scholarly journals Effect on CBR Values with Addition of Coir Geotextile and Marble Dust in Silty Sands

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Sachin Kamboj ◽  
Kunal Jain ◽  
S.K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The subgrade is the foundation of pavement. The conventional method of replacing weak soil with good soil can cause an increase in the cost of a project. Due to this reason ground improvement techniques are much popular nowadays. The major goal of this research work is to compare California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values of the virgin soil and soil reinforced with coir geotextile in one layer and a combination of two layers at different heights from the top surface of the soil. To see the change in CBR values one layer of coir geotextile was reinforced at three different heights (i.e., H/3; H/2 and 2H/3). After that, the effect on CBR values by reinforcement of combination of two layers of coir geotextile at different heights (i.e., H/3 and H/2; H/2 and 2H/3; and H/3 and 2H/3) from the top surface of the soil was studied. Thereafter, the soil is replaced by various percentages of marble dust ranging from 10% to 25% with an increment of 5% and again CBR values of soil samples reinforced with one layer of coir geotextile and a combination of two layers of geotextile at three different heights were compared with virgin soil. The test results reviewed that the maximum dry density (MDD) decreased and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with the replacement of marble dust in the soil. The CBR test results specify an enhancement of the value of CBR with the addition of coir geotextile and marble dust. The maximum value of CBR is obtained when one layer of coir geotextile was introduced at the height of H/3 and in the case of a combination of two layers of coir geotextile maximum CBR values is obtained when the coir geotextile was introduced at a height of H/3 and 2H/3 from the top surface of the soil.

Shear Strength of BC-Soil Admixed with Lime and Bio-Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
C. Jairaj ◽  
M.T. Prathap Kumar ◽  
H. Muralidhara
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content

This BC Soil are expansive in nature and are problematic because of low shear strength and high compressibility. Review of literatures have proven that addition of lime imparts high strength with a corresponding reduction in swell of BC soils. In addition, Bio-enzymes have also been found to play a key role as activators in improving the characteristics of clayey soils such as BC soil. Development and use of non-traditional ground improvement techniques such as bio-enzymes in combination with lime for soil stabilization helps to reduce the cost and the detrimental effects on the soil environment. In the present study lime and bio-enzymes were used as soil stabilizing agents. Compaction test results on BC soil admixed with different percent of lime indicated that 3% addition lime gives higher maximum dry density of 17kN/m3 with OMC of 21% compare to other addition of lime percentages. Keeping 3% of lime as optimum lime content(OLC), BC Soil was admixed with different dosages of Bio-enzymes 25ml/m3, 50ml/m3, 100 ml/m3,150ml/m3, and 200ml/m3 along with OLC was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength(UCC). Further UCC test was carried out for different curing period of 0, 7, 15, 30, and 60 Days to analyse the long term effect of BC soil admixed with bio-enzymes with and without lime content. Morphological and chemical analysis was done by using XRD and SEM analysis, from all the test results it was found that 3%OLC + 75ml/m3 of bio-enzymes for 7 day of curing gives higher UCC of 450 kPa. From the SEM it was found that better bond between particles found to develop in bio-enzyme+ lime admixed BC soil in comparison with lime alone admixed BC soil. XRD studies indicated morphological changes in crystallinity and structure of stabilized BC soil in comparison to BC soil alone.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Soil Stabilization Relevant to Transport Infrastructure using Bagasse Ash and Stone Dust and Cost Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1963
Author(s):  
Sudip Basack ◽  
Ghritartha Goswami ◽  
Hadi Khabbaz ◽  
Moses Karakouzian ◽  
Parinita Baruah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stone Dust

Soft ground improvement to provide stable foundations for infrastructure is national priority for most countries. Weak soil may initiate instability to foundations reducing their lifespan, which necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method. Amongst various soil stabilization techniques, using appropriate admixtures is quite popular. The present study aims to investigate the suitability of bagasse ash and stone dust as the admixtures for stabilizing soft clay, in terms of compaction and penetration characteristics. The studies were conducted by means of a series of laboratory experimentations with standard Proctor compaction and CBR tests. From the test results it was observed that adding bagasse ash and stone dust significantly upgraded the compaction and penetration properties, specifically the values of optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and CBR. Comparison of test results with available data on similar experiments conducted by other researchers were also performed. Lastly, a study on the cost effectiveness for transport embankment construction with the treated soils, based on local site conditions in the study area of Assam, India, was carried out. The results are analyzed and interpreted, and the relevant conclusions are drawn therefrom. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also included. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091771 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Utilization of Saline Water on the Mechanical Properties for Unbounded Granular Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Sherif Adel El Sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
The World

It is well known that three quarters of the world contain saline water. The saline water contains amounts of salt dissolved in water to a concentration of parts in per millions (ppm) includes sodium chloride, Sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. Compaction of Base coarse layer is usually done by water which is considered tap water. Cites near shores often need coastal roads to act as service roads parallel to shore lines. For this matter, the use of saline water in compaction is considered a main objective in this situation due to the decrease in transportation cost of Tap water used in hauling and compaction of base coarse layer. This research studies the effect of saline water on the mechanical properties of the unbounded granular material used in base coarse layer. The study compares the results between the use of saline water and standard tap water by subjecting both samples to different lab tests such as California baring ratio (CBR) and modified proctor. The results showed that saline water could be used successfully in the operation of constructing base coarse layer with good results concerning the amount of absorbed water content and maximum dry density of the base coarse layer which will result in good compaction. In addition, the CBR test results showed high evaluation of strength for samples contained saline water. The study used Dolomite material for base coarse layer from Jabal Ataqa as one of the most used aggregate types in Egypt through construction.

scholarly journals Geotechnical properties of reinforced clayey soil using nylons carry’s bags by products

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Salim ◽  
Kawther Al-Soudany ◽  
Nora Jajjawi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Replacement Technique

All structures built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineer. Soil stabilization is the change of these undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. Traditional methods of stabilizing or through in-situ ground improvement such as compaction or replacement technique is usually costly. Now a safe and economic disposal of industrial wastes and development of economically feasible ground improvement techniques are the important challenges being faced by the engineering community. This work focuses on improving the soft soil brought from Baghdad by utilizing the local waste material for stabilization of soil, such as by using “Nylon carry bag’s by product” with the different percentage and corresponding to 1 %, 3% and 5% (the portion of stabilizer matters to soil net weight) of dried soil. The results indicated that as Nylon’s fiber content increases, the liquid limit decreases while the plastic limit increases, so the plasticity index decreases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while, the optimum moisture content increases as the Nylon’s fiber percentage increases. The compression index (decreases as the Nylon’s fiber increases and provides a maximum of 43% reduction by adding 5% nylon waste material. In addition, the results indicated that, the undrained shear strength increases as the nylon fiber increases.

Analysis for Influence Factors of Cold Recycling Mixture Compaction Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1633-1637
Author(s):  
Yong Bing Wang ◽  
Guo Qiang Ying ◽  
Jian Lin Hu ◽  
Hua Wei Wei ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Recycled Material

In order to study the factors which influence the inorganic binder stabilized material’s compaction test results, different recycled material content therefore different reclaimed gradation mixtures are tested while varying the amount of cement. The experiment results show that contents of the recycled base material and the recycled surface material on the compaction test results are determined by the change of their density and water absorption ratio. Dry density of the recycled mixture increases with the increase of the reclaimed base material density. Low water absorption ratio of the recycled material reduces the reclaimed mixture’s optimum moisture content. Density of the reclaimed wearing surface material reduces the maximum dry density of the reclaimed mixture because the old wearing surface material has lower density. Its low water absorption reduces the optimum moisture content of the recycled mixture. Influence of cement content on compaction test results is the increase of the cement content can enhance the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the recycled material. Through the analysis of the results of the compaction test, the key factors in the recycled material compaction test are unveiled.

scholarly journals Influence of Lime for Enhancing Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Road Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
K.S Chamberlin ◽  
M. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Black Cotton Soils

Abstract Expansive soils are found in black cotton soils, which swell or shrink in volume when presented to changes in moisture content. Lime treatment is exhaustively used to increment the properties of sensitive and fragile soils. One of the hugest clarifications behind using lime is to decline the developing presentation of the earth soil. The arrangement of extra safeguards improves the reaction of quicklime (CaO) with water, structures hydrated (slaked) lime (Ca (OH)2), and thus earth characteristics. The vast inadequacy of employing lime is growing the deficiency of lime offset earth. Following that, the goal of this study is to see how re-establishing time affects the geotechnical qualities of settled Black cotton soils with lime. These discoveries recommend that adding Lime as a stabilizer works on the strength of black cotton soil. Some of the characteristics of the soil likely to be increased by using stabilizer in this work are UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) at different curing periods (7,14,28 and 56 days), CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value at unsoaked and soaked and MDD (Maximum Dry Density) decrease at different lime percentages(%) like 2.4.6.8 and 10. The result showed here untreated soil got stabilized by using the stabilizer in certain extent In this adjustment various rates of cementitious material is added to black cotton soil and directed tests like plasticity, compaction, swell pressure, free swell index(FSI), Coefficient of permeability (k) and CBR(soaked and unsoaked) at various conditions like OMC,OMC+2% water and OMC+5% water, UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) was performed. From the test results, it is identified that the stabilization agent decreases plasticity and improves strength characteristics. Addition of stabilizing agent makes the black cotton soil to non-plastic, non-swelling and attains increase CBR values which are greater than 25% for a dosage of 10% lime at OMC but remaining OMC+2%water & OMC+5%water CBR values are not various much difference as per test results. With the addition of lime, the black cotton soil becomes non-plastic, non-swelling, and has high strengths. Treated soils are used as a development material, for example, a subgrade layer in the development of adaptable asphalt pavements for roads.

scholarly journals Prediction of four-days Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Values from Soil Index Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Pascal Ambrose ◽  
Siya Rimoy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
Cbr Test

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) laboratory testing is the conventional method for determining soaked strengths of pavement subgrades. The test requires careful preparation of soil samples followed by four days of water soaking before penetrating the samples using a standard plunger at prescribed rates to set depths. When the number of samples becomes large the determination of soaked CBR values becomes cumbersome as the test is laborious and time consuming. This study aimed at establishing an alternative way of determining soaked CBR by developing a model that would be used for estimating soaked CBR of fine- and coarse- grained soils without performing the CBR test. This has been achieved by correlating CBR values compacted at 95% Maximum Dry Density (MDD) with the soil index properties. The results show that soaked CBR values of fine-grained soils significantly correlate with specific gravity of soil (GS), Plasticity index (PI) and the grading modulus (GM) of the soil that yields a degree of determination of R2 = 0.91 and for coarse grained (A-2 type) soil, the soaked CBR values significantly correlate with specific gravity of soil and percentage of fines passing 0.075mm sieve size that yields a degree of determination of R2= 0.94.

Operational Modal Response Characterization of a Buried Pipe Structure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobin Chen ◽  
Ron Hugo ◽  
Ron Chik-Kwong Wong ◽  
Simon Park
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Vibration Transmission ◽  
Modal Response

Abstract As a novel non-invasive structural health monitoring (SHM) technique for application to buried pipelines, in-situ vibration-based detection offers an approach to achieve continuous monitoring. Modal characteristics are often quantified using vibration signals, with traditional modal analysis performed using either impact-response testing or mechanical-shaker excitation. Both methods, however, are not suitable for a buried pipeline. In this research work, the operational modal response of a buried-pipe structure is investigated, and the application of transient flow event detection is presented. Experiments are conducted on a buried 160-inch horizontal stainless-steel pipe section with an inner diameter of 2-inch. Soil compaction is performed to 95% of the maximum dry density (proctor compaction). During experiments, water flow rate through the pipe (Reynolds number) is increased and turbulent pressure fluctuations provide the varying structural excitation source. Vibration measurements are made using one tri-axial and four single-axis accelerometers. Accelerometers directly mounted to the pipe are to perform on-pipe measurement to investigate the operational modal response of the buried pipe structure. Accelerometers positioned in soil are to investigate the vibration transmission through the soil in both the horizontal and vertical directions, examining the feasibility of the modal response characterization through non-contact measurement. The operational modal response collected through on-pipe measurement showing that vibration energy is decreased due to the soil and the vibration of the axial direction (along the pipe) has highest sensitivity than the other two directions with increasing Reynolds number. The abnormal signal induced by a transient flow event is visualized using short-time spectral analysis, and its propagation and source are determined using acoustic methods. The vibration transmission of the buried pipe propagating through the soil is heavily attenuated both horizontally and vertically.

Pavement Subgrade Improvement by Lime

2012 ◽  
Vol 587 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Bazid Khan ◽  
Abdus Siraj ◽  
Riaz A. Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Natural Moisture Content ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Pavement Construction

The subgrade soil of western by Pass Road Mardan, Pakistan consists of silty clay belonging to A-6(14) group of the AASHTO soil classification system. The average natural moisture content of the soil is more than 18% which makes it susceptible to water logging and problematic for pavement construction. The aim of this research is to improve the supporting power of the existing subgrade material to carry the proposed traffic safely. For this purpose, lime was incorporated into the soil. Soil samples were prepared containing 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% lime by weight of the soil. Laboratory tests were conducted for determining particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, optimum moisture contents and maximum dry density and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). From this study it was found that the CBR initially increased with increase in lime content, reaching to a maximum value (35.50 %) at 6% lime content and then decreased with further increase in lime content. The optimum lime content for CBR was found as 6.50% (w/w), which enhanced CBR value by 337% compared to control. A consistent decrease from 1.92 at 0 to 1.763 (g/cm3) at 12% lime was observed suggesting compaction in the material. Results suggested that liming subgrade material is a viable option for improving pavement.

Research of the Admixture Influence Cement Stabilized Macadam Vibrating Compaction Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Liu ◽  
Jian Jun Li ◽  
Yan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Vibration Compaction ◽  
Vibratory Compaction ◽  
Vibration Parameters

The cement stabilized macadam mixed with different admixture influence the vibration compaction effect , under certain aggregate gradation and vibration parameters, carry out vibratory compaction and compaction tests on cement stabilized macadam with incorporation of different admixture and cement dose of 4% , test results show that: when single mix water-reducing agent, adding 1.0% , cement stabilized macadam most easily compacted; when single mix fly ash, the mixing 30%, cement stabilized macadam most easily compacted; when compound mixed with fly ash and water-reducing agent, help reduce optimum water content, increasing the maximum dry density compared with single mix water-reducing agent or fly ash , and water-reducing agent dosage is 1.0%, fly ash dosage is 20% are the best.

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