type of incentives is possible only in the relatively small collectives in the conditions of inevitability of punishment for violation, and cautions use of force. In large collectives, a low probability of punishment for violence turns out either in low significance of the expected punishment, or extremely high meaning of nominal punishment. In first instance, a threat of punishment can play a role of a constraining factor; while on the other instances – lead to a stiff punishment that may reduce the usefulness of a violator to an extremely low level. Therefore, the achieved by the collective result can be incomparable by Pareto even with Nash equilibrium.

scholarly journals Ku pamięci. Kolor w dyskursie akademickim

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Iwona Loewe
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Academic Power ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Power Point ◽  
The University

The article refers to the theory of colour, the theory of perception, contemporary media morphosis and the postulates of multimedia stylistics. The author undertakes the presented deliberations for two reasons. Perception, remembering and learning are important for the teaching process at the university regardless of the passage of time. Both the lecturer and the student are interested in the effective acquisition of content. Multimodality as an attribute of the prevailing products of contemporary culture should be the subject of interest for discourse linguistics. The author’s research goal is to examine the effectiveness of font colours used in academic Power Point slides. In a multimedia presentation as a form of a lecture, a public reception takes place, alongside listening with reading and watching. The synergy of the spoken word and the bit-based text occurs. The author puts forward the claim that colour can be a factor in supporting or losing the listener’s directional attention. The second claim is that a colourful area, or a background for a printed text, is different from the colour of the font used in a text that students are required to read and watch from a distance. When the lecturer stands in front of the audience, they can manage its attention through various means. One of them is visualization in the form of the font colour choice within the slide. The article is a proposal of a certain type of research, but the author also presents the results of an experiment. Its results allow to reject the dominant role of the text placed on the slide. Some students correctly recalled the information conveyed only in the spoken form.

scholarly journals The instrumental function of "augmented reality" in the processes of representation, transmission and construction of knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Tomassoni ◽  
Nicola Santangelo
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the potential offered by augmented reality in the didactic field, with particular reference to the possibility of creating “augmented” experiences, which make it possible to obtain a high level of interaction with the sources and places that have acted and are acting for conservation and activation of historical memory. The subject of analysis is the psycho-pedagogical value of the information enrichment offered by AR, which allows to support the narrative potential of historical sources through the presentation of documents, interactive objects, 360° videos and 2D and 3D reconstructions. Particular attention is paid to: the possibility of using augmented reality to innovate textbooks and teaching methodologies; the possibility of creating “active” study paths with a high level of interaction and personalization; the recent applications of AR in the museum field; the psycho-pedagogical role of AR in the construction of stories and narratives and the impact that this type of technology can have on the methods of transmission and construction of stories.

scholarly journals Double High-Level Ozone and PM2.5 Co-Pollution Episodes in Shanghai, China: Pollution Characteristics and Significant Role of Daytime HONO

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Kejing Yang ◽  
Lingdong Kong ◽  
Songying Tong ◽  
Jiandong Shen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Photochemical Processes ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

In recent years, high fine particulate (PM2.5) pollution episodes with high ozone (O3) levels have been observed in Shanghai from time to time. However, their occurrence and characteristics remain poorly understood. Meanwhile, as a major precursor of tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) that initiates the formation of hydroperoxyl and organic peroxy radicals, HONO would inevitably affect the formation of O3, but its role in the formation of O3 during the double high-level PM2.5 and O3 pollution episodes remains unclear. In this study, the characteristics of the double high pollution episodes and the role of HONO in O3 formation in these episodes were investigated based on field observation in urban Shanghai from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that high PM2.5 pollution and high O3 pollution could occur simultaneously. The cases with data of double high O3 and PM2.5 concentrations accounted for about 1.0% of the whole sampling period. During the double high pollution episodes, there still existed active photochemical processes, while the active photochemical processes at high PM2.5 concentration were conductive to the production and accumulation of O3 under a VOC-limited regime and a calm atmospheric condition including high temperature, moderately high relative humidity, and low wind speed, which in turn enhanced the conversions of SO2 and NO2 and the formation and accumulation of secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosols and further promoted the increase of PM2.5 concentration and the deterioration of air pollution. Further analysis indicated that the daytime HONO concentration could be strongly negatively correlated with O3 concentration in most of the double high pollution episodes, revealing the dominant role of HONO in O3 formation during these pollution episodes. This study provides important field measurement-based evidence for understanding the significant contribution of daytime HONO to O3 formation, and helps to clarify the formation and coexistence mechanisms of the double high-level O3 and PM2.5 pollution episodes.

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