scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Soil Stabilization Relevant to Transport Infrastructure using Bagasse Ash and Stone Dust and Cost Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1963
Author(s):  
Sudip Basack ◽  
Ghritartha Goswami ◽  
Hadi Khabbaz ◽  
Moses Karakouzian ◽  
Parinita Baruah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stone Dust

Soft ground improvement to provide stable foundations for infrastructure is national priority for most countries. Weak soil may initiate instability to foundations reducing their lifespan, which necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method. Amongst various soil stabilization techniques, using appropriate admixtures is quite popular. The present study aims to investigate the suitability of bagasse ash and stone dust as the admixtures for stabilizing soft clay, in terms of compaction and penetration characteristics. The studies were conducted by means of a series of laboratory experimentations with standard Proctor compaction and CBR tests. From the test results it was observed that adding bagasse ash and stone dust significantly upgraded the compaction and penetration properties, specifically the values of optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and CBR. Comparison of test results with available data on similar experiments conducted by other researchers were also performed. Lastly, a study on the cost effectiveness for transport embankment construction with the treated soils, based on local site conditions in the study area of Assam, India, was carried out. The results are analyzed and interpreted, and the relevant conclusions are drawn therefrom. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also included. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091771 Full Text: PDF

Shear Strength of BC-Soil Admixed with Lime and Bio-Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
C. Jairaj ◽  
M.T. Prathap Kumar ◽  
H. Muralidhara
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content

This BC Soil are expansive in nature and are problematic because of low shear strength and high compressibility. Review of literatures have proven that addition of lime imparts high strength with a corresponding reduction in swell of BC soils. In addition, Bio-enzymes have also been found to play a key role as activators in improving the characteristics of clayey soils such as BC soil. Development and use of non-traditional ground improvement techniques such as bio-enzymes in combination with lime for soil stabilization helps to reduce the cost and the detrimental effects on the soil environment. In the present study lime and bio-enzymes were used as soil stabilizing agents. Compaction test results on BC soil admixed with different percent of lime indicated that 3% addition lime gives higher maximum dry density of 17kN/m3 with OMC of 21% compare to other addition of lime percentages. Keeping 3% of lime as optimum lime content(OLC), BC Soil was admixed with different dosages of Bio-enzymes 25ml/m3, 50ml/m3, 100 ml/m3,150ml/m3, and 200ml/m3 along with OLC was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength(UCC). Further UCC test was carried out for different curing period of 0, 7, 15, 30, and 60 Days to analyse the long term effect of BC soil admixed with bio-enzymes with and without lime content. Morphological and chemical analysis was done by using XRD and SEM analysis, from all the test results it was found that 3%OLC + 75ml/m3 of bio-enzymes for 7 day of curing gives higher UCC of 450 kPa. From the SEM it was found that better bond between particles found to develop in bio-enzyme+ lime admixed BC soil in comparison with lime alone admixed BC soil. XRD studies indicated morphological changes in crystallinity and structure of stabilized BC soil in comparison to BC soil alone.

scholarly journals Geotechnical properties of reinforced clayey soil using nylons carry’s bags by products

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Salim ◽  
Kawther Al-Soudany ◽  
Nora Jajjawi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Replacement Technique

All structures built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineer. Soil stabilization is the change of these undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. Traditional methods of stabilizing or through in-situ ground improvement such as compaction or replacement technique is usually costly. Now a safe and economic disposal of industrial wastes and development of economically feasible ground improvement techniques are the important challenges being faced by the engineering community. This work focuses on improving the soft soil brought from Baghdad by utilizing the local waste material for stabilization of soil, such as by using “Nylon carry bag’s by product” with the different percentage and corresponding to 1 %, 3% and 5% (the portion of stabilizer matters to soil net weight) of dried soil. The results indicated that as Nylon’s fiber content increases, the liquid limit decreases while the plastic limit increases, so the plasticity index decreases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while, the optimum moisture content increases as the Nylon’s fiber percentage increases. The compression index (decreases as the Nylon’s fiber increases and provides a maximum of 43% reduction by adding 5% nylon waste material. In addition, the results indicated that, the undrained shear strength increases as the nylon fiber increases.

scholarly journals Compaction and Plasticity Comparative Behaviour of Soft Clay Treated with Coarse and Fine Sizes of Ceramic Tiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al-Bared ◽  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap ◽  
Fauziah Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stiff Soil

Recycled blended ceramic tiles (RBT) is a waste material produced from ceramic tile factories and construction activities. RBT is found to be cost effective, sustainable, environmental-friendly and has the potential to be used as an additive in soft soil stabilization. Recent reports show that massive amounts of RBT are dumped into legal or illegal landfills every year consuming very large spaces and creating major environmental problems. On the other hand, dredged marine clay obtained from Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia has weak physical and engineering characteristics to be considered as unsuitable soft soil that is usually excavated, dumped into landfills and replaced by stiff soil. Hence, this study investigates the suitability of possible uses of RBT to treat marine clay. Laboratory tests included Standard proctor tests and Atterberg limits tests. The plasticity of marine clay was evaluated by adding 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.3 mm RBT. In addition, the compaction behaviour of treated marine clay was compared by adding two different sizes (0.3 mm and 1.18 mm diameter) of RBT. For both coarse and fine sizes of RBT, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the dry weight of the soft clay were added. The mixture of each combination was examined in order to evaluate the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and the optimum moisture content (OMC) for the treated soft clay. MDD and OMC for soft untreated samples were 1.59 Mg/m3 and 22%, respectively. Treated samples with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.30 mm size RBT resulted in a significant reduction of OMC ranged from 19 to 15% while MDD resulted in increment ranged from 1.69 to 1.77 Mg/m3. In addition, samples treated with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 1.18 mm size RBT resulted in major reduction of OMC ranged from 15 to 13.5% while MDD increased effectively from 1.75 to 1.82 Mg/m3. For all mix designs of soft clay-RBT, MDD was gradually increasing and OMC was sharply reducing with further increments of both sizes of RBT.

scholarly journals SOIL STABILIZATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE CLAYS USING CEMENT AND LIME IN A MARSHLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14
Author(s):  
Youdeowei, P.O. ◽  
Nwankwoala, H.O. ◽  
Ayibanimiworio, G.T
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Marine Clays ◽  
By Products

This study assesses the stabilization of marine clay soil using cement and lime to improve on the subgrade material. The tests conducted include: the natural moisture content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg limit, compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The types of stabilization used were mechanical and chemical. The results obtained were classified using AASHTO classification system and based on the results the soil corresponds to group A-6 soils. The highest CBR values of 33.24% and 424.35% were obtained at 20% cement content for unsoaked and soaked and for lime the highest CBR values were 5.07 and 10.46 for 11% lime content for both unsoaked and unsoaked. Based on the results obtained, the addition of cement and lime to clay soil in the presence of water improved the CBR values for soft clay stabilization for highway construction with low traffic volume. It is therefore concluded that the addition of cement and lime to clay soil improved the bearing capacity and the maximum dry density of the clay soil. Further research should be carried out to examine the effects of industrial by-products on effective clay soil stabilization.

scholarly journals Effect on CBR Values with Addition of Coir Geotextile and Marble Dust in Silty Sands

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Sachin Kamboj ◽  
Kunal Jain ◽  
S.K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The subgrade is the foundation of pavement. The conventional method of replacing weak soil with good soil can cause an increase in the cost of a project. Due to this reason ground improvement techniques are much popular nowadays. The major goal of this research work is to compare California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values of the virgin soil and soil reinforced with coir geotextile in one layer and a combination of two layers at different heights from the top surface of the soil. To see the change in CBR values one layer of coir geotextile was reinforced at three different heights (i.e., H/3; H/2 and 2H/3). After that, the effect on CBR values by reinforcement of combination of two layers of coir geotextile at different heights (i.e., H/3 and H/2; H/2 and 2H/3; and H/3 and 2H/3) from the top surface of the soil was studied. Thereafter, the soil is replaced by various percentages of marble dust ranging from 10% to 25% with an increment of 5% and again CBR values of soil samples reinforced with one layer of coir geotextile and a combination of two layers of geotextile at three different heights were compared with virgin soil. The test results reviewed that the maximum dry density (MDD) decreased and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with the replacement of marble dust in the soil. The CBR test results specify an enhancement of the value of CBR with the addition of coir geotextile and marble dust. The maximum value of CBR is obtained when one layer of coir geotextile was introduced at the height of H/3 and in the case of a combination of two layers of coir geotextile maximum CBR values is obtained when the coir geotextile was introduced at a height of H/3 and 2H/3 from the top surface of the soil.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF UTILIZING SILICA FUME AND EGGSHELL ASH ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT KAOLIN CLAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syamsul Imran Zaini ◽  
Muzamir Hasan ◽  
Ling Sin Yie ◽  
Khairil Azman Masri ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

The application of chemical stabilizer in soil stabilization can effectively reduce the negative environmental impact in the construction industry. However, the stabilization of soft clay remains a challenge due to the costly and non-eco-friendly materials such as cement and lime. This research demonstrates the combination of SF and ESA in stabilizing the kaolin soils, based on the basic engineering properties and undrained shear strength (USS). Its effect was studied via the inclusion as cement replacement material in kaolin soil at 2, 4 and 6% (by weight of dry soft kaolin clay soil) of SF and ESA substitutions of 3, 6 and 9% (by weight of dry soft kaolin clay and SF content). The result shows a considerably lower specific gravity (4.9% reduction), reduced plasticity index (PI)(48.4% reduction), decreased maximum dry density (MDD) (5.5% reduction), increased optimum moisture content (OMC)(8.7% increment), and higher USS (68.8%). In conclusion, the combinations of SF and ESA as soil stabilization agents successfully enhance the soil strength of the kaolin opening a route to the low cost and eco-friendly materials in soil stabilization.

Effect of Lime on Compaction, Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Pontian Marine Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siaw Yah Chong ◽  
Khairul Anuar Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stabilization Phase ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Marine clay is a problematic construction material, which is often encountered in Malaysian coastal area. Previous researchers showed that lime stabilization effectively enhanced the engineering properties of clay. For soft clay, both strength and consolidation characteristics are equally important to be fully understood for design purpose. This paper presented the effect of lime on compaction, strength and consolidation characteristics of Pontian marine clay. Compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, Oedometer and falling head permeability tests were conducted on unstabilized and lime stabilized samples at various ages. Specimens were prepared by compaction method based on 95 percent maximum dry density at the wetter side of compaction curve. It was found that lime successfully increased the strength, stiffness and workability of Pontian marine clay; however, the permeability was reduced. Unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil was increased by 49 percent at age of 56 days whereas compressibility and permeability was reduced by 48 and 67 percent, respectively. From laboratory tests, phenomenon of inconsistency in engineering characteristics was observed for lime stabilized samples below age of 28 days. This strongly proved that lime stabilized soil underwent modification phase before stabilization phase which provided the long term improvement.

scholarly journals Methodology for Assessing the Transport Accessibility of Capital Objects in a Megacity Based on Geoinformation Data

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-415
Author(s):  
S. V. Mkhitaryan ◽  
Zh. B. Musatova ◽  
T. V. Murtuzalieva ◽  
G. S. Timokhina ◽  
I. P. Shirochenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Purpose: to present the author's methodology and the test results for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility on the basis of weighted normalized private indicators for three housing estates in Moscow.Methods: the study is based on the application of methods for collecting factual material, its processing, systematic, comparative historical and structural-functional analysis, which were supplemented by multivariate analysis of secondary information using content analysis of existing methods for calculating indicators of transport accessibility of capital objects. The results and conclusions of the research are based on the use of the author's methodology for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility based on weighted normalized private indicators for three housing estates in Moscow. The analysis of a possible set of criteria for assessing transport accessibility of housing estates in Moscow metropolis was carried out on the basis of the use of a geographic information system database GIS NextGIS QGIS.Results: a review of methodological approaches to the calculation of objective quantitative indicators characterizing the transport accessibility of capital objects is carried out; the author's methodology for calculating the integral indicators of the transport accessibility of residential complexes in Moscow is presented and tested on the basis of weighted normalized private criteria / indicators. The use of the authors’ methodology for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility based on weighted normalized private criteria / indicators made it possible to calculate the values of indicators of transport accessibility for three housing estates in Moscow, calculate an integrated score for a set of transport accessibility criteria for each housing estate, to give a comparative quantitative assessment of their transport accessibility, to conduct a rating of housing estates in terms of their transport accessibility.Conclusions and Relevance: the presented results of approbation of the author's methodology for calculating the integral indicators of transport accessibility for housing estates in Moscow allow to conduct a comparative and dynamic analysis of housing estates (or larger units) transport accessibility. The results of such an analysis can be applied in order to develop programs for transport infrastructure development of the megacity as a whole, its certain districts and city parts, as well as to assess such programs efciency. The authors see the directions for future research in the defnition and calculation of indicators based on the city dwellers perception of the transport accessibility

scholarly journals Technical and Environmental Impacts of Coal Waste Used as a Soil Stabilizer in Construction Projects of Forest Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mansouri ◽  
Mehran Nasiri ◽  
Amir Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Soil Stabilizer

Many pozzolans are waste products from industrial processes. Every year a huge amount of coal waste is gathered from the coal washing plant in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. These materials can be used for soil stabilization in construction and maintenance projects of forest roads. This paper aims to (a) investigate the role of coal waste (CW) as a soil stabilizer and (b) determine the changes in soil specification regarding the environmental pollution in different combinations of materials (soil, lime (4 and 6%) and CW (3, 6, 9 and 12%)). For this purpose, different technical and environmental analysis and laboratory tests were performed. Technical tests showed that the soil liquid limit and maximum dry density decreased with an increase in lime and CW contents. Addition of CW could increase the soil CBR, UCS and OMC. According to XRD test, the addition of CW and lime can increase the size of crystals in stabilized soil samples. Environmental analysis showed that the use of stabilizer significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr and Pb. Also, all of the metal concentrations leached from samples satisfied the required criteria, but the addition of lime and CW increased the concentration of N, P, and K. These changes can increase the invasive species consistent with calcareous soil conditions along the roads. According to the results, the combination of coal waste and lime can be one of the best methods for in situ remediation. It would, however, be better to use a minimum amount of stabilizer in pavement layers of access roads due to environmental sensitivity.

Investigation to some Preliminary Geotechnical Properties of Soft Clay Stabilized by Fly Ash Based Geopolymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Jasim M. Abbas ◽  
Amer M Ibrahim ◽  
Abdalla M. Shihab
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

The civil engineering projects that includes soft clay within its activities has a serious concern of hazards, such hazards can be overcame by treating the existing soils by certain materials which are named as "stabilizers". The common materials that are highly used in this field are ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, lime and rice husk ash, etc. Each one of these stabilizers has its known shortcomings. The alkali activation of any alumina silicate source produces some kind of cost effective primary binding gel which is known as "Geopolymers". This study is devoted to investigate the role of liquid over fly ash ratio to some soil – FA based Geopolymers geotechnical properties. Such ratio is taken as 2.71, 3.167, 3.8 and 4.75 respectively within the experimental program and the investigated geotechnical properties are the specific gravity, liquid and plastic limit, compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio. The tests results showed that the maximum dry density decreased about 42 % at 2.71 liq/FA whereas this the specific gravity decreased 27 % at the same this ratio. In addition, the 3.8 and 4.75 of such limits revealed no plastic behavior due to the high presence of liquid.

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