scholarly journals Effect of addition cattle feed supplement on in vitro fermentation, synthesis of microbial biomass, and methane production of rice straw fermentation basal diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
Ramaiyulis ◽  
E Yulia ◽  
D K Sari ◽  
Nilawati
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminant Diets

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of supplementation of cattle feed supplement (CFS) and concentrate in ruminant diets based on rice straw fermented (R) on in vitro rumen fermentation, microbial biomass synthesis, and enteric methane production. Five experimental diets were evaluated, consist of R = rice straw fermented 100%, RS = R + CFS 10%, RSC1, 2 and 3 = RS + Concentrate levels 10, 20 and 30 (%DM). Supplementation of CFS increased the gas production (P < 0.05) and highest in treatments RSC1 and 2 (44.09 and 44.87 ml/g substrate, respectively) and was decreased proportions of methane by inhibition rate until 49.80%. Ruminal protozoa population increased by CFS dan concentrate supplementation (P<0,05) and was dominated (>80%) of Entodinium genus. The treatments RS dan RSC1 promoted greater (P < 0.01) microbial biomass synthesis (386.32 and 312.39 mg/g substrate, respectively). In conclusion, the supplementation of CFS and concentrate in ruminant diets based on rice straw fermented can promote a greater synthesis of microbial biomass and mitigation of methane production.

332 Effect of Chemical and Biological Preservatives on in vitro Fermentation and Methane Production of Ensiled and Aerobically Exposed Wet Brewer’s Grains

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Marjorie A Killerby ◽  
Diego Zamudio ◽  
Kaycee Ames ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Thomas Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
System Data

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of preservatives on the in vitro fermentation measures of wet brewer’s grain (WBG) silage at different stages of storage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 1% (NaL1) and 2% (NaL2; w/w of fresh WBG), propionic acid (PRP; 0.5% w/w of fresh WBG), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). WBG (Fresh) were packed into 8.8 L mini-silos and stored for 60 d at 21°C (Ensiled), then they were opened and aerobically exposed for 10d (AES). Samples from each stage of storage (STG; Fresh, Ensiled and AES) were analyzed for in vitro ruminal digestibility (24 h).Gas kinetics were recorded using the Ankom RF Gas Production System. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (5 blocks) with a 5 (TRT) × 3 (STG) factorial arrangement. Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (DMD) decreased across STG, (51.5, 47.2 and 40.9 for Fresh, Ensiled and AES, respectively) and increased for NaL1, NaL2 and PRP (~47.8) vs. CON (43.0 ± 2.12%). PRP increased apparent in vitro OM digestibility (OMD) when Ensiled (54.5) and NaL2 increased it for AES (47.1) vs CON (46.3 and 39.9 ± 1.73%, respectively). The asymptotic maximal (M) and rate (k) of gas production decreased across STG (214.6, 181.5, 155.1 and 14.6, 12.6, and 9.8, for Fresh, Ensiled and AES, respectively). PRP increased (200.0) and NaL1 decreased (169.3) M vs. CON (183.9± 7.81ml/incubated DM g), while NaL1 and NaL2 (~11.4) decreased k vs. CON (13.4 ± 0.85%/h). Methane concentration and yield were higher in Fresh vs. other STG (0.94 vs. ~0.84 ± 0.07mM and 0.27 vs. ~0.23 ± 0.03mmol/g fermented OM). Spoilage of WBG decreases fermentability and methane production while PRP and NaL improve digestibility with the former also increasing M and k.

scholarly journals Assessment of cutting time on nutrient values, in vitro fermentation and methane production among three ryegrass cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242-1251
Author(s):  
Chunmei Wang ◽  
Fujiang Hou ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Tianhai Yan ◽  
Eun Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Production Response

Objective: The 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to investigate if either high watersoluble carbohydrates (WSC) cultivars or suitable time of day that the grass cut could improve nutrient values and <i>in vitro</i> fermentation characteristics.Methods: The 3 cultivars were mowed at 3 diurnal time points and included a benchmark WSC ryegrass cultivar ‘Premium’, and 2 high WSC cultivars AberAvon and AberMagic, which contained, on average, 157, 173, and 193 g/kg dry matter (DM) of WSC, and 36.0, 36.5, and 34.1 g/kg DM of N during 7th regrowth stage, respectively. The fermentation jars were run at 39°C with gas production recorded and sampled at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 22, 28, 36, and 48 h. The rumen liquid was collected from 3 rumen fistulated cows grazing on ryegrass pasture.Results: High WSC cultivars had significantly greater WSC content, <i>in vitro</i> DM digestibility (IVDMD) and total gas production (TGP), and lower lag time than Premium cultivar. Methane production for AberMagic cultivar containing lower N concentration was marginally lower than that for AberAvon and Premium cultivars. Grass cut at Noon or PM contained greater WSC concentration, IVDMD and TGP, and lower N and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents, but CH<sub>4</sub> production was also increased, compared to grass cut in AM. Meanwhile, the effects of diurnal cutting time were influenced by cultivars, such as <i>in vitro</i> CH<sub>4</sub> production for AberMagic was not affected by cutting time. The IVDMD and gas production per unit of DM incubated were positively related to WSC concentration, WSC/N and WSC/NDF, respectively, and negatively related to N and NDF concentrations.Conclusion: These results imply either grass cut in Noon or PM or high WSC cultivars could improve nutrient values, IVDMD and <i>in vitro</i> TGP, and that AberMagic cultivar has a slightly lower CH<sub>4</sub> production compared to AberAvon and Premium. Further study is necessary to determine whether the increase of CH<sub>4</sub> production response incurred by shifting from AM cutting to Noon and/or PM cutting could be compensated for by high daily gain from increased WSC concentration and DM digestibility.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Mitigation Responded to Flavonoid Extract Levels from Alternanthera sissoo and Dietary Ratios

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukruthai Sommai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted under this study: Experiment 1 was to study production yield, chemical composition, and in vitro degradability of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo; BS) leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk at various maturity ages of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after plantation and regrowth and Experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of flavonoid extract from BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk and dietary ratios on ruminal gas production, fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability. Experiment 1 showed that maturity ages after planting and regrowth increased, the yield significantly increased. Increasing maturity ages significantly (p < 0.05) increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and decreased crude protein content, total flavonoid (TF) content, and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Maturity ages from 15 to 30 days after plantation and regrowth resulted (p < 0.05) the highest TF content and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Thus, BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk samples from 15 to 30 days of age were used for flavonoid extraction and used in the Experiment 2. Experiment 2 was conducted according to a 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Three roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratios at 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were used, and five levels of flavonoid extract (FE) at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of substrate dry matter (DM) were supplemented. Experiment 2 showed that R:C ratio and FE had an interaction effect only on acetate to propionate ratio. Varying R:C ratios significantly increased (p < 0.05) in vitro DM degradability, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate (C3) concentration. FE supplementation linearly (p < 0.05) increased total VFA and C3 concentration and decreased methane production and protozoal population. This study could conclude that FE from BS could effectively modulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane production. However, in vivo study needs to elucidate in order to validate the present results.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterisation and in Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Eight Faba Bean Varieties

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pelagalli ◽  
Nadia Musco ◽  
Nikita Trotta ◽  
Monica I. Cutrignelli ◽  
Antonio Di Francia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Faba bean is an important vegetable protein source for ruminant diets. This research aimed to compare the nutritional characteristics of four commercial and four local cultivars in order to better characterise the local ones and promote their use in animal nutrition. The seeds’ weight and the chemical composition, including starch and the energy, was evaluated. The in vitro fermentation characteristics were studied for 48 h using bull’s rumen fluid as inoculum. All the varieties showed the values’ weight corresponding to the specific botanical typology. The varieties significantly differed for protein, starch and lignin (p < 0.01) and structural carbohydrates (p < 0.05) concentration. No significant differences were observed for energy content. All the in vitro fermentation parameters resulted significantly different among the varieties. Organic matter degradability ranged between 89.9% and 85.1% and the potential gas production from 367 to 325 mL/g. The Pearson’s analysis showed significant correlation between morphological characteristics, chemical data and in vitro fermentation parameters. In conclusion, this investigation confirms the possibility of using local faba bean varieties (i.e., Aquino, Castrocielo, 13#5, 4#4) in ruminant nutrition with the advantage that, being local natural resources, they are better adapted to the climate and agronomic conditions and limit environmental impact.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Produced From Tropical Rice Straw, Corncob and Bamboo Tree at Different Processing Temperatures on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Van Dung ◽  
Le Duc Thao ◽  
Le Duc Ngoan ◽  
Le Dinh Phung ◽  
Hynek Roubík
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Biomass Resources

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from tropical biomass resources (rice straw, corncob and bamboo) at different processing temperatures (300, 500 and 700oC) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production. Treatments were arranged as a 3x3 factorial with three biomass resources and three biochar processing temperatures. Added biochar occupied 3% of the substrate (DM basic). 250 mg of the air-dried substrate was incubated in 120 ml bottles, which contained 25 ml of mixed rumen fluid and buffer mineral solution. Total gas and methane production, in vitro digestibility of DM, OM, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were determined at three-time points: 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation. Results showed that biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation (P < 0.02). Interactions between biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4 hours (P = 0.06) and 24 hours (P = 0.001). Biomass resources and processing temperatures affected methane production at different time points of the incubation, except the effect of biomass resources at 24 hours (P = 0.406). Increased processing temperature from 300 to 700oC reduced gas and methane production (P < 0.05). Biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 4 and 24 hours of incubation. Processing temperatures and their interaction with biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.001). NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48h were highest for corncob, then rice straw, and lowest for bamboo tree derived biochar (P < 0.05). Increased processing temperatures resulted in higher NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). To mitigate methane production, biomass resources and processing temperatures should be considered when utilising biochar as feed additive in ruminant diets.

Glycerol as a feed supplement for ruminants: In vitro fermentation characteristics and methane production

2011 ◽  
Vol 166-167 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Young Lee ◽  
Sang-Moon Lee ◽  
Young-Bae Cho ◽  
Dong-Keun Kam ◽  
Sang-Cheol Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Nutritive value, in vitro fermentation and methane production of perennial pastures as affected by botanical composition over a growing season in the south of Chile

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Keim ◽  
I. F. López ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The South ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Microbial N

Permanent pastures have been shown to produce similar herbage masses and nutrient contents to perennial ryegrass pastures. To the best of our knowledge, little research has been conducted on the ruminal fermentation of permanent pastures. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of botanical composition of four perennial pastures during a growing season in the south of Chile [winter, September 2010 ‘S1’; spring, November 2010 ‘S2’; and summer, January 2011 ‘S3’]: on in vitro fermentation products using a batch culture system. The perennial pastures studied included: permanent (PP), permanent fertilised (PFP) and renovated pastures (Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens pasture ‘RGWC’; Bromus valdivianus, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, L. perenne and T. repens ‘MIXED’). There were strong interactions between pasture type and regrowth period for true organic matter, nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility; total gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production; ammonia and microbial N. In general, all pasture treatments showed a high true organic matter digestibility (>800 g/kg), and tended to decrease in S3. In vitro fermentation of PFP and RGWC produced the highest total VFA concentration during S1 and S2, and no differences among pastures were observed in summer. Propionate proportion of total VFA was affected by pasture type and regrowth period, being higher for RGWC and S1, respectively. In vitro microbial N was higher for MIXED in S1, and PFP in S2 and S3. No pasture and regrowth period effects were observed for methane production and its proportion of total gas production. These results indicate that the in vitro fermentation products of a permanent fertilised pasture reach similar levels to those obtained from a sown pasture, and thus may be considered as a sustainable alternative for grazing livestock systems.

Soybean oil suppresses ruminal methane production and reduces content of coenzyme F420 in vitro fermentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
Yujia Jing ◽  
Shimin Liu ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Liangfeng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coenzyme F420 ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

This experiment examined which type of oils was a superior suppressor to methane mitigation in ruminants. Four oils, peanut, rapeseed, corn and soybean oils, varying in the contents of unsaturated fatty acids as indicated by their iodine values, were used to investigate their effects on methane production and on the content of the F420 enzyme of ruminal methanogens in an in vitro fermentation. The control group was added with calcium palmitate (100% saturated 16C fatty acid). The results showed that the total gas production over a period of 36 h varied from 20.61 mL to 39.67 mL, and were lower in rapeseed, corn and soybean oil treatments than the control (P < 0.05), but not in the peanut oil treatment. The methane concentration in the total gas differed significantly among groups (P < 0.05), and decreased with the increases of unsaturation degree of the oils. The coenzyme F420 content, as indicated by F420 fluorescence intensity in supernatant of the medium, was significantly lower in the oil treatments than in the control (P < 0.05), and the intensity values decreased with the increases of unsaturation degree of the oils, except for the rapeseed oil treatment. Furthermore, there was a close correlation between F420 content and methane production (r = 0.916). By comparison, soybean oil treatment had higher dehydrogenase activity and bacteria density than the other groups (P < 0.05); but was lower in methanogens and genus entodinium (P < 0.05), except for the rapeseed oil treatment. Overall, soybean oil contained a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, and could be used as an ingredient of ruminant diets for methane suppression.

Effect of Alfalfa Hay Substitution by Raw Garlic Leaves on In vitro Gas Methane Production and Ruminal Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Torres-Fraga ◽  
Manuel Murillo-Ortiz ◽  
Esperanza Herrera-Torres ◽  
Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco ◽  
Jesús Páez-Lerma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Background: The aim of present research was to evaluate under in vitro conditions, the effect of alfalfa hay substitution by raw garlic leaves on ruminal fermentation patterns and methane production in diets ruminants. Methods: Four treatments were evaluated: (T1) alfalfa hay (50%); (T2) alfalfa hay (33%) + raw garlic leaves (17%); (T3) alfalfa hay (17%) + raw garlic leaves (33%) and (T4) raw garlic leaves (50%). Result: The highest values of fractional rate of gas production (kd), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), propionate and microbial biomass synthesis (MBS) was recorded in T4 and the lowest in T1 (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the highest methane production was recorded in T1 and the lowest in T4 (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that the substitution of alfalfa hay by raw garlic leaves in diet with 50% roughages and 50% concentrate result in an improvement in vitro rumen fermentation pattern and decreases the methane production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document