scholarly journals The potential and prospect of biomass as primary energy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012055
Author(s):  
A I D Lantasi ◽  
Syafrudin ◽  
Budiyono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Biomass Utilization ◽  
Scientific Facts

Abstract Energy is one of the needs to support daily human activities. Without energy, various activities such as industry, health, and household will be disrupted. Total energy consumption in Indonesia in 2018 reached 875 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE), which was dominated by fuel oil. It illustrates that national energy consumption is still dominated by primary energy sources originating from fossil fuels. Various previous studies have suggested the environmental and health impacts of air pollution from burning fossil fuels. This article will briefly discuss biomass as a primary energy source based on the results of literature studies. The discussion section will discuss the environmental impacts of biomass utilization based on several scientific studies and the form of biomass utilization in Indonesia that has been carried out. As a follow-up to several scientific facts, it is necessary to mix other primary energy from new and renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources in Road Transport in EU Countries—TOPSIS Results

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7457
Author(s):  
Joanna Kisielińska ◽  
Monika Roman ◽  
Piotr Pietrzak ◽  
Michał Roman ◽  
Katarzyna Łukasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Relative Closeness ◽  
The Status

The primary aim of this study was to assess and compare EU countries in terms of the use of renewable energy sources in road transport. The following research tasks were undertaken to realize this aim: (1) a review of the literature concerning the negative externalities in road transport, the concept of sustainable development, and legal regulations referring to the utilization of renewable energy sources; (2) presentation of changes in energy consumption (both traditional and renewable) in road transport in EU countries in the years 2008–2019; and (3) identification of leaders among the EU countries in terms of consumption of renewable energy sources in road transport. The aim and tasks were realized using the literature review and TOPSIS method as well as descriptive, tabular, and graphic methods. The analysis was conducted for 28 EU countries according to the status for 2019. The period of 2008–2019 was investigated. Sources of materials included literature on the subject and Eurostat data. Although renewable energy sources accounted for as little as 6% of total energy consumption in road transport in EU countries in 2019, this is a significant topical issue. It results from the direction in which changes need to be implemented in terms of energy generation in this area of human activity. It turned out that blended biodiesel and blended biogasoline were the most commonly used fuels originating from renewable sources. The application of the TOPSIS method resulted in the identification of five groups of EU member countries, which differed in terms of the degree of utilization of renewable energy sources in road transport. Luxemburg, Sweden, and Austria were leaders in this respect. In turn, Malta, Estonia, and Croatia were characterized by very low consumption of renewable energy. The greatest progress in the utilization of renewable energy sources in road transport was recorded in Sweden, Finland, and Bulgaria (changes in the relative closeness to the ideal solution from 0.15 to 0.27), while the greatest reduction in relation to other countries was observed in Austria, Germany, and Lithuania (changes from −0.35 to −0.22).

Power System for Beautiful China

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Polevanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Leading Position

The growth in primary energy consumption in 2019 by 1.3% was provided by renewable energy sources and natural gas, which together provided 75% of the increase. China in the period 2010–2020 held a leading position in the growth of demand for energy resources, but according to forecasts, India will join it in the current decade.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MODAL CHOICE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL SUPPLY CHAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Monteiro Lopes ◽  
Ilton Curty Leal Junior ◽  
Vanessa De Almeida Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
South Central

Currently, concerns with sustainable development lead organizations to improve their production processes in order to reduce greenhouse gases emission and energy consumption. Since the bioethanol supply chain is a CO2 emitter and depends on several energy sources, it becomes important to analyze how to improve this chain regarding environmental issues. Thus, this paper presents a comparative study of scenarios with bioethanol supply chain configurations which use different modal alternatives and renewable energy in all its mid-stages. The analysis was based on LCA (life cycle analysis) concepts and in a partial application of LCI (life cycle inventory), so that we can identify which of these scenarios is most appropriate in terms of lower total energy consumption, greater share of renewable energy use and lower CO2 emissions. Based on concepts found in the bibliographic research, the methodology used and the data collected from documental research, this paper analyzes the supply chain that begins with sugarcane plantation and bioethanol production in the south central region of Brazil with destination to export. Based on the results, we concluded that it is possible to improve the performance of the supply chain in environmental terms with a combination of renewable energy sources and modes of transport that are more suitable to the product studied.

Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-307
Author(s):  
Teodora Melania Şoimoşan ◽  
Raluca Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Maria Simona Răboacă ◽  
Constantin Filote
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Within the current context of energy, there are several ways to meet the challenges of durable development. Efficiency in energy use, considered to be the fifth energy source, as well as the use of sustainable energy sources represent critical objectives. Nowadays, almost 50% of the total energy consumption in Europe is consumed by building heating and cooling. The current heat demand is mainly covered by conventional energy—fossil fuels. Consequently, there is a significant growth potential for the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to produce heat. One can expect in the near future that the energy systems would include a larger percentage of renewable sources, so the increase of the RES share is one of the main objectives of the thermoenergetic field. This chapter approaches heating system typology, the performance indicators used to asses the hybrid heating systems, and at the same time synthetising the assumptions of ensuring the optimum operating conditions.

Energy Resources and Their Consumption

2022 ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Harpreet Kaur Channi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Growth Economic

Power is a significant cause of economic growth and crucial to the sustainability of the economy. Energy consumption is an indicator of a nation's economic growth. Economic growth is focused, among other aspects, on the long-term acquisition of affordable, existing resources, and their use does not pollute the environment. Industrialization serves economic growth and consumes energy. In 2018, 68% of total capital power was consumed by largest energy-intensive areas. When fossil fuel is the primary source of energy, energy consumption is positively correlated with ecosystem cleanliness. Fossil fuels account for more than 70% of the decent energy expectations of India and other economies. In this chapter, problems related to non-renewable energy sources are discussed, and emphasis is given to use more renewable sources.

The Effective Use of Renewable Energy Sources and Advanced Technology of Environment Systems in Public Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Marek Kušnír ◽  
Danica Košičanová ◽  
František Vranay
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Nowadays, choosing of heating source is emphasized. On the market there are different types of heat sources, which need to be properly designed to the required heating output. Finally, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of fuel burning as well as heat transfer substance. Heating system is dependent on regional weather conditions, where the building is located. All these factors ultimately, with proper design of the heat source, could reduce operating costs in the heating season. Currently in the design of the heating system, there are taken into account the greatest possible energy savings. It is therefore to encourage bigger utilization of renewable energy sources.Currently has the highest proportion of total energy consumption in the buildings, energy for heating. For this reason, the expert and research community seeks to reduce energy consumption at the lowest possible value. For this purpose, people are starting to apply renewable energy sources. These devices using renewable energy sources convert energy from the environment. Most of them are transforming energy from the sun, earth, water and air. This energy is then used directly for heating. In this article we will more closely deal with transforming solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic panels and we will focus on the interaction between the photovoltaic system and heating and cooling system, under certain conditions. Produced electric energy is used for heating system in the school building in Spišská Nová Ves in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Review of Anodic Catalysts for SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis for “Green Hydrogen” Production

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Díaz-Abad ◽  
María Millán ◽  
Manuel A. Rodrigo ◽  
Justo Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Near Future

In the near future, primary energy from fossil fuels should be gradually replaced with renewable and clean energy sources. To succeed in this goal, hydrogen has proven to be a very suitable energy carrier, because it can be easily produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources. After storage, it can be fed to a fuel cell, again producing electricity. There are many ways to improve the efficiency of this process, some of them based on the combination of the electrolytic process with other non-electrochemical processes. One of the most promising is the thermochemical hybrid sulphur cycle (also known as Westinghouse cycle). This cycle combines a thermochemical step (H2SO4 decomposition) with an electrochemical one, where the hydrogen is produced from the oxidation of SO2 and H2O (SO2 depolarization electrolysis, carried out at a considerably lower cell voltage compared to conventional electrolysis). This review summarizes the different catalysts that have been tested for the oxidation of SO2 in the anode of the electrolysis cell. Their advantages and disadvantages, the effect of platinum (Pt) loading, and new tendencies in their use are presented. This is expected to shed light on future development of new catalysts for this interesting process.

scholarly journals Operation experiences of the PV system of an office building utilising environmental energy

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Imre Török
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Residential Sector

One of the most important research directions in the building sector is reducing the energy consumption. In Hungary the residential sector is the biggest energy consumer with 40% from the total energy consumption of the country. One possibility to decrease the energy consumption is using renewable energy sources. In this work I show a short description of PV cells and some measurements.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass for production of Biogas: Progress and Advantages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Kumar Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

A major share of world’s primary energy requirement is dependent on fossil fuels which is not only a non renewable source of energy and on the verge of extinction but also associated with serious environmental concerns. To combat these issues, alternative renewable energy sources are required. Certain examples of renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, hydro and thermal energy, biofuels etc. Biomass is one such alternative which is freely and abundantly available. It is mainly the agricultural waste and vegetable waste which are perishable and create a lot of nuisance. Tapping this biomass for energy production will be beneficial in two ways; it will be an excellent source of energy generation and it will also help in waste management for environment protection. Energy generation from Biomass can take place either chemically or thermo-chemically. In the present paper advantages of anaerobic digestion of biomass are discussed for biogas production.

scholarly journals The possibility of integrating solar energy technologies (passive and active systems) in the residential sector for the purpose of economy and rationalization of energy consumption and protect the environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M Belhaj ◽  
M. M Bara ◽  
M. M Alwerfaly
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Green Architecture

  Humanity has realized in the modern age that the conventional energy resources are being depleted, and hence the research work worldwide has been directed towards ?nding alternative and renewable energy sources. Solar energy has proved its efficiency and ?exibility in its investment and utilization in all ?elds and levels. Most countries have given their great interest in its use as a clean, environment friendly energy, in addition to its effective contribution in conserving local consumption of conventional energy, as well as its being the energy of the future, as it does not run out and its price does not rise with the rising prices of the other energy sources. Based on the importance of housing to mankind in the availability of suitable, comfortable and economical house for the residents, and as the percentage of the domestic energy consumption is around 30 % of the total energy consumption in Libya, as an example, most of this consumption is in heating. cooling and water heating, many countries and energy concerned establishments have introduced research programs to develop ways and means of energy conservation calling for considering energy consumption patterns and means of its conservation in buildings in general and in residential buildings in particular. This paper deals with studying and analyzing effective elements of energy consumption in residential buildings, starting from the architectural design up to the used appliances. The paper also considers chances of partial or total combination of solar energy systems and its use to solve the energy consumption problem through solar energy, or what is called green architecture, energy conservative buildings or environment friendly buildings. The paper presents a conclusion outlining environment suitable building in Libya and concludes with some recommendations

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