scholarly journals Mini review: Characteristics of upwelling in several coastal areas in the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
H Umasangaji ◽  
Y Ramili
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
South American ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
The World ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Physic Phenomenon

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the upwelling processes and the controlling factors as an effort to reveal the characteristics and the intensities of upwelling events in several parts of the world. This review aimed at identifying the characteristics of upwelling and how the global climate controlling this physic phenomenon such as ENSO, IOD and Kelvin Wave. Several places in the Southeast Asia experienced high intensities of upwelling when El Nino events such as in South of Java, East Coast of Malaysia Peninsula and in Vietnam Coastal area. The results of this review found that area with the most intensive and productive upwelling in the world is South American waters and Banguela Upwelling System (BUS) in the African Coast. However, several other areas also show intensive and high productivity of upwelling, such as off the southern coast of Java Island in Indonesia and the Banda Sea and its surroundings. It is found that upwelling with stronger intensity can result in increase of mortality of certain organisms such as scallops. Additionally, increase of nutrients in a waters is often accompanied by an increase in several species of toxic algae that are harmful to the local fishery system (harmful algae blooms, HABs).

The Great Influenza

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
East Coast ◽  
World History ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines evidence principally from the US that the Great Influenza provoked profiteering by landlords, undertakers, vendors of fruit, pharmacists, and doctors, but shows that such complaints were rare and confined mostly to large cities on the East Coast. It then investigates anti-social advice and repressive decrees on the part of municipalities, backed by advice from the US Surgeon General and prominent physicians attacking ‘spitters, coughers, and sneezers’, which included state and municipal ordinances against kissing and even ‘big talkers’. It then surveys legislation on compulsory and recommended mask wearing. Yet this chapter finds no protest or collective violence against the diseased victims or any other ‘others’ suspected of disseminating the virus. Despite physicians’ and lawmakers’ encouragement of anti-social behaviour, mass volunteerism and abnegation instead unfolded to an extent never before witnessed in the world history of disease.

scholarly journals Looking into the future ten years later: big full containerships and their arrival to south American ports

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Sánchez ◽  
Daniel E. Perrotti ◽  
Alejandra Gomez Paz Fort
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Global Increase

AbstractSince 2006, when the Emma Maersk broke into the world of shipping, the growth in containership size has remained a continuous trend.For the last 14 years, since 2006, the enlargement of fullcontainerships size has remained a continuous trend since Emma Maersk broke into the world of shipping. This process - that also affected north-south trades - has crucial implications in the shipping business, particularly in the planning of ports and its services and related activities. This paper analyses the global increase in vessel size and forecasts larger vessels’ arrival to South American coasts. The paper analyses evidence since 2006 to understand the factors behind the trend for bigger ships (fleets between 18,000 and 24,000 TEU) and introduce a validated methodology for the prediction of the size of container ships. Experts presented a consensus vision in which factors associated with infrastructure, economics, technology, and the environment play a crucial role in driving the trend. Next, the paper presents a methodology for forecasting the size of containerships and applies it to Latin America’s trade. The models include two alternative thresholds for the dependent variables (1310 ft LOA and 18,000 TEU of nominal capacity) that are controlled by cascading effect (i.e., the size gap between Latin America and the world’s main trade routes), and the economic activity at the destination countries (represented by port activity). Finally, the conclusions highlight the forecast’s call to take action on infrastructure planning and investments, analyzing issues such as “economies of scale,” concentration, or entry barriers. Overall, the paper warns about the importance of efficient medium-term planning in the port industry to maximize its economic impact.

scholarly journals Ocean data portals: Performing a new infrastructure for ocean governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëlle Boucquey ◽  
Kevin St. Martin ◽  
Luke Fairbanks ◽  
Lisa M Campbell ◽  
Sarah Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Critical Cartography ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
New Infrastructure

We are currently in what might be termed a “third phase” of ocean enclosures around the world. This phase has involved an unprecedented intensity of map-making that supports an emerging regime of ocean governance where resources are geocoded, multiple and disparate marine uses are weighed against each other, spatial tradeoffs are made, and exclusive rights to spaces and resources are established. The discourse and practice of marine spatial planning inform the contours of this emerging regime. This paper examines the infrastructure of marine spatial planning via two ocean data portals recently created to support marine spatial planning on the East Coast of the United States. Applying theories of ontological politics, critical cartography, and a critical conceptualization of “care,” we examine portal performances in order to link their organization and imaging practices with the ideological and ontological work these infrastructures do, particularly in relation to environmental and human community actors. We further examine how ocean ontologies may be made durable through portal use and repetition, but also how such performances can “slip,” thereby creating openings for enacting marine spatial planning differently. Our analysis reveals how portal infrastructures assemble, edit, and visualize data, and how it matters to the success of particular performances of marine spatial planning.

Envisaged transfer projects: New technologies in the water sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Xiangzhou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Abstracts:</strong> Influenced by global climate change, water shortages and other extreme weather, water scarcity in the world is an alarming sign. This article provides evidences regarding the Tunnel and Tianhe project’s feasibility and their technical, financial, political, socioeconomic and environmental aspects. Such as how to utilize the water vapour in the air and to build a 1000 km long tunnel project to fulfill the goal of solving water shortage in China. The projects are promising to solve the problem of water, food and drought in the country. In addition, the telecoupling framework helps to effectively understand and manage ecosystem services, as well as the different challenges associated with them. Such efforts can help find the ways for proper utilization of water resources and means of regulation.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Sustainability; water shortage; transfer project</p>

Cities and News

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Caimari
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
New World ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
South American ◽  
International News ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Shape Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This Element examines urban imaginaries during the expansion of international news between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, when everyday information about faraway places found its way into newspapers all over the world. Building on the premise that news carried an unprecedented power to shape representations of the world, it follows this development as it made its way to regular readers beyond the dominant information poles, in the great port-cities of the South American Atlantic. Based on five case studies of typical turn-of-the-century foreign news, Lila Caimari shows how current events opened windows onto distant cities, feeding a new world horizon that was at once wider and eminently urban.

scholarly journals Perspectives for use of hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas production

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mouallem ◽  
Wilson Trigueiro de Sousa ◽  
Ivo Eyer Cabral ◽  
Adilson Curi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
The World

Hydraulic fracturing emerges currently, all over the world, as one of the more strategic techniques used by companies in the oil exploitation sector. This technique is characterized by its high productivity and profit in relation to conventional methods of hydrocarbon exploitation. However, in many countries, as is the case of Brazil, there are several divergences considering the employment of this methodology. Many renowned researchers attest that there are several irreversible environmental impacts generated by the use of this methodology. Among the main environmental impacts are the risk of groundwater level contamination, the risk of surface subsidence, and the risk of the environment contamination with fluids used in the process of the oil and gas extraction.

scholarly journals The Borneo Islamic Heritage and The Significance of Idahan Jawi Manuscript

Al-Albab ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Suraya Sintang ◽  
Rosdiana Onga ◽  
Siti Aidah Hj Lukin ◽  
Asmady Idris
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Native People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Borneo Island is the third largest island in the world, rich in natural resources, biodiversity and cultural diversity. The uniqueness of Borneo is that it is home to three countries; Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam, each with their own valuable cultural heritage. One of the unique aspects of the Borneo archipelago is the shared wealth of civilizations derived from the dissemination of Islam. Treasures known as the “Borneo Islamic Heritage" are not only valuable as cultural artefacts that need to be preserved, but they can also be elevated and commercialised as regional economic drivers. This paper discusses the Idahan manuscript written in Jawi script as one of the treasures of Islamic intellectual legacy in Borneo. The method of study is based on content analysis which depicts the descriptive history of the discovery of the Idahan Jawi manuscript. This manuscript not only serves as evidence of the early embrace of Islam in Sabah, but also as a reference to matters pertaining to religion and the laws of Islamic jurisprudence. This factor leads the Idahan community be considered as the first native people embracing Islam at the east coast of Sabah. The contribution of this study is to enhance understanding of the development of Islamic heritage in Borneo Island and to inculcate the spirit of solidarity among the people living in the region.

scholarly journals Analysis of the development of consumption and production of steel cord

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
A. V. Vedeneev ◽  
Yu. L. Bobarikin ◽  
V. P. Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
South American ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Metal Cord ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
The Cost

Dynamics of development of sales of cars in the world is considered. The steady growth of car sales in the period 2013–2018 was determined. It is determined that in just nine months of 2018, 71 153 025 cars were registered in the world, which is 1.7% more than in the nine months of 2017, and according to the data of the ASEAN (European Association of car manufacturers), 11 951 957 cars were registered in the automotive market of the European Union countries in the nine months of 2018 in the EU, which is 2.5% more than in the same period of 2017. It is determined that despite some decline in production in Japan, South Korea, the rest of the traditional car manufacturers in Europe and North America show a steady pace of development, built and planned construction of new modern production of automotive equipment mainly in the Asian and South American regions. Analysis of the development of metal cord production showed that it is expected to increase investment in the production of metal cord with a planned increase in production by 22% until 2022. At the same time, the greatest growth should fall on passenger and lightcargo tires. Due to the increasing competition in the metal cord market, the development of the latter is in the direction of highstrength structures. The transition to a high-strength metal cord attracts the possibility of reducing the weight of tires, increasing their mobility and reducing the cost per unit weight of the metal cord with an equally strong replacement of structures in tires.

scholarly journals Hindu Kush Himalayan Ecosystem as a Common Concern of Humankind: Imperative for Better Regional Jurisprudence

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Debasis Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
The World

Hindu Kush Himalayan region (hereafter the HKH) - with 3500 odd kilometres stretched in eight countries- is default resource generation hub for about one-fifth population of the world. The ecosystem-growing delicate these days- seems to play a critical role for the survival of flora and fauna along with the maintenance of all its life-sustaining mountain glaciers. Ten major rivers to carry forward hitherto sustainable development of these peoples fall into question now. Further, in the wake of global climate change today, the delicate HKH ecosystem becomes increasingly fragile to unfold manifold consequences and thereby take its toll on the population. And the same might turn apocalyptic in its magnanimity of irreversibledamage. Like time-bomb, thus, climate ticks to get blown off. As it is getting already too delayed for timely resort to safeguards, if still not taken care of in time, lawmakers ought to find the aftermath too late to lament for. Besides being conscious for climate discipline across the world, collective efforts on the part of all regional states together are imperative to minimize the damage. Therefore, each one has put hands together to be saved from the doomsday that appears to stand ahead to accelerate a catastrophicend, in the given speed of global climate change. As the largest Himalayan state and its central positioning at the top of the HKH, Nepal has had potential to play a criticalrole to engage regional climate change regime and thereby spearhead climate diplomacy worldwide to play regional capital of the HKH ecosystem. As regional superpower, India has had potential to usurp leadership avatar to this end. With reasoningof his own, the author pleads for better jurisprudence to attain regional environmental integrity inter se- rather than regional environmental integration alone- to defendthe vulnerable HKH ecosystem since the same constitutes common concern of humankind and much more so for themselves. Hence, to quote from Shakespeare, “To be or not to be, that is the question” is reasonable here. While states are engaged in the spree to cause mutually agreed destruction, global climate change- with deadly aftermath- poses the last and final unifier for them to turn United Nations in rhetoric sense o f the term.

scholarly journals Cliff collapse at Stevns Klint, south-east Denmark

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Stig A. Schack Pedersen ◽  
Tove Damholt
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
The World ◽  
Coastal Cliff ◽  
The Difference

The scenic coastal cliff of Stevns Klint is a classical study locality that stretches for 15 km along the east coast of Sjælland and it holds arguably the best exposed Cretaceous−Tertiary boundary in the world (Fig. 1; Damholt & Surlyk 2012). The famous boundary separates the soft Cretaceous chalk from the harder overlying Tertiary bryozoan limestone (Fig. 2), and the difference between the two rock types controls the character of the frequent cliff falls. The relatively soft chalk at the base is eroded by storm waves and is subject to general debris shedding. The overlying bryozoan limestone, with its hardgrounds and flint layers, is more resistant to erosion and is strong enough to form overhanging projections of the coastal cliff that result in large and small recurring collapses.

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