scholarly journals Importance and Problems of Landscape Diversity Conservation in the Environmental Policy of Poorly Developed Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
Z G Mirzekhanova ◽  
E M Klimina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Environmental Programs ◽  
Integral Systems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The environmental strategy for regional development is implemented through regional environmental programs. Their list of indicators that track the effectiveness of planned tasks shows that the most important regional aspects are not always properly reflected. The specificity of spatial and temporal trends in the development of regions, the peculiarities of territorial changes in geosystems, and the dynamics of the ratio of disturbed and undisturbed territories are of particular importance in highlighting the tasks in the context of the application of particular indicators. In the context of increased economic activity in the Russian Far East, facilitated by the policy of improving priority social and economic development areas, the regions identify their own tasks for sustainable development. From the perspective of the geographical approach, the content of the concept of landscape diversity, contained in the environmental program of Khabarovsk Territory to reflect spatial changes, is briefly presented. Landscapes as integral systems are considered from the point of view of their positions in the system of taxa of the regional hierarchy. The significance of “landscape diversity conservation” criterion for solving the same problem as a priority for this territory has been shown. The necessity of its application in the region has been considered due to the concentration of natural complexes of a high hierarchical rank, their significant share within the region, the uniqueness and at the same time a high degree of landscape vulnerability to anthropogenic impact due to increased economic activity, the imperfection of the PA network etc.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene and Holocene small mammal (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) remains from Medvezhyi Klyk Cave in the Southern Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Omelko ◽  
Y.V. Kuzmin ◽  
M.P. Tiunov ◽  
L.L. Voyta ◽  
G.S. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Faunal Complexes ◽  
Extinct Genus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Late Pleistocene-Holocene faunal complexes of small mammals (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) from the Russian Far East are described for the first time. We used material from the Medvezhyi Klyk Cave, located in Southern Sikhote-Alin. The numerous fossil findings from the cave display a remarkable taxonomic diversity and high degree of preservation. AMS 14C dating used for determination of deposits age. The Holocene sediments were divided into three periods: Early, Middle, and Late. The Pleistocene deposits age was not exactly determined, but under approximately estimation it can reach 50–60 ka. Thirty-nine species were found, including one member of the extinct genus of arvicolins. There are six faunal complexes identified from the studied Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. In general, the faunal complexes characterized by the dominance of Craseomys rufocanus within rodents, Sorex caecutiens within lipotyphlans; and relatively stability composition of most number of the dominant, codominant and subdominant species. Accordingly, the faunal complexes were described by means of two determining criteria only: relative number of species; and presence or absence of certain species. The dominant species are eurytopic and so they cannot use for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment.

scholarly journals Small rural settlements of Yakutia: state and development problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Olga P., Monastyreva ◽  
Marianna M. Teryutina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Russian Far East

In this article, the author examines the state and various development problems faced by small settlements, whose livelihoods and very existence are completely dependent on agricultural production. This issue is not fashionable and widespread in the scientific community, but at the same time, it is very relevant for Russian realities. The author conducts his research on the material of the village Ogusur (Teya) of the Syl Nasleg of the Churapchinsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This is a very sparsely populated locality located in the Central part of the Republic. At the same time, all the problems that the residents of this village have to solve are typical for many in the largest region of the Russian Federation. Further socio-economic development of such settlements has always looked problematic, and in connection with the transition to the market economy of our country, their very existence is called into question. But for people who have lived on these lands for centuries, this is the only most fertile and desirable place that they will not exchange for any. From the author’s point of view, when certain conditions are created, first of all, the arrangement of their accessibility, these harsh regions can be attractive for young families. The events of recent months show that over time, such places in the Russian far East, where vast territories still remain sparsely populated, may prove very promising for the life of Russians and the upbringing of the younger generation on ecologically clean and free lands.

Professional PR-community in the Russian Far East: identification and self-organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Markina ◽  
◽  
Ya. N. Pestova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

The article is devoted to the issues related to the study of the process of identification and professional self-organization of public relations specialists in the Far-Eastern region of Russia. This process is studied from the point of view of defining the group identity, group norms, and the activities of professional communities. The empirical basis of analysis was the results of an expert survey of public relations specialists in the Far-Eastern federal district. The authors identify the current professional PR communities of the Russian Far East, identify the motives of their members for more active participation in the communities life. There is an independent association of representatives of professional group due to the grassroots activity «spontaneous self-organization» and the presence of experience in consolidating PR specialists in a specific field (state) with an external actor. It is concluded that today there is a willingness of the self-organized PR community to participate in solving the socially significant issues for the region, the development of inter-sector partnership, as a result of formation of trusting attitude of population to the decisions taken in the region.

scholarly journals The Historical Perspective of Russian Turn to the East: How Russia Became an Eastern Power in XXI Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
R. Loreto Cecioni
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
New Era ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Instru Ment

Russia’s so-called “turn to the East” policy has become one of the widely discussed issues among other issues in contemporary international relations. The new strategic relations with China and the beginning of a new era in Sino-Russian bilateral relations are the most representative results of the “turn to the East”. The history behind these relations is a factor with tend to be ignored by those discussing the matter. However, the historical view of Sino-Russian relations can provide us with new horizons in their interpretation. This article analyses the “turns to the East” from a historical point of view and theorizes new approaches towards their conceptualization. From the historical point of view, Russia’s “turns to the East” can potentially help the two countries overcome very profound obstacles in bilateral relations, such as the problem of Russia’s image in China after the border disputes with the Qing Empire. Undoubtedly, the “turns to the East” policy’s implications in the economic development of Russian Far East is one of the central topics. As well, the historical analysis of this policy can enrich nowadays discussion about Russian identity and Russia’s position in the East-West paradigm. Also, this article draws attention to the commercial aspect of Sino-Russian relations, which nowadays still represent an important criterion in judging the “turn to the East” policy’s effectiveness. By including examples of other countries’ relations with China, we tried to underline how history has become an instru- ment for developing relations with modern China and how this opportunity is applicable in the Sino-Russian context too.

scholarly journals Regions spatial development problems of the Russian Far East North: sociological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
M. V. Fomin ◽  
V. A. Bezverbny ◽  
I. A. Seleznev ◽  
I. S. Shushpanova ◽  
E. A. Lukashenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Rfbr Grant ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

The purpose of the article is to identify the features and problems of spatial development of the regions of the North of the Russian Far East. The research was carried out under the project “Modeling the spatial development scenarios of Siberia and the Far East of Russia until 2030: features of the resettlement system” (RFBR grant No. 19-010-00836 A), which won the RFBR competition “Fundamental Scientific Research Projects”. The study is being conducted by the team of the Department of Geourbanistics & Spatial Development of ISPR FCTAS RAS since 2019 and is intended to last for three years. The main goal is to assess the current state of the resettlement system, develop strategic prospects and model alternative scenarios for the spatial development of the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. A key feature is the use of interdisciplinary methods based on a combination of economic, mathematical, sociological, statistical and scenario approaches to research. From a practical point of view, the project results will help to plan more rationally the spatial development the spatial development of the country’s regions. The analysis shows that the sociological methods of spatial research have large reserves but are not yet used to the full capacity. This article discusses the current problems of spatial development of the north of the Russian Far East. On the basis of the authors’ development of the empirical research model by a group of scientists of ISPR FCTAS RAS, in August 2019, the survey of respondents of the Kamchatka Krai, the Magadan Oblast` and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was conducted. The results of the opinion poll made it possible to identify differences in migration preferences, a number of features of the economic potential capacity and the quality of infrastructure, and the social sphere of the Far Eastern regions of the country.

scholarly journals INERTIA OF MARINE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE TERRITORIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF PACIFIC RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Мошков
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern

Морехозяйственные виды деятельности всегда играли ключевую роль в формировании и развитии территориально-производственных систем Дальнего Востока России. Такие виды деятельности, как рыбное хозяйство, морской транспорт, судостроение и судоремонт и др. возникли на территории Дальнего Востока в результате хозяйственного использования благоприятных экономико-географических факторов – богатые природные ресурсы акватории (биологические и топливные), выгодное и во многом уникальное географическое положение, наличие в береговой зоне удобных бухт и заливов. Влияние «морских» факторов на экономику прибрежных территорий Дальнего Востока привело к формированию здесь особых аква-территориальных производственных систем, функционирование которых особым образом влияет на развитие всей экономики субъектов Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДФО). Это позволяет выделить на территории Дальнего Востока особый регион – Тихоокеанскую Россию, в состав которой включаются не только прибрежные субъекты, но и континентальные регионы, тяготеющие к морской транспортной инфраструктуре ДФО. В прибрежной зоне Тихоокеанской России формируются подзоны морехозяйственной активности – «северная» и «южная», которые различаются географическими, природно-ресурсными и социально-экономическими условиями ведения хозяйственной деятельности. При этом, отмечается инерционность развития морехозяйственных звеньев структуры территориально—производственных систем, которые образуют особые локальные «опорные базы морехозяйственной деятельности» в прибрежных субъектах ДФО. Marine economic activities always played a key role in the formation and development of territorial production systems of the Russian Far East. Such activities as fishing, marine transport, shipbuilding, and ship repair, etc. emerged on the territory of the Far East as a result of the economic use of favorable economic - geographical factors, i.e. rich natural resources of the water area (biological and fuel), favorable and in many ways a unique geographical location, the presence of convenient bays, and the bays in the coastal zone. The effect of the "sea" factors on the economy of the coastal areas of the Far East led to the formation of special aqua-territorial production systems, the functioning of which has a specific effect on the development of the entire economy of the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD). This makes it possible to distinguish a special region in the Far East – Pacific Russia, which includes not only coastal subjects, but also continental regions, which tend to the maritime transport infrastructure of the Far Eastern Federal District. In the coastal zone of Pacific Russia, the sub-zones of marine economic activity are formed – "northern" and "southern", which differ in the geographical, natural-resource, and socio-economic conditions of economic activity. At the same time, inertia of the development of marine economic links in the structure of territorial production systems, which form special local "support bases of marine economic activity" in the coastal subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, has been noted.

scholarly journals Demographic security of the far eastern geostrategic territories of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Yury Simagin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Far Eastern

The article presents an analysis of the demographic situation of the border and priority geostrategic territories of the Russian Far East, identified in the «Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025». The main problem of the Far Eastern geostrategic territories of the country is depopulation, which is both a factor that slows down the socio-economic development of the macroregion and a trend that can lead to threats to national security. The latter may be most significant for the sparsely populated and almost uninhabited Far Eastern territories located both in the south of the Far East (especially along the border with China) and in the north of the macroregion along the Northern Sea Route, in the development of which not only Russia but also some foreign countries, primarily China, are interested. The analysis was carried out using the database «Municipal Russia», which summarizes demographic statistics for all urban districts and municipal districts of the country, including those located on geostrategic territories. The results of the analysis showed that even in relatively prosperous regions from a demographic point of view, where since 2010 There is an increase in the population, in their border areas (Republic of Buryatia) or Arctic coastal areas (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). In municipalities, the already small population is usually declining, which can create threats to demographic security for the entire Russian Federation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to organize monitoring of the dynamics and ethnic composition of the population, the development of special measures of demographic and migration policy

Selection of the Area of Window Openings of Residential Buildings in Conditions of Monsoon Climate of the Far East of the Russian Federation and Northern Areas of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Aleksei K. Solovyov ◽  
Bi Guofu
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Large Heat

The term “window” in architecture usually stands for an opening in a wall or roof for penetration of natural light, sunrays and fresh air in premises. Recently, the requirement of contact with environment is added to this condition. It is especially relevant for residential buildings where rooms are considered residential if they have windows. The energy consumption of a building depends on sizes, form and location of windows. In winter, windows cause huge heat losses, in summer, on the other hand, large heat enters a building via the windows and is required to be removed by means of air conditioning. Moreover, windows are used for penetration of natural light in premises, which assists in saving of large amounts of power for artificial illumination. This article discusses partial solving the problem of the energy efficiency of residential buildings by determining the most efficient area of windows in terms of energy spending for compensation of heat losses via windows in winter, elimination of heat penetration through them in summer and energy losses for artificial lighting throughout the year. The analysis of the results of calculation of power consumption for residential premises in conditions of monsoon climate of the Russian Far East and Northern areas of China (PRC) is provided.

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